DOCSLIB.ORG

From Russwurm's Courage to Today's Challenges, Black Newspapers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Russwurm's Courage to Today's Challenges, Black Newspapers ST. LOUIS AMERICAN MARCH 14 – 20, 2013 D5 From Russwurm’s courage to today’s challenges, black newspapers press on American Staff Report The St. Louis American was founded in 1928 by a group of Freedom’s Journal, the first several area businessmen, led black newspaper in the United by Judge Nathan Young, States, started as a weekly abo- A.N. Johnson (from litionist journal in 1827. It was Baltimore), and John the result of a meeting of black Procope. Other shareholders leaders in New York City. The were Homer G. Phillips, leaders realized that such a Charles Udell Turpin and publication was important in Richard Kent, owner of the the struggle to unite free St. Louis Stars world champi- blacks in efforts against slav- on Negro baseball team. The ery. Editors Samuel Cornish original masthead in 1928 stat- and John Russwurm advocat- ed the American was “The ed education and stressed the Paper for the Rank and File.” importance of civil rights for N.A. Sweets later changed the free blacks. masthead to say “A newspaper However, Russworm and for all Americans” in 1932, Cornish disagreed on editorial after taking ownership of the policy, and the newspaper, paper. By 1950, there were after it changed its name to actually more than 30 black The Rights of All, only lasted newspapers in the St. Louis until 1829. Other black news- area. papers, most of them similarly During World War II, the short-lived, appeared in New black press faced a dilemma York City, Albany, similar to the one they faced Philadelphia, Pittsburg, and during the Great War. Most Columbus, Ohio. Almost 50 black newspapers supported black newspapers were pub- the war effort, encouraging lished between 1827 and 1861. blacks to enlist and writing Willis Hodges started his stories about the African- own newspaper, the Ram’s American accomplishments on Horn, in New York in 1847 in both the battlefield and the response to the New York’s home front. But, they also crit- Sun’s stance against black vot- icized discrimination in the ing rights – the Sun’s famous armed forces and editorialized motto ‘The Sun shines for all” on the inefficiency of segregat- did not include black men and ed military forces. For women. The Ram’s Horn lasted instance, the Pittsburgh about a year. Enjoying greater Courier instituted the “Double longevity, however, was V” campaign, calling for victo- Frederick Douglass’s newspa- ry overseas against Germany per the North Star, which and Japan as well as victory at appeared in Rochester the home against Jim Crow. Many same year as the Ram’s Horn newspapers joined the popular and lasted, despite financial Frederick Douglass’s newspaper the “North Star,” which started in 1847 in Rochester, lasted until 1860 despite campaign and circulation troubles and a name change, financial troubles and a name change. soared, with the Courier top- until 1860. ping 270,000. Typically, the early black In the late 1940s and early newspapers rarely lasted more Washington. As before, many Trotter criticized the slow founded in 1912 by Joseph E. three other area black papers in 1950s, black newspapers than a year or two for several black newspapers did not last progress in Negro social Mitchell, William Mitchell existence when the Argus was helped lay the groundwork for reasons. First, the target audi- more than a few years – some- advancement in the face of and Nannie Mitchell-Turner. founded, including the St. the Civil Rights Movement. ence, the base population of times, they lasted only a few America’s racist institutions The Argus is considered one of Louis Palladium, which was Ironically, the black press’s educated free blacks, was sel- months—but growing literacy and customs. In the face of Du Missouri’s oldest black busi- published from 1884 to 1912. greatest achievements in this dom large enough to financial- among the readership, a Bois’ and Trotter’s criticism, nesses and one of the oldest in The Central African American ly support a weekly newspa- stronger economic base, more Washington responded with a the country. There were at least went out of business in 1915. See PRESS, D10 per. Second, most of these experienced journalists, and series of short-lived newspa- newspapers ignored the many more concentrated black popu- pers espousing his accommo- literate, but uneducated, free lations all helped to support dationist views. blacks that lived in the North. the successful newspapers. In 1905, Robert S. Abbott A third reason was that the William Monroe Trotter started the Chicago Defender, publishers usually lacked ade- possibly the nation’s most quate funds to weather the dif- important and influential black ficult early years. newspaper of all time. Where Nonetheless, the black press black newspapers had previ- spread westward, as far as ously tended towards a sober Kansas by 1855 with the start tone, Abbott adopted a sensa- of the Kansas Herald of tional style of reporting, mim- Freedom in Lawrence. The icking the yellow journalism of earliest black newspaper on the William Randolph Hearst’s west coast, San Francisco’s newspapers empire. Mirror of the Times appeared Flamboyant stories about the same year. All of them crime and violence, some of protested the lack of civil them allegedly fabricated by rights for blacks in the North Abbott’s writers, attracted a and protested against the inhu- large number of regular read- manity of southern slavery. ers within the black population In 1864, T. Thomas that