Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. uqagZhuang Guoqiang [email protected] Email: 86-10-6284-9156 No.: Fax 86-10-6284-9156, Phone: Ma Anzhou author: *Corresponding c b a Wang Zhou Hanchang of extinction the Authors to lead degradation community matsutake cholomas microbial during offering interactivity, interactivity conservation. community Reduced species microbial ectomycorrhizal This soil plant extinction. of the its and loss T.matsutake to degradation the with leading community to eventually microbial interactions due module, soil community extinction peripheral about T.matsutake reduced small information a of valuable the to mechanisms and module during the interactive state, highlights decreased, central tolerance study community large stress result a a microbial The to from the state it extinction. interactive marginalized of an the species interactivity from investigated ectomycorrhizal switched the we community and matsutake) microbial study, which degradation (Tricholomas the this species community degradation, ectomycorrhizal In microbial during an that between of showed whole. gradient relationship able extinction a the ecosystem the readily as explored through other ecosystems more community and threatening microbial ecosystem of is other soil potentially understanding affects a rates, degradation thus comprehensive in community variation reproduction levels, microbial the how functional high on hampers out and display which carried been compositional components, often has the research members little microbial at very whose The However, stress components. other. ecosystem environmental each the to affect and respond of interact to component components ecosystem a different which as during community, process a is degradation Ecosystem Abstract 2021 9, June 3 2 1 Wang Zhou Hanchang matsutake Tricholomas of extinction lead the degradation to community microbial during interactivity Reduced eerhCnr o c-niomna cecsCieeAaeyo Sciences of Academy Chinese University Sciences Jiangsu Eco-Environmental for Centre Research RCEES colo odadBooia niern,JaguUiest,221 hnin,China Zhenjiang, 212013 University, Jiangsu Engineering, Biological and Food of School eerhCne o c-niomna cecs hns cdm fSine,108 ejn,China Beijing, 100085 Sciences, of Academy Chinese Sciences, Eco-Environmental for Center Research nvriyo hns cdm fSine,104 ejn,China Beijing, 100049 Sciences, of Academy Chinese of University c uqagZhuang Guoqiang , 3 n uqagZhuang Guoqiang and , ,b a, 1 nhuMa Anzhou , nhuMa Anzhou , ,b,* a, ,b * b, a, 2 1 i Guohua Liu , uhaLiu Guohua , ,b a, 1 ioogZhou Xiaorong , 1 ioogZhou Xiaorong , ,b a, 1 u Yin Jun , u Yin Jun , ,b a, 1 uLiang Yu , uLiang Yu , 1 ,b a, Feng , Feng , Tri- Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. coyoria ug r uglmcoe htlv nteitraebtenpatrosadsis n are and soils, and roots plant between interface the in live ecosystem that other microbes on fungal degradation are community fungi microbial scarce. et Ectomycorrhizal of remain Berendsen effects species, 2006, Konopka, ectomycorrhizal the 2006, as exploring (Curtis, such studies degradation components, that However, community and microbial degradation, 2012). of vegetation consequence al., than a earlier Berendsen is occurs 2006, degradation latter Konopka, community the 2006, microbial significant that (Curtis, before plausible detected could succession more is community of is soil microbial stages the or new plants, vegetation established than of and microbes degradation generations that of numerous rate effects through reproduction the passed higher already than much have the (Zhang rather to indirectly, components due ecosystem or Yet, other directly (Zhang 2021). on either itself exerts community, degradation degradation microbial community the community microbial on microbial exert to degradation according soil than rather vegetation gradients, to al. according degradation performed been soil attention has research or increasing related degradation receive community microbial to most to However, begun have related stress degradation Hall anthropogenic ecosystem 2006, and on and (Firestone, climatic research functions under methodology, ecosystem communities mature related microbial increasingly to activity, threat and and community potential diversity (Berendsen a microbial community components is above-ground community ecosystem of microbial & other regulation the (Jansson and of fluctuations cycling, degradation environment nutrient therefore, facing be decomposition, when to community rapidly in microbial adapt role the change can Hall allows composition potentially 2020, which its could Hofmockel, rate, as (Moreno-Mateos component, reproduction stress degradation and one other to richness ecosystem just each responsive high holistic even affect extremely or to and have members interact few, lead that a and components of others al. of degradation of myriad the state a Thus, the contains