DOCSLIB.ORG

Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation antioxidants Review Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation Andrea Deledda 1 , Giuseppe Annunziata 2,* , Gian Carlo Tenore 2 , Vanessa Palmas 3, Aldo Manzin 3 and Fernanda Velluzzi 1 1 Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Via Ospedale 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (F.V.) 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 3 Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; [email protected] (V.P.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-340-001-6504 Abstract: It is generally accepted that gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity are linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic/non-communicable pathological condi- tions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing-related disorders. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Evidence suggests that the global dietary patterns may represent a tool in counteracting oxidative stress, thus preventing the onset of diseases related to oxidative stress. More specifically, dietary patterns based on the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables Citation: Deledda, A.; Annunziata, (i.e., Mediterranean diet) have been licensed by various national nutritional guidelines in many G.; Tenore, G.C.; Palmas, V.; Manzin, countries for their health-promoting effects. Such patterns, indeed, result in being rich in specific A.; Velluzzi, F. Diet-Derived components, such as fiber, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, whose beneficial effects on human Antioxidants and Their Role in health have been widely reported. This suggests a potential nutraceutical power of specific dietary Inflammation, Obesity and Gut components. In this manuscript, we summarize the most relevant evidence reporting the impact of Microbiota Modulation. Antioxidants dietary antioxidants on gut microbiota composition, inflammation and obesity, and we underline 2021, 10, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ that antioxidants are implicated in a complex interplay between gut microbiota, inflammation and antiox10050708 obesity, thus suggesting their possible role in the development and modulation of chronic diseases Academic Editors: Gianluca Rizzo related to oxidative stress and in the maintenance of wellness. Do all roads lead to Rome? and Mauro Lombardo Keywords: inflammation; obesity; gut microbiota; oxidative stress; antioxidants; polyphenols; Received: 30 March 2021 ageing; nutraceutical Accepted: 25 April 2021 Published: 29 April 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral 1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Vegetables, particularly if they do not receive chemical/technological treatments, con- published maps and institutional affil- tain large amounts of substances with antioxidant properties that are capable of reducing iations. the negative effects of the redox processes which each cell undergoes due to its biochemical reactions. Therefore, vegetable-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet [1], DASH [2] or even more restrictive ones such as vegetarian and vegan diets [3], are able to bring greater quantities of these substances than more common ones, such as the so called “cafeteria Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. diet” or a Western diet often undertaken by most people. The aforementioned diets could Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. be characterized by the presence of vegetable-derived foods which have lost some of their This article is an open access article antioxidant properties and are rich in “empty” calories due to their refined/industrially distributed under the terms and modified form; moreover, the excess of animal-derived foods is linked to microbial al- conditions of the Creative Commons terations and the production of inflammatory metabolites (TMAO), contributing to the Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// increased risk of obesity and so-called non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ diabetes, osteoarthritis, asthma, etc.) [4–6]. Processed food is also a source of additives 4.0/). Antioxidants 2021, 10, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050708 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants Antioxidants 2021, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 22 Antioxidants 2021, 10, 708 2 of 22 (TMAO), contributing to the increased risk of obesity and so-called non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoarthritis, asthma, etc.) [4–6]. Processed food is also a source of additives that have a negative effect on the intestine, microbiota, that have a negative effect on the intestine, microbiota, liver and nervous system, mainly becauseliver and of nervous oxidative system, stress mainly [7]. because of oxidative stress [7]. Fruits and vegetables are characterizedcharacterized byby lowlow caloriecalorie densitydensity andand areare highhigh inin micromicro nutrients [[8].8]. Diet, dietarydietary antioxidants,antioxidants, inflammation inflammation and and body body composition composition (obesity) (obesity) are are strictly strictly in- terwoveninterwoven with with reciprocal–bidirectional reciprocal–bidirectional relations relations that that reflect reflect on the on overall the overall health health condition con- (Figuredition (Figure1). 