had seldom before read Fortune founded the New York newspapers. Freeman, which spoke out By 1920, the Defender against lynching. Ida B. Wells, claimed a circulation of almost an editor, teacher and publish- John Russwurm 300,000. More than two-thirds er, accused white capitalists of of the circulation came from killing a black man. Upset by founded the Boston Guardian outside Chicago and the her accusations, whites in 1901. Trotter, a successful Defender enjoyed great popu- destroyed her printing press. businessman who graduated larity in the South. Along with Wells became afraid for her magna cum laude from lurid tales to attract readers, life and fled to England where Harvard, started the paper the Defender also raised she began The Red Record, a because he felt the general awareness with articles on publication that told England advancement of all African lynching, segregation, and about the atrocities occuring in Americans was a vital goal for black achievement. Abbott also America. successful individuals like editorialized on white The Civil War saw the start- himself. hypocrisy and offered advice up of an abundance of black He strongly opposed on the advancement of the newspapers. After the war in Booker T. Washington’s con- race. The newspaper’s most 1865, America suddenly had servative philosophy of accom- famous crusade, “the Great more than 115 black publica- modation and meek acceptance Northern Drive,” started dur- tions. Most of them lasted less of white institutional domi- ing World War I and urged than two years, but, as a larger nance. Trotter felt that southern blacks to move north number of former slaves Washington impeded black to take advantage of war jobs learned to read, formed com- in the northern cities and munities, and became active in At one time there escape southern brutality. political activities, more news- Thousands of blacks, encour- papers took advantage of a were more than 3,000 aged by the Defender and secure financial base to print black newspapers other newspapers, left the successful, long-lived newspa- throughout the country. South and went to northern pers, especially in the 1880s Today there are just industrial cities; this constitut- and 1890s. For example, the ed the largest movement of Colored Tribune of Savannah, over 200 in the people in the nation’s history. Georgia which started in 1875, National Newspaper In 1940, John H. survived until 1960. And, a Publishers Association. Sengstacke, Abbott’s nephew Tennessee newspaper, the and heir, assumed editorial Jackson Index, lasted from control of the Defender and 1870 to 1937. continued to champion for full The last two decades of the progress and hurt African equality. He founded and 19th century experienced an Americans as a group for self- became the first president of explosion in black newspapers ish reasons, mainly the contin- the National Negro Publishers across the nation. More than ued white support for Association, now known as the 500 appeared between 1880 Washington’s Tuskegee National Newspaper Publishers and 1890. In 1902 alone, 101 Institute. Association. (Sengstacke black newspapers started. Trotter’s editorials, often served as publisher of the Further, in the two decades directed against Booker T. Defender until his death in from 1895-1915, over 1,200 Washington, generated spirited 1997). black newspapers served debate among the paper’s read- Locally, Missouri became African Americans nationwide. ership. The conflict turned into the last of the former slave They also appeared in states a full-scale feud, as the states to have a black newspa- that had never had black news- Guardian increased its attacks per. The Negro World was the papers before, from Indiana to on Washington and his first in 1875, followed by St. Colorado to Wisconsin, and as “Tuskegee Machine.” Louis Advance in 1881. far west as Montana, Utah, and Like W.E.B. Du Bois, The St. Louis Argus was.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archival Expert Assignment Sheet
    Melissa Range Lawrence University [email protected] Archival expert assignment sheet This term, you will be in charge of leading one class as the “archival expert.” Your assignment is simple: I want you to read nineteenth century newspapers published by African American editors. Using two of the library’s electronic databases—African American Newspapers and/or Accessible Archives—you will make use of digital archives to provide historical context for the day’s reading. Here’s what to do for prep work, step by step: • On the date you’re signed up to be the archival expert, look at when the writer published their works. (So, for example: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper published Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects in 1855.) • Determine a location that is relevant to the writer, if possible. For Harper, this could be Baltimore (where she grew up), Philadelphia (where she lived and worked as an adult), or Boston (where she frequently lectured). • Now choose a newspaper that is relevant to the date and the location of the poet. If you want to get even more specific, you can (for example, you could look at an abolitionist newspaper for Harper). If you can find one, you can also choose a newspaper where the writer published. • Select an issue of the newspaper and read the whole thing: news, editorials, poetry, even the advertisements. (Be forewarned, the print is tiny and there’s a lot of text.) As you read, make note of anything at all—newspaper poems, news items, even weather—that you feel gives interesting context to the work the class will be discussing.
