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Halalan Tayyiba: an Islamic Perspective on Healthy Food

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Halalan Tayyiba: an Islamic Perspective on Healthy Food Halalan Tayyiba: An Islamic Perspective on Healthy Food Hussin Bin Salamon1*; Noorsabrina M Salbi2; Arief Salleh Bin Rosman3; Mohd Rilizam Bin Rosli4; Sulaiman Shakib Bin Mohd Noor5; Nasrul Hisyam Bin Nor Muhamad6; Mohammad Naqib Bin Hamdan7; Bushrah Bt Bashiron8; Ezwan Rafiq Bin Hussin9 1*Johor Islamic Studies College (MARSAH), Johor, Malaysia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 1*[email protected] 2Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. 3Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 4Universiti Teknologi Mara, Pasir Gudang, Johor Campus, Malaysia. 5Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Unikl, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia. 6Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 7Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 8Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 9Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Unikl, Pasir Gudang Campus, Malaysia. Abstract Health by poor diet has always being a grave concern, irrespective to any religion. Islam however through the main references of the Quran and Hadith, has beneficially outlined the nutritional guide halal food and a balanced diet. This study therefore, will identify the criteria in determining healthy food based on halalan tayyiba concept. The identification is through halalan tayyiba concept analysis. The food identified as healthy must contain necessary vitamin and nutrient, good taste and smell, fresh, natural and beneficial to human health. Practicingly it should be proper food selection, food intake and food composition to ensure the food consumed does not contain nutrient that harmful to human health, able to preserving healthy by ensuring the right communication through correct labelling, and able to preserve the characteristics of food. Key-words: Islamic Perspective, Healthy Food, Human Eating Habits. 1. Introduction The main aspect that influences human eating habits is attitude, while particular behavior is religion. The impact of religion on food consumption depends on the religion itself and on the extent ISSN: 2237-0722 1001 Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021) Received: 08.03.2021 – Accepted: 10.04.2021 to which a particular individual follows the teaching of his/her religion. Allah SWT had already presented the explanation and the guidelines for human being to facilitate his/her life both in this world as well as the hereafter. Muslims are tough through Islamic dietary law governed by Allah SWT to be very particular in selecting foods that are halal (lawful) and tayyib (good). Food should be something that been consumed and beneficial to humankind as mentioned in surah al- An’am verses 145. Allah SWT has been gracious to bless the people of various foods that taste, appearance, color and smell good either from plant or animal sources. Only few clearly stated in the Quran are prohibited which are pork or its affiliates, carcasses except dead fish, the blood and drink of intoxicating substances. Thus, this gives people many options to eat something that is lawful and good (Quran, 2: 168) as a sign of gratitude to Allah SWT. The food eaten needs to of good nutritional quality as well (Rahman, 2011). Allah SWT had commended Muslim to consume halal and purified foods and drinks that are clean, wholesome, nourishing, and pleasant. He prohibited Muslim from consuming haram foods and drinks that are unnecessary and may cause harmful to human health which will lead to serious or chronic disease or even death. This indicates the beauty of Islam and the characteristics of Islamic medical laws that emphasis on prevention rather the cure. Thus, there is a need to educate the Muslims on eating healthy foods base on wide scope of halalan tayyiba concept in order to prevent from serious illness. Therefore, in this study the applications of halalan tayyiba concept in determining healthy food are explored. 2. Principles of Halalan Tayyiba Food is everything that is taken by mankind and it is beneficial to them. Eating and drinking is the fundamental requirement of man who is a gift from Allah SWT to give strength to their body to be better servant of Allah. Therefore, humankind, should follow the guidelines have been clearly spelled out in the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet PBUH. Halalan tayyiba term describes goods or actions that are permissible and wholesome according to syariah laws and Islamic principles and allowed for consumption as they are safe and not harmful. Figure 1 show the halalan tayyiba principle model developed by Mohammad Amir (2015). There are 6 elements underlying the principles which are halal, nutritious, hygiene, safe, prosperous, also syubhah free. The developments are based on the Quran and hadith. ISSN: 2237-0722 1002 Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021) Received: 08.03.2021 – Accepted: 10.04.2021 Figure 1- Halalan Tayyiba Principle Model (Mohammad Amir, 2015) Halal is the main elements highlighted by the Islamic scholar when discussing