1). Figure 1. Central role of antioxidants-rich diets in the interplay between microbiota, inflammation Figure 1. Central role of antioxidants-rich diets in the interplay between microbiota, inflammation and obesity. and obesity. One of the great debates within nutrition concerns whether including animal foods is One of the great debates within nutrition concerns whether including animal foods necessary or suitable for health purposes [9]. is necessaryRecently or the suitable debate for has health been thepurposes subject [9]. of a publication which reported the different opinionsRecently on the the matter. debate Many has been agreed the on subject the fact of thata publication vegetable-based which dietsreported are associatedthe differ- withent opinions a lower bodyon the weight matter. and Many reduced agreed risk on of the diabetes; fact that saturated vegetable-based fats and heme diets iron, are asso- typi- callyciated present with a in lower animal-derived body weight food, and can reduced be particularly risk of diabetes; harmful tosaturated part of thefats population; and heme however,iron, typically care mustpresent be in taken animal-derived of foods’ quality food, and can their be particularly culinary use harmful must be to supervised part of the inpopulation; order not however, to lose nutrients care must and, be most taken importantly, of foods’ quality not to and reduce their the culinary income use of essential must be micro-supervised and macronutrients,in order not to lose regardless nutrients of and, the diet most type importantly, [9]. not to reduce the income of essentialIt is strongly micro- advised and macronutrients that vegetables, regardless be unprocessed; of the diet therefore, type [9]. whole grains, tubers, legumes,It is fruitsstrongly and advised nuts are that recommended. vegetables be Moreover, unprocessed; the use therefore, of proteins whole of plant grains, origin tu- hasbers, recently legumes, been fruits linked and to nuts a lower are incidencerecommended. of chronic Moreover diseases, the and use lower of proteins mortality of [10 plant]. It isorigin widely has reported recently that been polyphenols, linked to a alower large incidence family of phytochemicalsof chronic diseases mainly and coming lower frommor- plant-basedtality [10]. It foods, is widely possess reported numerous that beneficial polyphenols, biological a large activities family and of theirphytochemicals prolonged intakemainly exerts coming protective from plant-based effects on foods, health possess [11]. On numerous this issue, beneficial a recent biological systematic activities review documentedand their prolonged an inverse intake association exerts protective between polyphenolseffects on health or flavonoids [11]. On this intake issue, and a riskrecent of diabetes,systematic cardiovascular review documented diseases an and inverse mortality, association reporting between also several polyphenols promising or effectsflavo- onnoids age-related intake and diseases, risk of but diabetes, no effects cardiovascular on various types diseases of cancer. and mortality, Regarding reporting subclasses also of polyphenols,several promising a wide effects range on of age-related flavonoids, diseases, including but flavonols, no effects anthocyanidins, on various types proantho- of can- cyanidins,cer. Regarding flavones, subclasses flavanones of polyphenols, and flavan-3-ols, a wide have range been of shown flavon tooids, be linked including to reduced flavo- cardiovascularnols, anthocyanidins, events andproanthocyanidins, total mortality, but, flavones, due to the flavanones heterogeneity and offlavan-3-ols, studies, data have are stillbeen conflicting shown to be and linked not definitive to reduced about cardiovascul the optimalar events dietary and intake total mortality, of these compounds. but, due to Nevertheless,the heterogeneity a polyphenol-rich of studies, data dietary are still pattern conflicting should and be not recommended definitive about
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Few Notes Hematopoiesis Innate Vs. Adaptive Immunity Main Stages