    [Show full text]
  • By Cassandra Newby-Alexander, Ph.D. Professor of History Norfolk State University
    By Cassandra Newby-Alexander, Ph.D. Professor of History Norfolk State University American Beacon April 24, 1834 American Beacon April 26, 1834 Southern Argus January 10, 1859 Southern Argus, January 24, 1855 Southern Argus, January 15, 1859 Southern Argus January 17, 1859 Southern Argus January 10, 1859 Southern Argus September 15, 1859 Southern Argus, January 17, 1855 Southern Argus March 7, 1855 Southern Argus January 13, 1855 Slavery was prosperous and economically important to the U.S., especially after the invention of the cotton gin In 1860 the South produced 7/8ths of the world's cotton. Cotton represented 57.5% of the value of all U.S. exports. 55% of enslaved people in the United States were employed in cotton production. Cotton Production in the South, 1820–1860 Cotton production expanded westward between 1820 and 1860 into Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and western Tennessee. Source: Sam Bowers Hilliard, Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture (Louisiana State University Press, 1984) pp. 67–71. Ownership of Enslaved people in the South was unevenly distributed 25% of white families owned slaves in 1860 Fell from 36% in 1830 Nearly half of slaveholders owned fewer than five 12% owned more than twenty slaves 1% owned more than fifty slaves Typical slave lived on a sizeable plantation As Pro-Slavery supporters continued to use the law to protect their “property,” Abolitionists employed all manner of strategies to persuade the American public and its leadership to end slavery. One of their first strategies was to unite groups of like- minded individuals to fight as a body.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights and Disability
    Human Rights and Disability The current use and future potential of United Nations human rights instruments in the context of disability Gerard Quinn and Theresia Degener with Anna Bruce, Christine Burke, Dr. Joshua Castellino, Padraic Kenna, Dr. Ursula Kilkelly, Shivaun Quinlivan United Nations New York and Geneva, 2002 ii ________________________________________________________________________ Contents NOTE Symbols of United Nations document are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Nor does the term “national institution” in any way imply conformity with the “Principles relating to the status of national institutions” (General Assembly resolution 48/134 of 20 December 1993, annex). HR/PUB/02/1 Copyright © United Nations 2002 All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely quoted or reproduced or stored in a retrieval system for non-commercial purposes, provided that credit is given and a copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH- 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without the prior permission of the copyright owner if the purpose relates to profit-making ventures.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom's Journal
    Article Freedom’s Journal: The First Step Towards a Collective Black Consciousness Emma Stave Introduction Freedom’s Journal was the first periodical published by free slaves during the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States of America; a statement which in itself points to a subject worthy of notice, especially considering the knowledge most of us possess about the extremely complicated nature of race relations in the United States. Yet, as noted by several scholars including Jacqueline Bacon and Gordon Fraser, who have themselves studied the Freedom’s Journal, this historically significant periodical has practically been completely overlooked in academia as well as in mainstream culture. In researching the periodical, it has become clear to scholars that the periodical has been a forerunner of many of the more generally acknowledged newspapers such as the New York Times, and that it has been pivotal in establishing journalistic conventions, elements of which persists to this day. Some scholars have intensely tried to account for the more historical aspects of Freedom´s Journal, whereas others have emphasized certain aspects of the literature – fiction as well as non-fiction - featured in the periodical. Others still have singled out a particular aspect to focus on such as the method of distribution. In this article, I will attempt to bridge the knowledge presented by various scholars on different aspects of Freedom’s Journal with information that can be obtained by examining the periodical’s contents, by asking the
    [Show full text]
  • Common Patterns in an Uncommon Place: the Civil Rights Movement And
    Common Patterns in an Uncommon Place: The Civil Rights Movement and Persistence of Racial Inequality in Waterloo, Iowa An Honors Project for the Program of Africana Studies By Theresa E. Shirey Bowdoin College, 2014 ©2014 Theresa E. Shirey Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my parents and grandparents for instilling in me a sense of curiosity, community, and equality. Your stories have inspired the one that follows. I also want to thank the individuals whose voices embed reality within this work: Chuck and Gale Quirk, Mary and Dave Dutton, Willie Mae Wright, Bev Smith, Lou Porter, Bob and Judy Brown, Rudy Jones, and Barb Western. Thank you to my advisor, Patrick Rael, for constantly providing feedback and contextualizing my work within that of others, and my committee members, Tess Chakkalakal, Olufemi Vaughan, and Judith Casselberry for reading my work with