The Mysteries of Purity for Teens
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A Concept of Clean Toilet from the Islamic Perspective
A CONCEPT OF CLEAN TOILET FROM THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE Asiah Abdul Rahim Department ofArchitecture Kulliyyah afArchitecture and Environmental Design INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA Abstract Islam is the official religion of Malaysia and more than half of the population is Muslim. As Muslims, the aspect of cleanliness is one of the most important and basic things that should be followed and practised in everyday life. Allah loves those cleanse themselves as quoted in the holy Qur'an. .. God loves those who turn to Him, and He loves those who cleanse themselves ". (Surah Al-Baqarah: 222) There is a growing awareness of public toilets among the public and authorities which can be seen in the events such as the "A Clean Toilet Campaign Seminar" held at national level end of July 2003 in lohor Bahru, Johor. Criticisms by visitors and locals stirred the level of consciousness among those responsible directly or indirectly for clean and effective public facilities.Nowadays, toilet is no longer perceived as merely a small and insignificant part of a building. It contributes and serves more than the initial purposes intended. Due to socio-economic changes, a toilet has been diversified and become multi-functions. It has surpassed its traditional role as a place to empty bowels or urinates to serve as comfortable vicinity with conveniences. In developed countries such as Japan and Korea, a public toilet has become a communal area where people could do face washing, showering, freshen up or taking care of their kids and so on. In designing a public toilet, some elements should be highlighted particularly on the understanding of users needs. -
Muslim Ritual Practices and Their Multilayered Mes- Sages in a Non-Muslim Environment: Examples from the Dutch Context
Muslim Ritual Practices and their Multilayered Mes- sages in a Non-Muslim Environment: Examples from the Dutch Context HERMAN L. BECK Tilburg University Abstract Many Muslims in the Netherlands want to live according to the prescriptions of their religion, but are trying at the same time to accommodate themselves to Dutch society in everyday life. Accom- modation also seems to occur in the area of Muslim ritual practices, even though most orthodox and orthoprax Muslims are convinced of the ‘unchangeability’ of Islamic rituals. The study of Islamic rituals and changes in them in a non-Muslim Western environment have therefore become very popular among Western researchers. Most studies have focused on the relation between ritual, social cohesion and group identity. By focusing on certain Muslim ritual practices in the non-Muslim environment of the Netherlands, this article draws attention to the role of ritual as an expression of faith on part of the individual believer, thus stressing the multilayered messages con- veyed by ritual practices. Keywords: religious studies, rituals, Muslims in a non-Muslim environ- ment At the start of a course on ‘The Ritualisation of Islam in the Netherlands’, a Muslim student of Turkish origin asked me whether the course was not totally pointless.1 The central question of the course was the following: given the impact on both Christianity and Islam in the Netherlands of a variety of social and cultural factors – modernisation and secularisation, emancipation and feminism, religious pluralism and inter-religious contacts – are Muslim rituals in the Dutch context subject to change? If so, what is the cause of 1 In using the concept of ritualisation in the course, I more or less link up with Grimes’ ritual- izing: ‘… the activity of deliberately cultivating rites’ (Grimes 1990, 10). -
The Health Revolution of 1890-1920 and Its Impact on Infant Mortality
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2000 Coming Clean: The Health Revolution of 1890-1920 and Its Impact on Infant Mortality April D.J. Garwin University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Garwin, April D.J., "Coming Clean: The Health Revolution of 1890-1920 and Its Impact on Infant Mortality. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2000. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4240 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by April D.J. Garwin entitled "Coming Clean: The Health Revolution of 1890-1920 and Its Impact on Infant Mortality." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Michael Logan, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Benita J. Howell, Mariana Ferreira Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To The Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by April D. -
Religious Traditions at End of Life