ways. (Singh ecosystem world complex An the in biodiversity the around 2020). degrade ecosystems Hofmockel, to threatening terrestrial & are activity of human services and change and climate to due stresses Environmental Introduction conservation. species of ectomycorrhizal mechanisms plant words: the the highlights Key and study degradation This community microbial extinction. and soil its decreased, about to community leading microbial eventually the module, T.matsutake of peripheral interactivity small the interactive a which an to from with during interactions switched ex- state, community community species reduced tolerance microbial the ectomycorrhizal stress the and degradation, a degradation during to community that soil state showed a microbial result in between ( The variation species relationship the tinction. ectomycorrhizal the investigated an the we explored of study, hampers and gradient this which ) extinction In components, the functional whole. ecosystem through and car- a community other compositional as been microbial affects ecosystems has the degradation research of community at little understanding microbial stress very comprehensive how However, environmental repro- on to components. high out ecosystem each display respond ried other often to affect threatening members able and potentially whose readily interact thus ecosystem levels, the more components of is ecosystem component rates, different a duction as which community, during microbial The process other. a is degradation Ecosystem Abstract [email protected] Email: 86-10-6284-9613 No.: Fax 86-10-6284-9613, Phone: 00 Cheng 2010, , 01.Aogeoytmcmoet,temcoilcmuiyi nqe nteoehn,its hand, one the On unique. is community microbial the components, ecosystem Among 2021). , xicindet h oso olmcoilcmuiyitrciiy ffrn aubeinformation valuable offering interactivity, community microbial soil of loss the to due extinction irba omnt,dgaain ewr,interactivity, network, degradation, community, microbial tal. et tal. et tal. et 01.Teesuishv lomil oue nteeet htvgtto or vegetation that effects the on focused mainly also have studies These 2021). , 2018). , 08.O h te ad h irba omnt ly nirreplaceable an plays community microbial the hand, other the On 2018). , T.matsutake tal. et 02.ihrsn wrns fteiprac fthe of importance the of awareness rising 2012).With , 2 agnlzdi rmalrecnrlitrciemodule interactive central large a from it marginalized tal. et 00 e&Ahe,21,Jansson 2013, Ashley, & De 2010, , rcooa matsutake Tricholomas tal. et tal. et rcooa matsutake Tricholomas tal. et 00 Cheng 2010, , 00 Cheng 2020, , 02.Tu,it Thus, 2012). , tal. et et et , Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nEZNA e xrcinKt(mg,UA.Sqecn irre eegnrtduigteNEBNext(r) using the purified using were generated Gene- were products the libraries to PCR Sequencing according pooled USA). ratios (Omega, the equimolar Kit and in Extraction mixed SynGene), Gel were E.Z.N.A. 4.03.05.0, products an (Version PCR Software region. 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(Fig. 2019 9, August on rwhhdbe bevdfroe he er.Over years. three over for observed been had growth eecletdadcniee sundegraded as considered and collected were .matsutake T. TM T.matsutake PNkt(PBoeias,fol- Biomedicals), (MP kit SPIN tal. et htddntfutta year, that fruit not did that 00.Tkn h poten- the Taking 2000). , xicingain and gradient extinction Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. tebceilpyu ihtehgetR)icesdfo 19 U)t 16 D) n hndecreased then and (DI), 31.6% communities. to soil (UD) respective 21.9% also of from the RA were increased in The trends RA) (DD) B). Similar highest fungal and 13.6% of the S3A to respectively. (RA) with (Fig. abundances communities, phylum relative communities lowest the fungal bacterial among were in observed (the and only values Variations were index by bacterial S2). were populations Shannon for increased differ soils bacterial (Fig. The metrics UD and 0.72 TP significantly soils. equitability from and DI and and not communities richness in 2.03 TN, fungal for did 1.60 at observed and TC, and contents bacterial soils, content 2.77 while the nitrate to DD ammonia of soils, increased and in indices but UD for respectively, Shannon TN 0.97, in was The and than soils. increase respectively. 