on halalan tayyiba (Muhammad Amir, 2015; Harlida and Alias, 2014; Sazelin, 2012; Anas et al., 2010). Nutritious also the important elements that been mentioned by most Islamic scholar when discussing on halalan tayyiba (Muhammad Amir, 2015; Harlida and Alias, 2014; Sazelin, 2012; Anas et al., 2010). The issues discussed about this matter are mainly referred to the food that are safe and provide nutrition to human body. Hygiene based on oxford dictionary (2013) means the practice of keeping everything clean in order to prevent illness or disease. Issues pertaining to the food safety keep increasing time by time. The issues are mostly on the harmful ingredient that poisonous or toxic. It mainly related to the chemical content of food. Humankind was blessed with prosperous and variety of food which they could choose what are pleasant to them. Therefore, Muslims should eat something not disgusting but pleasant to them (Mohammad Amir, 2015). 3. Research Methodology This study aimed to investigate the application of halalan tayyiba concept in determining healthy food. To achieve this aim, the concept analysis was conducted. There are six steps underlying in concept analysis conducted (Nuopponen, 2010). First is determining the concept to be analyzed, which is halalan tayyiba concept. Secondly, establish the foundation of the concept then here the model of halalan tayyiba principle that developed by Muhammad Amir (2015) referred. Thirdly, all related materials are gathered where there are 13 materials that highlight on halalan tayyiba are selected. Fourth, the materials attribute then identified which are the details for the paper, purpose, methods and references. The fifth steps consist of structuring a concept system and analyzing all data systematically by using inductive approach. Systematic elaborating means going through collected ISSN: 2237-0722 1003 Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021) Received: 08.03.2021 – Accepted: 10.04.2021 information on concept according to preliminary concepts and establishing their contents and delimiting concepts from other concepts in the same concept system. For none of these concept descriptions the element are clear cut, the elements instead tend to be parallel or interwoven, and the analysis are often return to the previous principle of halalan tayyiba (Muhammad Amir, 2015) (see Figure 1). Lastly, the results of materials analysis is represented in a graphical presentation according to each field identified. 4. Finding and Discussion 4.1. Halalan Tayyiba Concept Analysis In the following, three models are presented, one from each field: Islamic ruling, Malaysia regulation, and food supply chain. From the analysis can be identified 4 concepts applicable in Islamic ruling (Deuraseh et al., 2013; Kartubi, 2013; Rahman et al., 2014; Shahwahid et al.), 3 concepts applicable Malaysia regulation field (Arif and Ahmad, 2011; Deuraseh et al., 2013; Samori et al., 2014) and 6 concepts discussed under food supply chain field (Anas et al., 2010; Anizah and Sariwati, 2016; Emi Normalina and Harlina Suzana, 2011; Hashimi and Salleh, 2010; Khattak et al., 2011; Omar et al., 2012, 2013). This attributes are chosen because it give general overview on the paper also how the concept is build. To examine the methods used in the studies halalan tayyiba debate about the concept, it was found that the studies that led to the field of Islamic ruling, the concept of halalan tayyiba is derived by referring to the Quranic verses by description study of tafsir and hadith. In others hand, the concept in Malaysia field are derived by explaining the various laws, regulation and guidelines implemented in Malaysian. Furthermore, the discussions of halalan tayyiba concept in food supply chain are referring to the Quranic verses also Malaysian standard references. Can be concluded that, the main references in developing of halalan tayyiba concept mainly are base on the guidelines stated in the Quran plus standard references of Malaysia. 4.2. Halalan Tayyiba Concept in Islamic Ruling Deuraseh et al. (2013) explicitly mentions halalan tayyiba food is lawful and good food which is sacred in term of sources and substances, clean and does not cause harm but benefit to the health of the body and mind. She divided the concept into two main elements which are halal and tayyib. Halal food means the food should not contain of forbidden animal and najs or contaminated ISSN: 2237-0722 1004 Vol. 11 No. 2 (2021) Received: 08.03.2021 – Accepted: 10.04.2021 with both or either of it. It a requirement that lawful animal are slaughtered according to Islamic law. The tayyib foods should be safe for consumption, nutritious food that good for health and satisfied to humankind desired. Besides, the principle of acquired the food should also as permitted that help in ensuring human right. Deuraseh also highlight on the user rights in halalan tayyiba. Eight of such rights are the right to safety, the right to get information, the right to make a choice, the right to free speech, the right to get satisfaction to basic needs, the right to compensation, the right to get consumer education and the right to have safe and healthy environment (Deuraseh et al.
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