    Molecular Disease Mechanisms 1 Molecular Disease Mechanisms 2 Adaptive Immunity A Few Notes Hematopoiesis Molecular Disease Mechanisms 3 Adaptive Immunity Molecular Disease Mechanisms 4 Adaptive Immunity Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity Cardinal Features of Adaptive Immune Response Main Stages of B Cell Development 2 Antwort 1 Antwort • production of 1011 cells per day Hi there, fellow biologist! I made these cards for the exam of the spring semester 2018 and thought I could improve my karma a bit by sharing them. They are probably not com- plete/won't entirely cover the next iteration of the course but they should be hella helpful. If you are wondering how i made these beauties, it's all made with LATEX- which I would highly recommend you to take a look at. And if you want to expand or change them or just for telling me what a wonderful person I am for sharing my hard work, send me an email at [email protected] and I'll send you the original LATEXfiles Cheers and best of luck, Pia PS: They have a lot of typos, sue me. 4 Antwort 3 Antwort • Specificity: mediated by specific receptors expressed on B cells (BcR) and Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity T cells (TcR) lag time between exposure and max- immediate response (min, h) imal response (+/- 7 days) • Diversity: B and T cell receptors have great variability due to DNA rear- limited specificity - can distinguish highly antigen-specific rangements between different types of pathogens exposure results in no immunologic exposure results in immunologic • Clonal Expansion: B and T cells that recognize
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Nicotine on Homeostatic and Hedonic Components of Food Intake
    235 1 A STOJAKOVIC and others Nicotine and energy 235:1 R13–R31 Review homeostasis Effects of nicotine on homeostatic and hedonic components of food intake Andrea Stojakovic1,2, Enma P Espinosa1,3, Osman T Farhad1 and Kabirullah Lutfy1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, Correspondence California, USA should be addressed 2Mitochondrial Neurobiology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA to K Lutfy 3Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinica Biochemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador Email [email protected] Abstract Chronic tobacco use leads to nicotine addiction that is characterized by exaggerated Key Words urges to use the drug despite the accompanying negative health and socioeconomic f nicotine burdens. Interestingly, nicotine users are found to be leaner than the general f food intake population. Review of the existing literature revealed that nicotine affects energy f obesity homeostasis and food consumption via altering the activity of neurons containing f orexigenic peptides orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in the brain. Hypothalamus is one of the critical f anorexigenic peptides Endocrinology brain areas that regulates energy balance via the action of these neuropeptides. The of equilibrium between these two groups of peptides can be shifted by nicotine leading to decreased food intake and weight loss. The aim of this article is to review the existing Journal literature on the effect of nicotine on food intake and energy homeostasis and report on the changes that nicotine brings about in the level of these peptides and their receptors that may explain changes in food intake and body weight induced by nicotine.
    [Show full text]
  • Processed Food Addiction: a 21St Century Phenomenon 1
    Processed Food Addiction: a 21st Century Phenomenon 1 Alcoholism– History Repeats: Processed Food Addiction, a 21st Century Phenomenon Karren-Lee Raymond PhD, Sally Hsueh-Chih Lai PhD, & Geoff Lovell PhD 1. Introduction The notion of processed food addiction has been represented in a myriad of ways, including food and addiction, chocolate addiction, eating addiction and not forgetting food processing (Brownell and Gold, 2014; Bruinsma and Taren, 1999; Hebebrand, et al., 2014; Moubarac, et al., 2014). Other terms used within the ‘food and addiction’ discourse include compulsive overeater, emotional binger, sugar addict, junk-foodie, binge eater, destructive relationships with food, and not to mention the slang labels for a person suffering from obesity such as fatty, fatso, piggie, gorger, tub, porker, and lard-ass. The ongoing lack of consensus among professionals and in the general community regarding appropriate terminology to describe the complications associated with processed food is similar to the debate on the use of the term alcoholism (Jelinek, 1960; Vaillant, 1983; White, 2014). In the latter part of the 18th Century and the early part of the 19th Century, Dipsomania was a term used to refer to a medical condition involving an uncontrollable craving for alcohol. This term is still mentioned in the WHO ICD- 10 classification as an alternative description for Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, episodic use F10.26 (World Health Organization, 2004). In following a similar path, Peínamania (Peína is the Greek word meaning hunger) could potentially be used as a description for a medical condition involving an uncontrollable craving for processed food. Furthermore, given the issue of weight stigmatisation (Meadows, and Daníelsdóttir 2016), with people who are overweight often perceived as having poor self-control Processed Food Addiction: a 21st Century Phenomenon 2 or ‘uncontrollable appetites’, processed food addicts could also be considered as ‘people with uncontrolled appetites’ hence, Peínamania.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Addiction and the FA Solution: for Anyone Who Wants to Learn More
