Der Leitch-Look Die Zwölf WM-Arenen Sähen Anders Aus Ohne Das Lebenswerk Eines Schottischen Ingenieurs

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Der Leitch-Look Die Zwölf WM-Arenen Sähen Anders Aus Ohne Das Lebenswerk Eines Schottischen Ingenieurs Stadionwelten Ein Leitch-Klassiker: Sein Mainstand im Ibrox Park von 1929 wurde später auf drei Ränge aufgestockt. Foto: Stadionwelt Der Leitch-Look Die zwölf WM-Arenen sähen anders aus ohne das Lebenswerk eines schottischen Ingenieurs. Lange galt Archibald Leitchs Art, Stadien zu bauen als das Maß aller Dinge. Dabei begann seine Karriere mit einer Katastrophe. s soll ein großer Tag für den Fuß- Zuschauer im weiten Rund versammelt, Boden auf, andere verfangen sich im ball werden. Alles ist bestens vor- denkt er. Doch beim Anp ff quetschen Tragwerk. Was anschließend passiert, Ebereitet, so scheint es. Sogar die sich nur 68.114 Menschen wie die Herin- bleibt unklar. Wohl um der Gefahr zu Marschkapelle auf dem Spielfeld des ge auf den – fast ausschließlich aus Steh- entrinnen, drängen viele Besucher nach Glasgower Ibrox Park bläst lauter als plätzen bestehenden – Rängen, mehr vorne. Dabei knicken die wenigen Wel- sonst. Das muss sie auch. Heute, am 5. passen einfach nicht hinein in den Ibrox lenbrecher ein wie Cocktailspieße. Unten April 1902, werden zum Fußballmatch Park. Da ist Leitch schon nicht mehr in am Tribünenrand werden Menschen von zwischen Schottland und dem „old ene- seiner Loge. Um 14:45 Uhr erspäht er auf den nachrückenden Massen zerquetscht. my“ England 80.000 Zuschauer erwartet. der Westseite einige freie Plätze. Er has- Dann brechen wieder Planken, wieder Zum ersten Mal wird der zwei Jahre alte tet außen um das Stadion herum. Dort, stürzen zig Fans ins Todesloch. Am Ende Ibrox Park ausverkauft sein. wo niemand stehen möchte, icken eini- fordert das Desaster 26 Todesopfer und Bereits um halb drei sind einige Sekto- ge Ordner unter der Tribüne notdürftig mehr als 500 Verletzte. Leitch hilft noch ren so voll, dass die Ordner dort nieman- zwei Trägerbalken zusammen, die un- kurz den Einsatzkräften, dann geht er dem mehr Zutritt gewähren. Dabei wird ter dem Gewicht der Menschenmenge nach Hause. das Match erst um 15:30 Uhr angep ffen. bersten. Doch die beiden eingeknick- Ob er sich schuldig fühlt, weiß nie- Archibald Leitch wird nervös. Der Ingeni- ten Balken sind nur die Vorboten einer mand. Vielleicht nicht einmal er selbst. eur hat den Ibrox Park geplant. Zu seiner ungeheuren Katastrophe. Das Spiel ist Im folgenden Prozess jedenfalls wird Zeit ist es das größte Fußballstadion der gerade zehn Minuten alt, als sich in der der Bauunternehmer McDougall der Welt. Die Glasgow Rangers hat es 20.000 südwestlichen Kurve des Ibrox Parks ein fahrlässigen Tötung angeklagt. Er habe Pfund gekostet. Leitch, 37, hat davon kei- Teil der Tribüne wie eine Falltür öffnet. vertragswidrig minderwertiges Holz nen Penny gesehen. Er hat ehrenamtlich Die Opfer sind so überrascht, dass sie verwendet, heißt es. Auch Leitch führt gearbeitet, weil er Anhänger der Rangers nicht einmal schreien, berichtet ein Au- die Katastrophe darauf zurück – zumin- ist. Doch im Moment steht ihm der Sinn genzeuge. Nur das Krachen der Planken dest of ziell. Verurteilt wird McDougall nicht nach Fußball. Einer solchen Bela- kündigt