a critical eye. Thank you to Jennifer Snow, whose diligent support made the illustrative maps of the third chapter possible. A massive thank you to Brian Purnell, without whom I would have never pursued the subject of Africana studies in the first place. Thank you for teaching me to follow my interests, write to my audience, and be true to the story I am telling. Finally, I would like to thank my coaches, friends, and teammates for providing comic relief and perspective throughout the process. Without all of you, none of the following would have been possible. ii Table of Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. A History of the People and Programs of Waterloo’s Civil Rights Period: 9 1950 to 1970 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Roads Lead to San Francisco: Black Californian Networks of Community and the Struggle for Equality, 1849-1877
    All Roads Lead to San Francisco: Black Californian Networks of Community and the Struggle for Equality, 1849-1877 By Eunsun Celeste Han B. A., Seoul National University, 2009 M. A., Brown University, 2010 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Eunsun Celeste Han This dissertation by Eunsun Celeste Han is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Michael Vorenberg, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date Françoise Hamlin, Reader Date Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Date of Birth: April 11, 1986, Junjoo, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea EDUCATION Ph.D., History, May, 2015 Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island M.A., History, May, 2010 Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island B.A., Western History, Feb., 2009 summa cum laude, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea QUALIFYING FIELDS Nineteenth-Century U. S. History African American History Colonial Latin American History PUBLICATIONS Eunsun Celeste Han, “Making a Black Pacific: Black Californians and Transpacific Community Networks in the Mid-Nineteenth Century,” under review at The Journal of African American History (2015). HONORS AND FELLOWSHIPS W. M. Keck Foundation Fellow at the Huntington, July-August, 2013 The Huntington Library, San Marino, California William G. McLoughlin Travel Fund, October, 2012 Brown University Department of History fund for research and conference travels William G.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Characteristic Sentiments from the Writings of William Lloyd Garrison
    I WORDS OF GARRISON S. 6. and £. L. ELBERT fXt^nxUh Int IU4A SMITH I)LBlR!IL _i88_ _ ^S^« ^ KA3?HARINE E, COMAH THE WORDS OF GARRISON THE WORDS OF GARRISON A CENTENNIAL SELECTION (i 805-1 905) OF CHARACTERISTIC SENTIMENTS FROM THE WRITINGS OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH LIST OF PORTRAITS, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 1905 COPYRIGHT 1905 BY WENDELL PHILLIPS GARRISON AND FRANCIS JACKSON GARRISON Published October iqo^ ^ Tour remarks were full of virtue and consolation^ perfect in explanation^ and furnished a rule to live by and to die by. JVe feel fully persuaded that the day cannot be far distant when you will be acknowledged — by the very lips of those who now denounce^ revile^ and persecute you as the vilest and basest of men^ the uprooter of all order country* the destroyer of our s peace^ prosperity^ and hap- piness — to be its firm reliance^ its deliverer^ the very pillar of its future grandeur* Testimonies of the People of Color He cried to every passing Hour to stay^ Lend him strong hands and break the Tyrant^s rods: The heedless Hours went by^ but far away The slumbering Tears woke like avenging gods, Wendell Phillips Stafford ; In a small chamber^ friendless and unseen^ Toiled his types one poor^ unlearned young man The place was dark^ unfurnitured and mean^ Yet there the freedom of a race began. Help came hut slowly surely^ no man yet 'y Put lever to the heavy world with less; What need of help? — He knew how types were set^ He had a dauntless spirit and a press, James Russell Lowell Wherever wrong shall right deny^ Or suffering spirits urge their plea^ Be thine a voice to smite the lie^ A hand to set the captives free! John Greenleaf Whittier « t TO ALL WHO HATE CRUELTY OPPRESSION AND WAR AND BELIEVE IN THE EQUAL RIGHTS AND PERFECTIBILITY OF MANKIND PREFACE The following compilation is derived mainly from the four-volume Life of William Lloyd Garrison written by his children (The Cen- tury Co., New York, 1885, 1889), and now bearing the imprint of Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
    [Show full text]
  • A. the International Bill of Human Rights
    A. THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 PREAMBLE Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be pro- tected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the great- est importance for the full realization
    [Show full text]
  • Articles Early Efforts to Suppress Protest