    Food Addiction and the FA Solution: for anyone who wants to learn more. Food Addiction and the FA Solution | 1 hat makes some people continue to Weat when they are not hungry? Why are they unable to stick to a diet despite warnings from doctors and their own understanding of health and nutrition? Most people are familiar with the concept of alcoholism and drug addiction, but the idea that certain foods and quantities of foods can be addictive is only slowly gaining acceptance. This pamphlet is for anyone who wants to learn more about food addiction and the solution offered by Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous (FA), a program based on the foodaddicts.org Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Carl Lowe, Jr., MD, a fellow of the American College of Surgeons and a member of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, shared the following observations: In my view, undeniably, food addiction is real. I see it every day. Looking for more ways to help my patients, I asked if I could sit in on an FA meeting. I stayed for a good while after the meeting ended, because I couldn’t pull myself away. I saw the changes FA was making in people’s lives, and I thought, This is exactly what my patients need. I refer all my patients to FA. I explain, “Right now, you have a relationship with food that is taking you down a road you don’t want to take. These people can help you.” FA seems to me to be a perfect solution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of 'Food Addiction' on Food Policy
    Curr Addict Rep DOI 10.1007/s40429-014-0015-x BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS (A GEARHARDT, SECTION EDITOR) The Impact of ‘Food Addiction’ on Food Policy Jennifer L. Pomeranz & Christina A. Roberto # Springer International Publishing AG 2014 Abstract As research on food and addiction evolves, it is alcohol in many ways, all three of these substances have important to consider how evidence for the addictive potential wreaked havoc on public health [1] and share important of certain foods could change public support for various food similarities [2•]. One key commonality between tobacco and policies designed to promote healthier choices. We draw alcohol is that both are considered to be addictive substances. lessons from the framing of addiction in the contexts of In contrast, it remains an open question whether certain foods tobacco and alcohol to discuss how an addiction frame for trigger an addictive process akin to known addictive sub- food might influence public perceptions and support for spe- stances. The research on food and addiction is too nascent to cific policies. We then evaluate the regulatory landscape in draw firm conclusions, but the conversation about whether tobacco and alcohol control to determine which policies may foods can be addictive is starting to permeate both the scien- be effective to protect the public against foods that may be tific community [3•, 4] and the lay public’s consciousness [5, harmful. We highlight several viable policy options that could 6]. The notion that foods can be addictive has been present in be implemented to protect public health from unhealthy food, popular culture for some time.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Addiction As a Disease: Evidence for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Response to Critics Bonnie Phillipsa, Raju Hajelab & Donald L
    This article was downloaded by: [108.28.66.216] On: 20 July 2015, At: 05:18 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/usac20 Sex Addiction as a Disease: Evidence for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Response to Critics Bonnie Phillipsa, Raju Hajelab & Donald L. Hilton JR.c a New Freedom Holdings, American Foundation for Addiction Research, Carefree, Arizona b Health Upwardly Mobile Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada c University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonia, Texas Click for updates Published online: 09 Jul 2015. To cite this article: Bonnie Phillips, Raju Hajela & Donald L. Hilton JR. (2015) Sex Addiction as a Disease: Evidence for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Response to Critics, Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 22:2, 167-192, DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2015.1036184 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2015.1036184 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Sugar on Mental Health in Marijuana Smokers
