Code Switching Used in “Net Tv Breakout” Selected Episodes: a Sociolinguistic Analysis

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CODE SWITCHING USED IN “NET TV BREAKOUT” SELECTED EPISODES: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of Cultural Science Hasanuddin University In Partial Fulfillment to Obtain Sarjana Degree in English Department

ABDURRAHMAN SHALEH RELIUBUN F21113335

MAKASSAR 2017

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

All gratitude should go to Allah SWT the most beneficent and the most merciful, for His love, blessings, grace and mercy helped and guided the researcher in completing his thesis. All praises to His prophet and His final messenger, Muhammad SAW, and to his family, to his companions and to his followers who always follow his examples until the end of time.

This thesis has been finished with assistance and guidance of some people.

Therefore, the researcher would like to express his great gratitude and appreciation to:

1. His parents, Drs. H. Usman Shaleh Reliubun M.A and Hj. Maimunah

Renleew S.Pd, his brothers and sisters, distant relatives and zijn groete

familie.

2. His supervisors, Prof. Dr. Noer Jihad Saleh, M.A as the first supervisor and

Dr. Ayyub Khan, M.Si as the second supervisor, for their assistance,

guidance, advice and patience.

3. His academic advisor, Karmila Mokoginta, S.S, M.Hum, M.Arts and all

lecturers and employees at English Department Hasanuddin University, for

their knowledge, inspirations and stories during his study.

4. His closest friends Nurdin Kadatua, Muhajir Buton, Nasiruddin, Ahmad

Rusdi, Ilham Yunus, Mar‟ie Muhammad and Wulan Winsbasardianty B and

the rest of ETCETERA 2013 which he cannot mention one by one.

5. His friends from Lelaki Etcetera: Adi, Afdal, Akbar, Alwi, Arfan, Arisandy,

Ashar, Daud, Dewa, Emil, Fajar, Fajri, Halim, Husni, Kenas, Khalid,

Marzuki, Mushawwir, Nugi, Rian, Ridwan, Rilo, Sabri, Syahril and Syamsul,

hij zal hem al missen.

6. His friends from EXECUTIVE: Fahmi, Fajrin, Kharji, Hermawan, Indri, Dita,

Uli and Elsa and the rest which he cannot mention one by one.

7. His friends from KKN 93 Kel. Sapanang: Akram, Dedy, Ibrahim, Deltika,

Rahma, Anna and Hartina.

8. His friends: Dimaz, Dio, kak Hery, kak Akbar, Mekay. Idos, Yudhi, Dwiyani,

Okta, Agyl, Daka, Budi, Faizah, Karisma, Angga, Devi, Chintia, Kharisma,

Ipul, Sanz from Re:born.

9. His muses: Takahiro Moriuchi from ONE OK ROCK, MAH from SiM, Ryo

Kinoshita from Crystal Lake, Kenta Koie from Crossfaith, Masato Hayakawa

from coldrain and K from Pay money To my Pain, thank you for your noises.

10. To everyone he cannot mention specifically.

Makassar, 25th April 2017

The Researcher

Abdurrahman Shaleh Reliubun NIM. F21113335

ABSTRACT

ABDURRAHMAN SHALEH RELIUBUN. Code Switching used in “NET TV BREAKOUT” Selected Episodes: a Sociolinguistic Analysis (supervised by Prof. Dr. Noer Jihad Saleh, M.A and Dr. Ayub Khan, M.Si.)

This thesis is aimed to analyze the types of code switching and reasons to use code switching by the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT on two selected episodes. Those selected episodes are “Update Musik-Musik Sekarang, Special Guest, Jamiroquai 2017” and “BREAKOUT with Vidi Aldiano”.

To attain the objectives of this research, the researcher used library research and field research using note taking method and questionnaire. Library research was performed to obtain theories and information significant to the research. Field research was conducted using note taking method which was carried out during video transcribing process. Questionnaire was given randomly to heterogeneous respondents online by using Google Docs. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. Population and sample of this research were all utterances made by the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT in two episodes. The researcher took utterances with code switching between Indonesian and English as the samples which were selected using purposive sampling technique.

This research revealed two results which are: (1) four types of code switching were made by the hosts in two episodes: Intra-sentential switching (59% of utterances), Inter-sentential switching (18%), Tag switching (14%) and Intra-lexical switching (9%); and (2) four reasons were collected from the questionnaire on why the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT use code switching: (a) habit, (b) topic, (c) express idea freely, and (d) lack of vocabulary.

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ABSTRAK

ABDURRAHMAN SHALEH RELIUBUN. Code Switching used in “NET TV BREAKOUT” Selected Episodes: a Sociolinguistic Analysis (dibimbing oleh Prof. Dr. Noer Jihad Saleh, M.A dan Dr. Ayub Khan, M.Si.)

Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tipe alih kode dan alasan penggunaan alih kode oleh pembawa acara NET TV BREAKOUT di dua episode terpilih. Episode terpilih tersebut “Update Musik-Musik Sekarang, Special Guest, Jamiroquai 2017” dan “BREAKOUT with Vidi Aldiano”.