2.28 soils DI prominent 0.5-fold, and DD UD most and in between significantly The 2.0-, higher pH and times 1.0-, nitrate, 42 S1). approximately ammonia, nearly (Table TP, was TN, status TC, that degradation of contents with The increased properties. community microbial and degradation during of properties degradation biotic The and abiotic soil basic in Variation with suite. conducted software all SPSS Results the were in groups), matrix orthologous conducted correlation were of a extractions COG-cluster Factor using functional tests, http://www.magichand.online/h5-BioCloud-site/#/. gene-based database (LEfSe) platform rRNA the Size online 16S Effect the to and rich- of analysis distances, comparison of abundances Bray-Curtis discriminant Calculations (by relative on Linear predictions based the to method. (PCoA) Kruskal-Wallis addition in analysis the in coordinates differences soil equitability, using principal three and addition, evaluated the index, were In among Shannon modules indices ness, tests. gene diversity ANOVA Zi functional and Zhou, one-way and of properties & (Xie using OTUs criteria soil 3.3.0 (Deng measured basic the Cytoscape matrix were in on using correlation types differences visualized based Spearman significant were determined the Statistically sub-networks and were to 2020). network applied connectors constructed were and The intervals hubs respectively. rang- 0.01 values Module over (MENA, threshold 0.99 and pipeline used, 2015). to analysis was network 0.01 0.88–0.89 ecological of from threshold molecular ing cutoff the A to protocols. according http://ieg2.ou.edu/MENA/) conducted were (OTUs). analyses Sequences Network units sequences. on taxonomic clean control operational quality paired-end into obtain clustered perform analyses were to to Bioinformatic similarity (-W4-M20) again nucleotide window used 97% same sequences sliding then than merged the a was The more of using 0.14.1) with end region. data (version overlap opposite Fastp sequence the the raw in from sequences. allowed the generated raw being reads mismatches as 5 then from identified overlap of were (-W4- were maximum of reads window a bp clean sliding with 16 fragment Paired-end a least DNA using at program. data requiring software included sequence cutadapt -fastq criteria raw the usearch the using the removed of using control also merged were quality Primers for used M20). was 0.14.1) (version Fastp analyses bioinformatics and preprocessing data Sequence (fungal PRJNA690169 and under library), Archive library). stage-FDI unde- Read stage-FDD degrading (fungal degraded Sequence (fungal PRJNA690207 degrad- PRJNA690181 NCBI library), library), (bacterial stage-BDD the stage-FUD PRJNA690166 degraded in graded (bacterial library), available PRJNA690139 stage-BUD are library), undegraded stage-BDI study ing (bacterial this PRJNA687558 in accessions generated Guangzhou, the data Ltd., Nova6000 sequencing Co., Illumina raw Biotechnology an The Magigene on flu- (Guangdong sequenced 2.0 reads then Qubit@ paired-end was a bp library with China). 250 manufacturer’s The assessed following generate was USA). USA) to quality MA, MA, platform Library Scientific, Biolabs, Fisher England added. (Thermo (New were orometer Illumina(r) adapters for indexing Kit and Prep recommendations, Library DNA II Ultra .matsutake T. egpiscmadbsdo vra ewe ardedras Merging reads. paired-end between overlap on based command mergepairs aia a copne ysgicn aito nsi physico-chemical soil in variation significant by accompanied was habitat Acidobacteria 4 A infiatyicesdt shg as high as to increased significantly RAs > . n Pi and 2.5 α- Proteobacteria > tal. et 0.625, , Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. uglfna neatoswslws nteD ewr 10)cmae o17 n .5i h Dand UD the in 1.85 and of 1.72 p/n 0.82 to The (DD). compared to 1.08 (1.07) (UD) to network 1.18 DD nearly (UD) DI and from were 0.89 the UD networks decreased from in the increased DD interactions lowest than interactions and bacterial-fungal was interactions bacterial-bacterial DI, of interactions negative of of fungal-fungal UD, p/n p/n ratio the the the higher However, while in 2B). slightly (DD), 3A). (p/n) Fig. a interactions and had (Fig. 2A negative network networks (Fig. DI to hub state the positive module focused interaction while total single intra-module the equivalent, that an of a indicating to only ratios DD, state and The to focused connec- connectors UD inter-module network fungal from no an two increased UD from had connectors hubs/connectors and shifted network The module bacterial hubs types DD of two module 2). ratio the twelve and The and contained (Fig. FOTU7) (BOTU37). FOTU1160), network degradation and and DI during (FOTU1608 BOTU99 the varied tors while BOTU257, network BOTU2394), (BOTU79, the and the hubs in (BOTU175 indicated interactions module test of four mantel state contained a and addition, form In The reasonable. ( were networks 2015). random networks and Zhou, empirical communicate network the to empirical decreased & ability the that (trans) (Deng between decreased transitivity differences potentially The members significant a of gradient, network 2015). reflecting presence degradation gradient, Zhou, among the the & across cooperate across (Deng (DD) decreased modules and 0.241 observations network smaller to These the of (UD) number in (DD). 