Religious Traditions at End of Life Table of Contents Judaism ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Catholic ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Protestant ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Eastern Orthodox Church ........................................................................................................................... 13 Muslim ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 Hindu ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 Buddhism .................................................................................................................................................... 22 pg. 1 Religious Traditions at End of Life Judaism While there are many denominations within Judaism that hold differing views, Jews commonly believe that holiness can be attained through following the laws and commandments laid out in the Torah (the Old Testament) and interpretations by the Rabbis of the Talmud and later eras (Posqim). When Death is Immanent It is traditional -
The Habitus of Hygiene: Discourses of Cleanliness and Infection Control In
Hygiene as Habitus: Putting Bourdieu to Work in Hospital Infection Control Brian Brown and Nelya Koteyko 1. Introduction This chapter takes as its starting point accounts of nurse managers and infection control staff as they talk about their working lives and how they try to implement practices which are believed to enhance safety in relation to healthcare acquired infections. The control of infection, particularly MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), in hospital work is a contentious issue that attracts a good deal of publicity in the UK and efforts to control it have exercised policymakers, managers, infection control staff and other health care practitioners over the last several years. In mid 2007 UK newspapers presented headlines such as „Shame of the filthy wards‟ (Daily Mail 18/6/2007), prompted by the release of Healthcare Commission data to the effect that 99 out of 384 hospital trusts in England were not in compliance with the UK‟s hygiene code (Healthcare Commission 2007). Gordon Brown commenced his premiership with a commitment among other things to reduce rates of infection in hospitals, seeking to halve the number of people diagnosed with MRSA by April 2008 (Revill 2007). As Revill goes on to report, 300,000 people a year are currently diagnosed with a hospital acquired infection. Reports have also surfaced in the UK news media concerning the growing proportion of death certificates issued which mentioned MRSA or another important healthcare acquired infection, clostridium difficile (Waterfield and Fleming 2007). In press reports, and arguably in public opinion too, a link is made between the specific microbes and the general state of cleanliness in hospital accommodation. -
Bathing and Grooming Poultry
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Bathing and Grooming Poultry When showing poultry, whether for exhibition or in showmanship, the condition and cleanliness of the birds are reflections of their owners. Designate an area for your show birds, and do not allow them to run with the rest of the flock. If possible, keep them in individual coops or cages during the show season to maintain condition and cleanliness. Bathing Birds should be bathed at least five days before a show. This allows the bird time to dry completely, oil to be restored to the feathers, and for them to groom their own feathers. Before you begin, gather the necessary items needed to bathe your birds. List of Bathing Supplies • Toothbrush – used to scrub the shanks, feet, toes, and toenails • Apple Cider Vinegar – used to help rinse the shampoo out of the feathers. Use about ½ cup for a tub of water • Shampoo – used to clean the feathers; do not use a harsh shampoo as it will make the feathers brittle. You can use a flea and tick shampoo recommended for cats or dogs, which not only cleans the birds but kills lice or mites gone unnoticed. • Blow Dryer – used to dry loose-feathered birds if needed • Towels – used to dry birds • Nail clippers and file – Used to clip toenails and upper beak, and file the beak • Sponge – used to wash the birds, particularly the head • Cotton balls and styptic powder – to stop bleeding in case the nails and beak are cut too short • Three tubs or 5-gallon buckets of warm water– to bathe and rinse birds; Note: You can use a utility tub with warm running water located in your basement, work room, etc., to wash and rinse your chickens instead of the three tubs. -
Halal GUIDELINES for the PREPARATION