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Senior Honors Theses Undergraduate Showcase 5-2013 The Effects of Sugar on Mental Health in Marijuana Smokers Megan N. Long University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses Recommended Citation Long, Megan N., "The Effects of Sugar on Mental Health in Marijuana Smokers" (2013). Senior Honors Theses. 39. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/39 This Honors Thesis-Unrestricted is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Honors Thesis-Unrestricted in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Honors Thesis-Unrestricted has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECTS OF SUGAR ON MENTAL HEALTH IN MARIJUANA SMOKERS An Honors Thesis Presented to The Department of Psychology Of the University of New Orleans In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science, with University Honors and Honors in Psychology by Megan N. Long May 2013 The Effects of Stress on Mental Health Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………..………………………………………..3
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Food Addiction in America Many People Define Food Addiction As Not Being Able to Stop Eating Once You’Ve Started
    Understanding Food Addiction in America Many people define Food Addiction as not being able to stop eating once you’ve started. Triggering the Addiction Craving more and more of the same types of foods is quite common among food addicts. The most common trigger foods for food addicts tend to be high in sugar and white flour. Sugar White Flour Sugar activates our brain in a special way. That’s very “ reminiscent of...drugs like cocaine. “ Eric Stice Neurologist at Oregon Research Institute Symptoms of Food Addiction Below are five common behaviors of food addicts 1 The inability to stop eating once he/she has started. (eg. Eating an entire box of cookies versus just one or two) 2 Thinking about food constantly -- what you’re going to eat, what you just ate 3 Emotional Eating -- coping with emotional situations by eating, but needing to eat more and more to achieve the desired effect, such as increased pleasure or reduced negative emotions 4 Eating in Private or Hiding Food 5 Trying and Failing at Many Different Diet Programs If Sugar Didn’t Disolve Would You Still Drink it? Let’s examine the average amount of sugar found in popular drinks 12 10 8 6 4 2 Teaspoons of Sugar Per Serving 0 12 oz. Soda 8 oz. Red Bull 8 oz. Chocolate Milk Our population is growing (heavier) But excess weight can often be a signal of a much larger issue of addiction New Hampshire Maine Washington Vermont Montana North Dakota Massachusetts BMI Minnesota Oregon New >30 Wisconsin York Rhode Idaho South Dakota Michigan Island Connecticut Wyoming Pennsylvania New Jersey Iowa Nebraska Ohio Delaware 25%-29% Indiana Nevada Illinois West Maryland Utah Virginia District of Virginia Colorado Columbia California Missouri Kansas Kentucky North 20%-24% Carolina Tennessee Oklahoma South Arizona Arkansas Carolina New Mexico Alabama Georgia Mississippi Texas Louisiana Alaska Florida Hawaii 35.7% 78 Million Percentage of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Shows That Impulsivity Is Risk Factor for Food Addiction 6 May 2014
    Study shows that impulsivity is risk factor for food addiction 6 May 2014 as a result of it. BUSM researchers attempted to answer this question by measuring the inability to withhold an impulsive response in experimental models that were exposed to a diet high in sugar daily for one hour. Models shown to be more impulsive rapidly developed binge eating, showing heightened cravings and the loss of control over the junk diet (measured as inability to properly evaluate the negative consequences associated with ingestion of the sugary diet). Conversely, models shown to be less impulsive demonstrated the ability to appropriately control impulsive behavior and did not show abnormal eating behavior when exposed to the sugary diet. Have you ever said to yourself that you would only Interestingly, the impulsive models showed have a handful of potato chips from the bag then, increased expression of a transcription factor called minutes later, realized you ate the whole thing? A Delta-FosB in the nucleus accumbens, an area of recent study shows that this type of impulsive the brain involved in reward evaluation and behavior might not be easily controlled – and could impulsive behavior, indicating a potential biological be a risk factor in the development of food component to this behavior. addiction and eating disorders as a result of cellular activities in the part of the brain involved "While impulsivity might have aided ancestors to with reward. choose calorie-rich foods when food was scarce, our study results suggest that, in today's calorie- The research, published online in rich environment, impulsivity promotes pathological Neuropsychopharmacology, was led by Boston overeating," said Pietro Cottone, PhD, co-director University School of Medicine (BUSM) and of the Laboratory of Addictive Disorders and conducted in collaboration with the University of associate professor of pharmacology and Cambridge in the United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • ANKK1 DRD2 & FTO: Bridging the Genome and Ingestive Behavior