ihren Tod an. Knapp 100 Zu- nicht. Auch Leitch bleibt unbehelligt, stung wie jetzt war seine Holzkonstruk- schauer stürzen rund zehn Meter in die obwohl er als Zeuge mehr in der Kritik tion noch nie ausgesetzt. Es seien 80.000 Tiefe. Einige schlagen direkt auf dem steht als der Angeklagte selbst. Viele an- 78 Stadionwelt Februar/März 2006 s078-079_leitch.indd 78 16.01.2006 19:01:26 Stadionwelten Stadionwelten erkannte Fachleute meinen, diese und – Werke von Archibald Leitch, entstan- Zeit bauten andere längst ohne lästige andere seiner Konstruktionen seien zu den in der ersten Hälfte des zwanzigsten Stützpfeiler, die die Sicht der Zuschauer leichtgewichtig. Außerdem wird ihm Jahrhunderts. Für seine unverbrüchliche einschränkten. Leitch und sein Stil wa- vorgeworfen, er selbst habe, um beim und tragische Liebe, die Rangers, arbei- ren in die Jahre gekommen. Sogar sein Bau Zeit zu sparen, McDougall angewie- tete der Architekt noch weitere dreißig Wohnhaus in London schmückte Leitch sen, genau dieses Holz einzusetzen. Jahre. Leitch war, was Fußballstadien be- noch im Alter mit diesem eigenartigen Für Leitch freilich bedeutete die Tra- trifft, stilbildend. Er baute nüchterne Tri- Giebel, der fast alle seine Tribünen zierte. gödie keinen Karriereknick. Warum bünen, die mehr durch Größe als durch Er starb von der Öffentlichkeit weitestge- nicht? Archibald Leitch war ein gut aus- kühne Entwürfe überzeugten. Als Fabrik- hend unbemerkt 1939. gebildeter Ingenieur, erfolgreich beim ingenieur und Kind der Arbeiterklasse Noch bei der WM 1966 in England Bau von Fabrikgebäuden. Der Sohn eines übertrug er den industriellen Stil jener waren sechs von acht WM-Stadien made Schmieds absolvierte eine Ausbildung Zeit in die Welt des Sports. by Archibald Leitch. Erst genau 50 Jahre zum technischen Zeichner, ging dann Was ihn dabei antrieb, ist ungewiss. nach seinem Tod endete diese Ära des drei Jahre zur Marine, bevor er in Glas- Es mag als spätes Schuldeingeständnis Stadionbaus. Bei der Katastrophe von gow weitere sechs Jahre als „draughting gelten, dass er sich schon bald verstärkt Hillsborough 1989 in Shef eld ließen engineer“ arbeitete, also als jemand, der um die Sicherheit in Stadien kümmerte. 96 Fans ihr Leben. Danach verfügte der ähnlich dem Architekten größere Objekte Er entwickelte standfeste Wellenbrecher so genannte Taylor-Report Sitzplatztri- auch entwirft. Dann wagte er den Schritt und neuartige Terrassen, teilweise aus bünen. Eine große Umwälzung der Sta- in die Selbstständigkeit, nannte seine Fir- Beton. Beides ließ er sich patentieren, dionlandschaft begann. Viele von Leitchs ma später „architechts and engineers“ beides bestimmte das Erscheinungsbild Werken wurden abgerissen, nur wenige und wurde schon bald in das renom- britischer Stadien bis weit in die 1970er blieben erhalten – wenngleich renoviert mierte Institute of Mechanical Engineers Jahre. Kaum ein Fußballfan, der nicht und in stark veränderter Form. aufgenommen. Vielleicht war es gerade an einem Leitchschen Wellenbrecher ge- Heutige Stadien haben nur noch we- die Referenz dieses ein ussreichen Ver- lehnt hätte. nig mit denen von Archibald Leitch ge- bands, die Leitch vor schwerwiegende- meinsam. Dennoch sähen sie ohne ihn ren Folgen des Ibrox-Desaters feihte. Ein Stadien für 100 Jahre