0.506 the from modules 0.572 in unit to increase of (UD) the the an proportion while 0.231 with 2015). not size (DD), from Zhou, the 0.112 is degree & increased to that average (Deng (CE) it (UD) indicate density the centrality 0.192 interaction although eigenvector from gradient, lower decreased of (1,414), a degradation (avgCC) indicating centralization the interactions coefficient (DD), clustering Across and 1.63 average to the types. (1,280) demonstrated Furthermore, (UD) soil 3.54 nodes S2) three from (Table most decreased the parameters (avgK) the among topological network exhibited network interactive networks The most soil communities. DI DI that for observed the was interaction along network community T.matsutake interactive less of with become RAs interactions (Fig.1). networks The and DD Microbial degradation soils. in during lower UD variation in as dynamics- network levels predicted and community of also Microbial dynamics-related 77.5% were structure only and modules chromatin were structure gene was replication-related soils chromatin metabolite-related DD of decrement with cofactor in RAs associated largest and RA predicted decreases the the the largest contrast, modules motility DD, the and In gene to with defense 1). modules, of UD RAs gene (Fig. from to predicted related DD The decreased in increasing soils. higher modules abundances, UD also gene to were increased compared modules soils largest related while gene DD enhanced, the modules related the were in predicted exhibited acids) higher amino fewer stress 25% modules and approximately exhibited lipids, to gene carbohydrates, also related (i.e., metabolite-related the but modules metabolites carbohydrate In basic UD, gene to and metabolism. related predicted modules cofactor DI of gene and in number reproduction, than greater interaction, a metabolism to exhibited basic DD and gradients. in resistance degradation community two other microbial the of The RAs to the compared Only soils S3D). DD in (Fig. soils enriched degraded in prominence ( decreasing that higher of indicated significantly dominance analysis decreasing were LEfSe the of which highlighting RA dominant respectively) soils, RAs The The DD the 33.6%, Furthermore, and soils. soils. (18.8% DD soils. DD soils in DD 7.5% in DI to 6.7% in soils to by soils UD replaced UD in was in 4.2% 28.1% from from increased decreased fungi “other” of of RAs The of of RAs RAs The the soils. DD in 62.7% Eurotiales Actinobacteria , Thelephorales, Atheliales T.matsutake lodcesdfo 69 nU ol o44 nD soils. DD in 4.4% to soils UD in 16.9% from decreased also 7.%R nD soils). DD in RA (73.3% and T.matsutake β- Proteobacteria Hypocreales ntefna omnt erae rm4%i Dsist .%in 1.6% to soils UD in 41% from decreased community fungal the in a h oterce ersnaieseisi Dsis with soils, UD in species representative enriched most the was xiie iia elnn trends. declining similar exhibited erae rm1.%i Dsist .%i Dsis while soils, DD in 1.1% to soils UD in 17.7% from decreased T.matsutake T.matsutake Sebacinales 5 .matsutake T. uigtedgaainpoes(i.S3C). (Fig. process degradation the during and erdto rdet lhuhtelargest the although gradient, degradation ioem olivaceum Piloderma Russulales Agaricales erddhbtt,teRsof RAs the habitats, degraded p xiie h ihs RAs highest the exhibited < 4.%R)o Dsoils UD of RA) (41.5% Helotiales .5 hni Dand UD in than 0.05) p < eesignificantly were .5,suggesting 0.05), A slightly RAs Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. oepesagetnme fbscmtblt eae eet nuesria Dmr oe 02 Malik 2012, Gore, & (Damore survival ensure to gene achieve related pathways, metabolite were entire basic network of for & number (Damore the proteins great metabolites in a and intermediate express of members enzymes exchange communityto UD, synthesis the microbial Malik through under the in rate 2012, that back reproduction Gore, decrease indicate scaling and the acquisition by This energy with energy abundance high coincided relative S2). conserve which the the Table to in in metabolism, and able increase decrease basic Fig.2B protein and the to interaction (Fig.1, by tolerance related microbial interactivity shown stress to modules as related synthesis gene degradation modules to of during gene (Malik energy cooperation of stressor(s) (Malik abundance metabolite extra the relative reproduction lost expend community overcome for microbes microbial energy to pressure the less stresses, under efficiency leaving was acidic utilization thus, community facing energy and, microbial When indicated reduced This members 2018). (Fig.1). its metabolite, reproduction basic that 2020). and and (Orrock, resistance such interaction stress species on on filtering more less focused decreases, functions and niches microbial degradation, of during number that found the We that extent between an relationship to the altered Thus, be to likely (Seaton more species new harbor could (Pedersen (Li community by manner stresses degradation heterogeneous in by community variation triggered microbial is significant describe dation by to accompanied error was potential degradation community microbial composition, study, degradation this community In microbial