    ARTICLES EARLY EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS PROTEST: UNWANTED ABOLITIONIST SPEECH KATHERINE HESSLER* Protest beyond the law is not a departure from democracy; it is absolutely essential to it. It is a corrective to the sluggishness of "the proper chan- nels," a way of breaking through passages blocked by tradition and prejudice. It is disruptive and troublesome, but it is a necessary disruption, a healthy troublesomeness.' I. INTRODUCTION Abolitionists were among the earliest citizens in the history of this country to protest government policy. They worked on behalf of slaves who were without legal standing to speak for themselves and brought attention to the evils of the government's support of slavery and the slave trade. The abolitionists spoke 2 strongly against these evils and tried to persuade others to work to end slavery. The state and federal governments went to great lengths to restrict the mes- sage of the abolitionists.3 Abolitionist speech, political speech which would re- ceive First Amendment protection today, was first restricted and later prohibited by the Southern states. Similar attempts to quiet abolitionists were made by the * Assistant Professor at Capital University Law School. I would like to thank Profes- sors Mark Strasser and Don Hughes for their patience and unflagging assistance as well as my research assistant, Monica Drvota. HOWARD ZINN, DECLARATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE, CROSS-EXAMINING AMERICAN IDEOL- oGY 123 (1990). 2 See WILLIAM LEE MILLER, ARGUING AaoUr SLAVERY 508 (1996). The abolitionists' speech was considered dangerous to the preservation of the Union. The Constitution rep- resented a compromise between the interests of the slaveowners and those who wished to end slavery.
    [Show full text]
  • African American Citizens' Councils in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1864 to 1927 Melanie Alicia Adams University of Missouri-St
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri, St. Louis University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 4-29-2014 Advocating For Educational Equity: African American Citizens' Councils in St. Louis, Missouri, From 1864 To 1927 Melanie Alicia Adams University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Adams, Melanie Alicia, "Advocating For Educational Equity: African American Citizens' Councils in St. Louis, Missouri, From 1864 To 1927" (2014). Dissertations. 261. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/261 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ADVOCATING FOR EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: AFRICAN AMERICAN CITIZENS’ COUNCILS IN ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, FROM 1864 TO 1927 by Melanie Alicia Adams B.A., University of Virginia, 1991 M.Ed., University of Vermont, 1993 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in EDUCATION Educational Leadership and Policy Studies May 2014 Advisory Committee Mathew Davis, Ph.D. Chairperson Lynn Beckwith, Jr. Ed.D. Committee Member Carl Hoagland, Ph.D. Committee Member Claude Weathersby, Ph.D. Committee Member Abstract Whether in slavery or in freedom, African Americans understood the important role education played in their quest towards citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Black Newspapers to See History Being Made, Start Here
    Historical Black Newspapers To see history being made, start here. proquest.com To talk to the sales department, contact us at 1-800-779-0137 or [email protected]. Essential primary source content and editorial perspectives of the most distinguished African American newspapers in the U.S. Each of the ten Historical Black Newspapers provides researchers with unprecedented access to perspectives and information that was excluded or marginalized in mainstream sources. The content, including articles, obituaries, photos, editorials, and more, is easily accessible for scholars in the study of the history of race relations, journalism, local and national politics, education, African American studies, and many multidisciplinary subjects. From coverage by the first black White House correspondent and stories on the cultural explosion of the Harlem Renaissance to exposure of, and arguments against, social injustice, these publications reveal history as it was being made, by the people who experienced it. THE NEED FOR NEWS In an era where local news coverage has been on the decline, historical regional papers can transport students and researchers to another time where smaller newspapers served as the informational hub of the community. Stories about neighborhood personalities, town events, city politics, schools, agriculture, commerce and other local business aren’t available anywhere else. Additionally, regional newspapers reveal local perspectives on national and international affairs for insight on how everyday lives are impacted and influenced by the issues and events that dominate the headlines of major metropolitan papers. 72% of researchers use news today A 2017 ProQuest study shows that newspapers are a vital tool in research – they’re used by 72% of researchers and recommended by 80% of researchers who teach.
    [Show full text]
  • Variations in Black Media Coverage of the East St. Louis Race Riot
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Spring 2018 Variations in Black Media Coverage of the East St. Louis Race Riot Angela Rene Womack Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the African American Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Womack, Angela Rene, "Variations in Black Media Coverage of the East St. Louis Race Riot" (2018). MSU Graduate Theses. 3274. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3274 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VARIATIONS IN BLACK MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE EAST ST. LOUIS RACE RIOT A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, History, American Studies By Angela Womack May 2018 Copyright 2018 by Angela Rene Womack ii VARIATIONS IN BLACK MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE EAST ST.
    [Show full text]