anders aus. So vieles, was jetzt selbstver- unbeschriebenes Blatt war er jedenfalls ständlich ist, geht auf Archibald Leitch schon lange nicht mehr, als die Katastro- 1909 zogen er und seine Familie in ei- zurück. Seine Wellenbrecher etwa, Be- phe sein Fatum bestimmte. Denn den nen reichen Liverpooler Vorort. Das ent- rechnungen optimaler Neigungswinkel Ein Leitch-Klassiker: Sein Mainstand im Ibrox Park von 1929 wurde später auf drei Ränge aufgestockt. Foto: Stadionwelt Rest seines Lebens verbrachte Archibald sprach seinem neuen Stand, der mit der von Tribünen, die Bemessungen von Leitch fast ausschließlich damit, Fußball- Arbeiterklasse nichts mehr gemein hatte. Fluchtwegen und nicht zuletzt Fange- stadien zu entwerfen. Die meisten Archi- Und es bot neue Möglichkeiten. Fast kon- sänge, die erst in der Enge seiner Steh- tekten hätten wohl genau das vermieden, tinuierlich überzog Archie Großbritanni- platztribünen entstanden. Der Leitch-Look aber Leitch machte weiter – wie besessen. en von Norden nach Süden mit seiner Das Erscheinungsbild des britischen Old Trafford in Manchester, An eld in Arbeit. Er graste die Fußballmetropolen Fußballs prägten seine Stadien maß- Die zwölf WM-Arenen sähen anders aus ohne das Lebenswerk eines schottischen Liverpool, Highbury in Arsenal, allesamt jener Zeit einfach ab und baute landauf geblich. Simon Inglis, Leitchs Biograph, Ingenieurs. Lange galt Archibald Leitchs Art, Stadien zu bauen als das Maß aller Dinge. Aufträge in den Folgejahren der Katas- landab Tribünen oder ganze Stadien, die bringt es auf den Punkt: „The Leitch trophe. Rund 50 Stadien in England und häu g eine Nummer zu groß und nicht look was the look.” Das galt für fast 100 Dabei begann seine Karriere mit einer Katastrophe. Schottland sind – zumindest in Teilen selten auch ein wenig teuer gerieten. Al- Jahre.���Andreas Schulte lem Anschein nach war Leitch nicht der s soll ein großer Tag für den Fuß- Zuschauer im weiten Rund versammelt, Boden auf, andere verfangen sich im vorsichtigste Planer – zumindest nicht, ball werden. Alles ist bestens vor- denkt er. Doch beim Anp ff quetschen Tragwerk. Was anschließend passiert, wenn es um die Finanzen ging. Leitch-Stadien Ebereitet, so scheint es. Sogar die sich nur 68.114 Menschen wie die Herin- bleibt unklar. Wohl um der Gefahr zu 1915 siedelte er nach London über. Da � Anfi eld, Liverpool Marschkapelle auf dem Spielfeld des ge auf den – fast ausschließlich aus Steh- entrinnen, drängen viele Besucher nach war Archibald Leitch längst ein gemach- � Ayresome Park, Middlesbrough Glasgower Ibrox Park bläst lauter als plätzen bestehenden – Rängen, mehr vorne. Dabei knicken die wenigen Wel- ter Mann. Er beschäftigte rund 30 Mit- � Craven Cottage, London sonst. Das muss sie auch. Heute, am 5. passen einfach nicht hinein in den Ibrox lenbrecher ein wie Cocktailspieße. Unten arbeiter und verkehrte in den obersten � Dens Park, Dundee April 1902, werden zum Fußballmatch Park. Da ist Leitch schon nicht mehr in am Tribünenrand werden Menschen von Fußballkreisen. Man rühmte seine Mar- � Ewood Park, Blackburn zwischen Schottland und dem „old ene- seiner Loge. Um 14:45 Uhr erspäht er auf den nachrückenden Massen zerquetscht. kenzeichen, ein Giebelchen auf fast jeder �
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