soil of properties The 4.1 and properties soil between observed and Discussion was diversity community relationship negative between weak observed a was the while relationship for and positive metrics structure to community composition weak relationships between and a relationship diversity linear the the weak for to exhibited observed addition was communities in fungal properties soil and of bacterial correlations However, 4). ( (Fig. 0.909 as between high observed as was relationship extinction peripheral indicated linear T.matsutake change strong small to A This a interactivity network. community to DD microbial interactions, the of tight in contribution had modules The with that and interactions network nodes functional other UD of with the loss interactions the in few module had central that module large a from moving interac- of with had RAs interactions location irreplaceable longer increased the and no intimate Thus, exhibited have they may bacterial) once they that were fitness indicating their (80% dominance, improved OTUs they associated that communities with positively UD indicating tions the gradient, the to degradation of compared the communities half along DD However, with the 3C). in associated RAs directly lower (Fig. significantly were had that that OTUs OTUs interacting gradient. of degradation RAs compared the the interactions along Furthermore, (Fig. fungal network network of the DD importance of in the relative proportion in interactions decreasing the 31.33% bacterial potential while to to the network, network fungal-fungal DD indicates UD observation the of the This in in proportion 24.31% 3B). 26.01% the to from but network bacterial-fungal increased networks, UD of interactions the three proportion bacterial-bacterial in transitioned the The 28.18% fungi among degradation. from similar and during decreased was interactions state bacterial interactions competitive between total more interactions to a indicated to interactions cooperative This more 3A). a from (Fig. respectively networks, DD T.matsutake α- iest n ucin.The functions. and diversity tal. et p < T.matsutake .5,frhripiaigteiflec fntokitrcin on interactions network of influence the implicating further 0.05), nyBT4 n OU0 xiie erae A ihtels of loss the with RAs decreased exhibited FOTU304 and BOTU43 Only . 08.Teboe eaoiecoeainudrsrs odtosfre members forced conditions stress under cooperation metabolite broken The 2018). , α- iest n erdto aisfo h xet(rsae fdegradation. of stage) (or extent the from varies degradation and diversity tal. et ntentok eaemriaie sdgaainicesd(i.2B), (Fig. increased degradation as marginalized became networks the in tal. et tal. et T.matsutake 05 Jian 2015, , 00.Hwvr ihicesn erdto,si rprisare properties soil degradation, increasing with However, 2020). , 03,wihatr olpoete nasailyadtemporally and spatially a in properties soil alters which 2013), , α- iest oeadte erae gi,wihidctdthe indicated which again, decreased then and rose diversity T.matsutake tal. et uighbttdegradation. habitat during 6 tal. et 08 Li 2018, , 08.Frhr u eut upre that supported results our Further, 2018). , A n ewr tutrs ihR with structures, network and RAs α- T.matsutake T.matsutake iest sapoy(i.S) Degra- S2). 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Data may be preliminary. etrmdl oaprpea oueadrdcdisitrcin,laigt t xicin h extinction term The long potential extinction. a is its and to ecosystem leading the impacts interactions, functions directly its community signal microbial reduced and of marginalized and degradation metabolite interactivity the module by where decreased peripheral caused state a The interactive to an state. module center from tolerance switch stress a of to and degradation predominated diversity, the and during composition community, in microbial nutrient the in summary, assisting In by (Gill plant environment host local the the (Liang inhabit of disease dominance and (Gill the stress plant maintaining T.matsutake against keystone for defense the helpful and of were uptake species open competitors ectomycorrhizal replace the an functionally the its between became could As and that it trade-offs groups Thus, competitors. other by any 2019). its stability Pinsky, possessed community and 1981, functional the 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that highly found within potentially We one are that species. peripheral that a for to survival module of processes cost ecological the certain increases of rates the al. enhancing Cui et of 2018, capable Watkin, been & have degradation, (Corbett may during that decreased (Fig.3C) community interactions microbial ative soil the within Kondoh, interactivity & As (Mougi interactions negative or positive species as and appeared and stability 2012). tolerance, community stress immune, to metabolism, contributor Hale in 2012, important Kondoh, an & are (Mougi diversity members community among extinction Interactions T.matsutake