Untuk memperoleh tujuan dari penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan studi pustaka dan studi lapangan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan catatan dan kuisioner. Studi pustaka dilakukan untuk memperoleh teori dan informasi yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Studi lapangan dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan catatan yang dilakukan selama proses transkrip video. Kuisioner diberikan secara acak kepada responden heterogen secara online menggunakan Google Docs. Data kemudian dianalisa dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah semua ujaran pembawa acara NET TV BREAKOUT di dua episode. Peneliti mengambil ujaran dengan alih kode Indonesia dan Inggris sebagai sampel yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.

Penelitian ini memperlihatkan dua hasil yaitu: (1) empat tipe alih kode dilakukan oleh pembawa acara di dua episode: Intra-sentential switching (59% dari ujaran), Inter-sentential switching (18%), Tag switching (14%) dan Intra-lexical switching (9%); dan (2) empat alasan diperoleh dari kuisoner mengenai mengapa pembawa acara NET TV BREAKOUT menggunakan alih kode: (a) kebiasaan, (b) topik pembicaraan, (c) pengungkapan ide secara bebas, dan (d) kurangnya kosa kata.

LIST OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... i

ABSTRACT ...... iii

LIST OF CONTENT ...... v

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Background ...... 1

1.2 Identification of Problems ...... 3

1.3 Scope of Problems ...... 3

1.4 Research Questions ...... 3

1.5 Objective of the Research ...... 4

1.6 Significance of the Research ...... 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 5

2.1 Previous Studies ...... 5

2.2 Theoretical Background ...... 8

2.2.1 Sociolinguistics ...... 8

2.2.2 Bilingualism and Multilingualism ...... 9

2.2.3 Code ...... 11

2.2.4 Definitions of Code Switching ...... 12

2.2.5 Types of Code Switching ...... 13

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 16

3.1 Research Design ...... 16

3.2 Methods in Collecting Data ...... 17

3.3 Population and Sample ...... 18

3.4 Methods in Analyzing Data ...... 18

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 20

4.1 Types of Code Switching ...... 20

4.2 Distribution of Code Switching ...... 51

4.3 Reason of Code Switching ...... 52

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 59

5.1 Conclusion ...... 59

5.2 Suggestions ...... 60

REFERENCES ...... 61

APPENDIX 1 ...... 63

APPENDIX 2 ...... 67

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Language plays a very important role in human life. Language emerged as one of the creation of society. Language is used by people inside and outside the society, people are able to communicate and interact with other people with it. It also helps people to express their ideas and opinions whether they use language in written or spoken activities. From that, we understand that language cannot be separated from human life and therefore with its uniqueness and variation became an interesting subject for research.

Language is used by people everywhere, from various ranges of age, gender, occupation and ethnicity. Language itself has become an identity for those who speak it. Through the language used, we can easily identify their society group or even their nationality.

Everyone speaks a language either speak one, two or more languages. People who to understand and use more than two languages are called bilinguals and people who speak numbers of languages referred as polyglots.

English is acknowledged by every people as the international language.

English is taught not only in English-speaking country but also in non English- speaking country. The ability to speak English is mandatory for everyone. English then is spoken by everyone regardless of their race, nationality and native language.

The uses of English by people either are bilingual or multilingual in their community sometimes resulted in a phenomenon known as Code switching. Code switching is a linguistic phenomenon where people alternate between languages in their utterances. Code switching has become one of the topics studied in

Sociolinguistics for a long time.

Code switching, as a phenomenon, can be found in many forms either the switches are between Indonesian and local languages or between Indonesian and

English. Code switching also can be found everywhere, in written form such in newspapers, magazines, and literary works and in spoken form such on advertisements, on television, and on movies.

Among all TV shows aired in Indonesia, one with the highest frequency of code switching usage is BREAKOUT. BREAKOUT is a music TV program aired from Monday to Friday at 13.00 pm in NET TV. BREAKOUT can be agreed as the best music TV program in Indonesia as it not only limited to Indonesian music but also covers International music. Code switching phenomenon can be easily found in this TV program as the hosts are able to speak English fluently.

Based on the facts above, the researcher tries to analyze code switches made by hosts NET TV BREAKOUT and why the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT use code switching. The researcher entitled his research “Code Switching used by Hosts in “NET TV BREAKOUT” Selected Episodes: a Sociolinguistic Analysis.”

1.2 Identification of Problems

Based on the background stated above, several problems are identified as follows:

1. The hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT may use various types of code switching.

2. The hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT use code switching for certain reasons.

3. The switches created by the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT may contain

certain functions.

1.3 Scope of Problems

This research will analyze the use of code switching by hosts of NET TV

BREAKOUT in selected episodes. The main source of data that support this research is taken from BREAKOUT official YouTube account.

1.4 Research Questions

Based on the background stated before, the researcher tries to answer several questions related to the research topic, as follows;

1. What are the types of code switching used by the hosts of NET TV

BREAKOUT?

2. Why the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT use code switching?

1.5 Objective of the Research

1. To describe the types of code switching used by the hosts of NET TV

BREAKOUT.

2. To find out why the hosts of NET TV BREAKOUT use code switching.

1.6 Significance of the Research

The significance of this research is to contribute more in the study of

Linguistics, especially in study related to code switching. This research also intended to enrich the readers and the researcher knowledge about code switching.

The researcher hopes this research will give a plethora of benefits to his institution, English Department and to his fellow students of English Department and to himself. This research, aside from its main significances, also intended to give the readers and the researcher himself knowledge to apply the use of code switching in their daily conversation in speech communities.