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Trends Cogn Manuscript Author Sci. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 May 01. Published in final edited form as: Trends Cogn Sci. 2017 May ; 21(5): 372–384. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.004. DRD2: Bridging the genome and ingestive behavior Xue Sun1, Serge Luquet2,3, and Dana M Small3,4,5,6 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France 3Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA 4The John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA 5Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 6Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Recent work highlights the importance of genetic variants that influence brain structure and function in conferring risk for polygenic obesity. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays a pivotal role in energy balance by integrating metabolic signals with circuits supporting cognitive, perceptual and appetitive functions that guide feeding. It has also been established that diet and obesity alter DA signaling leading to compulsive-like feeding and neurocognitive impairments. This raises the possibility that genetic variants that influence DA signaling and adaptation confer risk for overeating and cognitive decline. We consider the role of two common gene variants, FTO and TaqIA rs1800497 in driving gene * environment interactions promoting obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and cognitive change via their influence on dopamine receptor subtype 2 signaling. Keywords Dopamine; Obesity; Genetics; ANKK1; inflammation; Cognition; Diet; Ingestive Behavior From genome to ingestive behavior Twin, adoption, and family studies indicate that 40–70% of Body Mass Index (BMI) variation is due to genetic factors [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Current Considerations Regarding Food Addiction
    Curr Psychiatry Rep (2015) 17:19 DOI 10.1007/s11920-015-0563-3 EATING DISORDERS (C GRILO, SECTION EDITOR) Current Considerations Regarding Food Addiction Erica M. Schulte & Michelle A. Joyner & Marc N. Potenza & Carlos M. Grilo & Ashley N. Gearhardt # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract BFood addiction^ is an emerging area, and behavior- diction require abstinence. Addiction interventions that focus on al and biological overlaps have been observed between eating moderation or controlled use may lead to novel approaches to and addictive disorders. Potential misconceptions about apply- treating eating-related problems. Finally, addiction-related poli- ing an addiction framework to problematic eating behavior may cies that focus on environmental (instead of educational) targets inhibit scientific progress. Critiques of Bfood addiction^ that may have a larger public health impact in reducing overeating. focus on descriptive differences between overeating and illicit drugs are similar to early criticisms of the addictiveness of to- Keywords Food addiction . Obesity . Addiction . Substance bacco. Although food is necessary for survival, the highly proc- dependence essed foods associated with addictive-like eating may provide little health benefit. Individual differences are important in de- termining who develops an addiction. If certain foods are addic- tive, the identification of possible risk factors for Bfood Introduction: Misconceptions About Food Addiction addiction^ is an important next step. Not all treatments for ad- The concept of Bfood addiction^ is an area of growing scien- Erica M. Schulte and Michelle A. Joyner shared first authorship tific interest and ongoing debate. Animal models suggest that rats given highly palatable foods (e.g., icing, bacon, cheese- A special thank you to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Healthy Chocoholic
    1 2018|HEALTHY CHOCOHOLIC | The Fit Soul by Amy Ramsey These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Hi there! My name is Amy Ramsey and I am a Certified Health Coach through the Institute for Integrative Nutrition and a Personal Trainer through National Academy of Sports Medicine. I have a feeling you love chocolate as much as I do! I want to give you some delicious recipes that are good for you and a few tips to give you victory over the unhealthy chocolate addiction. I help women like you find lasting vitality and joy with life-changing nutrition, fun fitness, and endless inspiration to live a life filled with purpose. As a personal trainer and integrative nutrition health coach, I train busy women who want to fabulously toned body. I have taken my experience to create quick, express workouts exclusively for The Fit Soul programs, which combines fitness, nutrition, and community to help women heal their relationship with food, get fit, and have lasting results. This Fit Soul Approach is literally TRANSFORMING women's lives. You can be next! It’s my passion to teach women the health and wellness strategies they need to come to come ALIVE and THRIVE and truly live their best life! Love, Amy Ramsey 2 2018|HEALTHY CHOCOHOLIC | The Fit Soul by Amy Ramsey These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
    [Show full text]