to to lead able rather interactivity Reduced together better redundancy 2006). interacting 4.2 or (Curtis, functional is working present and diversity, who’s simple function, understand richness simple As to is single high meaningful than who a extremely more than 2015). is rather to the it interactivity, community, linked to Zhou, microbial be Due the & the to of that (Deng degradation. likely community functions support more microbial different are result indicate module of our same decoupling above, the indicates discussed within interaction Galloway members inter-module 1996, since Osborn, 2B), decreasing & Fig. (Taylor and functions 2A respective & oxidization (Taylor their ammonia soil between as the decoupling such al. of to functions ecosystem indicator release various potential carbon the (Galloway in a organic of role for fixation. larger ratio force nitrogen a interaction play driving and role positive bacteria important main the while an the play 1996), since contribute fungi Osborn, bacteria, nature, and In and degradation (Fig.3A). litter bacteria gradient degradation in or the over fungi decreased and consistently former fungi between than bacteria al. et tal. et 04 Kuypers 2004, , 08,adee loigteceitneo eti pce (Cai species certain of coexistence the allowing even and 2018), , 08.W on h niie eaoiecoeainocre oefeunl ewe ug and 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All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. alwyJ,Dnee J aoeD,ByrE,HwrhR,Sizne P se P lvln CC, Cleveland GP, Asner SP, Seitzinger (2004) RW, Climate EA Howarth Holland Soil EW, Boyer & to PA DG, Function Green Capone FJ, and Dentener Composition JN, Galloway Community Microbial of Response Change. (2006) MPWK Firestone Tools, communities. MA. and Boston, microbial Databases US, Methods, of Basics, network Springer ecological Metagenomes: 504-510. and Molecular Genomes (2015) Genes, change. 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Key 41673082, the Tibetan National and Second 2018YFA0901200); the the (2016YFC0502104, by 2019QZKK0307); supported (2019QZKK0402, was work This conservation communities. comprehensive above-ground improved Acknowledgements and for allow below- properties, will both community degradation, target species community microbial that microbial stress, microbial measures the on among for and of relationships conservation extent mechanism on highlights the the focusing the of and study studies and understanding future This For an degradation interactivity. community, reduced community food-web. microbial the microbial the is degradation of and during characteristic activity extinction key rhizosphere the through biodiversity that aboveground to threat hn ,GoM hn ,Ln ,W iX(01 ffcso itrac oms icut nsoil on biocrusts moss to disturbance of Effects (2021) X China. southwest Li in & landscapes karst Y Biochemistry degraded Wu and in M, communities Biology microbial Long and Y, activities, enzyme Zhang nutrients, M, Gao C, Cheng irba Ecology Microbial 39 aueCommunications Nature 5-2 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA18013 :50-52. 4 17 11.https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00265 :1-16. 11 7-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.04.001 478-486. : 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(79)90087-7 119-126. : 152 52 1-2.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3 716-724. : 005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108065 108065. : irgnCce:Ps,Peet n Future and Present, Past, Cycles: Nitrogen 11 40 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19154-5 5470. : h cec fteTtlEnvironment Total the of Science The 8 aueRvesMicrobiology Reviews Nature rnir nmicrobiology in Frontiers ora fTertclBiology Theoretical of Journal oa otclua Society. 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Zhang in relevance Hengduan socioeconomic the high (2017) in of Li Shuhong dynamics mushroom & vegetation Zhang Chunxiang the Yu, Fuqiang drives Wang, Yun activity? What human (2020) or M Tong change & Climate https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106013 Y China: Wang southwest D, region, Zheng Mountain E, Dai L, Yin ny -ucinukon -elccecnrl eldvso,crmsm attoig T-post-translational partitioning, chromosome prediction division, function cell Q-general control, mechanisms, cycle P-defense S-cell motility, unknown, bio- O-cell R-function metabolite only, catabolism, bioge- N-secondary modification, metabolism, and envelope and and or transport, processing transport M-RNA synthesis, membrane metabolism, K-coenzyme or and mechanisms, transport wall ion transduction H-cell L-inorganic J-signal vesicular G-transcription, structures, and and metabolism, I-extracellular secretion, transport and nesis, trafficking, C-nucleotide transport E-intracellular metabolism, F-lipid metabolism, and transport, and transport transport acid D-carbohydrate B-amino metabolism, conversion, and production (p A-energy groups between differences cant 1 Fig. Caption Figure L soils. Shen Y, Deng J, Zhou rcooamatsutake Tricholoma auecommunications Nature h eaieaudne fgn oue.Teltesa ,adcidct ttsial signifi- statistically indicate c and b, a, letters The modules. gene of abundances relative The . olBooyadBiochemistry and Biology Soil niomn International Environment 116 90 aueRvesMicrobiology Reviews Nature tal. et , 47 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822091116 2407. : nChina. in 4-6.https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(95)00086-0 249-262. : aueRvesMicrobiology Reviews Nature 7 21)Tmeauemdae otnna-cl iest fmcoe nforest in microbes of diversity continental-scale mediates Temperature (2016) 12083. : caEui Fungi Edulis Acta < .5.Fntoa oue orsodt h olwn designations: following the to correspond modules Functional 0.05). olBooyadBiochemistry and Biology Soil https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12083 140 42 074 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105764 105764. : 5-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.004 850-859. : 10 8 eit eiaad micolog´ıa de mexicana Revista . olBooyadBiochemistry and Biology Soil 7-9.https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.17004 779-790. : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00508-1 . rcooamatsutake Tricholoma clgclIndicators Ecological 90 2-3.https://doi.org/ 122-138. : rceig fteNational the of Proceedings ora fPatEcology Plant of Journal 46 neil mycorrhizal edible an : 55-61. : 144 eiwo Palaeo- of Review 076 htt- 107766. : 112 106013. : 2 Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. 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Data may be preliminary. rmtentokidcsag,agC n rn hddaesso 5 ofiec intervals. confidence values 95% the show of areas comprised Shaded was was Tran. structure structure and network Community values, avgCC, while counterparts. avgK, index PCoAs, fungal indices fungal Shannon network and respective and the bacterial the richness, the from equitability, indicate of bacterial FS PC1 from indicate and extracted BS FR, positively and FE, were that BR, while components respectively, BE, indicate extraction. arrows Upward to structures. related network community and structure, nity (p that 4. groups OTUs Fig. among of differences abundances significant relative statistically the indicates in interactions *** variation 0.001). positive T.matsutake, shows inferred Fig.3C with indicates OTUs. interacted B+F fungal originally wherein respectively, and nodes, OTUs B respectively. fungal bacterial interactions, and between negative and bacterial positive indicate the indicate across F - types and interaction and different + of gradient. abundances degradation relative habitat the T.matsutake shows Fig.3B interactions. negative visualization to Several better positive respectively. for allow interactions, 3 to negative figure Fig. the and circles in T.matsutake included positive green network. of not and show stage’s are location each OTUs, marginalized lines the of highly bacterial green and were show networks on that and circles shown modules soil Yellow yellow smaller are of T.matsutake, OTUs. level modularity show phylum fungal the circles the shows show Blue at Fig.2B networks. identities panels. the node the within connector of and side hub right Zi module the with The nodes hubs. The network types. considered Pi soil with three the nodes for and connectors and hubs module 2 interaction- Fig. (blue), yellow), other (dark (brown), functions. metabolism-related resistance-related modules (green) basic The environmental reproduction-related V). (yellow), including and and groups metabolite-related I (M, cofactor general groups (gray), six across related RAs into ratios low relative characterized very their with be visualize modules better can Gene to biogenesis. times and 10–1000 struc- structure, amplified V-chromatin ribosomal were repair, W-translation, and and dynamics, recombination and U-replication, ture chaperones, and turnover, protein modification, motn oe n oue ihntesi irba ewrs i.Asosteiett fthe of identity the shows Fig.2A networks. microbial soil the within modules and nodes Important . h ierrltosisbetween relationships linear The h neatosaditrcieOU soitdwt .astk.Fg3 hw h ai of ratio the shows Fig.3A T.matsutake. with associated OTUs interactive and interactions The . > .2 eecniee oncos hl oe ihbt Zi both with nodes while connectors, considered were 0.625 T.matsutake 11 A n olpoete,cmuiydvriy commu- diversity, community properties, soil and RAs > . eecniee ouehubs, module considered were 2.5 > . n Pi and 2.5 > .2 were 0.625 < Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12 Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 13 Posted on Authorea 9 Jun 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162323451.18834436/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 14