Guidelines For The Preparation Of HALAL Foods. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF HALAL FOODS Prepare By: UHF Certification Council (HALAL CERTIFICATION BODY) Halal World (Halal certification authority in Nepal) Head Office: Chandragiri-10, Kathmandu, Nepal City Office: Sanepal, Lalitpur , Nepal. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] www.halalnepal.com | www.uhfcertification.org [DOC VER – 1.1 Dtd 2013; Rev Ver 1.3 Dtd 2016] UHF Certification Council/(Halal World) Guidelines For The Preparation Of HALAL Foods. INTRODUCTION The processors of foods and goods for the Muslim market need to understand and comply with the specific requirements of the Muslim consumers before their product could be labeled as HALAL food in Nepal. The use of the word “HALAL” (Permissible), ‘CERTIFIED HALAL’, ‘FOODS FOR MUSLIM’ and other similar labeling will only be granted if all requirement is met. The consumption of Halal foods and goods is compulsory to all Muslims. Lack of knowledge, awareness and understanding of the Halal concept among Muslims and the manufacturers of Halal products may cause the loss of appreciation to Halal. In fact the holy Quran addressed all human being and not just Muslim to search for Halal and it is for their own benefit. One should understand that Halal food requires that it is prepared in the most hygienic manner meeting international food safety standards and should not be viewed as offensive to any religious belief. The basic issue in Halal food production is cleanliness, free from ‘contamination’ and healthy food as defined in the Quran. Thus, these guidelines are prepared to interpret and explain, to the processors and the public, either Muslim or non-Muslim, the Halal and Haram (Non-Permissible) aspects as stipulated in Islamic laws. -
SIN, PURIFICATION and SACRIFICE: Analysis and Comparison of Texts from the Book of Leviticus and Malagasy Traditional Rituals
SIN, PURIFICATION AND SACRIFICE: Analysis and Comparison of Texts from the Book of Leviticus and Malagasy Traditional Rituals Submitted by Olivier Randrianjaka In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) VID Specialized University, Stavanger February 2020 i ABSTRACT This study is an analysis and comparison of rituals in two different settings. Due to its ancient content, the book of Leviticus has been negatively received or is simply ignored by most western Churches. They see the book of Leviticus as irrelevant to today’s Christians. This research grows out of the interest to find why Malagasy Christians feel at home when reading the book of Leviticus. My research starts from the hypothesis that there might be some identifiable correspondences between ancient rituals in the book of Leviticus and some traditional Malagasy rituals. These correspondences might be the rationale behind the familiarity of Malagasy readers with the book of Leviticus and hence their positive acceptance. All these rituals have to do with sin, purification and sacrifice. My research is divided into two main parts. In Part One, I study three rituals from the book of Leviticus, namely, the ritual purification relating to intentional and unintentional sins in Lev 4:1– 5:13, the postpartum ritual purification in Lev 12 and the global ritual purification on the Day of Atonement in Lev 16. Part Two is devoted to the study of three seleted traditional Malagasy rituals, namely, the ritual purification relating to violation of taboo (fady), the eighth day postpartum ritual purification of the Malagasy northern ethnic groups and the New Year royal bath ritual of purification called fandroana. -
Slavic Pagan World
Slavic Pagan World 1 Slavic Pagan World Compilation by Garry Green Welcome to Slavic Pagan World: Slavic Pagan Beliefs, Gods, Myths, Recipes, Magic, Spells, Divinations, Remedies, Songs. 2 Table of Content Slavic Pagan Beliefs 5 Slavic neighbors. 5 Dualism & The Origins of Slavic Belief 6 The Elements 6 Totems 7 Creation Myths 8 The World Tree. 10 Origin of Witchcraft - a story 11 Slavic pagan calendar and festivals 11 A small dictionary of slavic pagan gods & goddesses 15 Slavic Ritual Recipes 20 An Ancient Slavic Herbal 23 Slavic Magick & Folk Medicine 29 Divinations 34 Remedies 39 Slavic Pagan Holidays 45 Slavic Gods & Goddesses 58 Slavic Pagan Songs 82 Organised pagan cult in Kievan Rus' 89 Introduction 89 Selected deities and concepts in slavic religion 92 Personification and anthropomorphisation 108 "Core" concepts and gods in slavonic cosmology 110 3 Evolution of the eastern slavic beliefs 111 Foreign influence on slavic religion 112 Conclusion 119 Pagan ages in Poland 120 Polish Supernatural Spirits 120 Polish Folk Magic 125 Polish Pagan Pantheon 131 4 Slavic Pagan Beliefs The Slavic peoples are not a "race". Like the Romance and Germanic peoples, they are related by area and culture, not so much by blood. Today there are thirteen different Slavic groups divided into three blocs, Eastern, Southern and Western. These include the Russians, Poles, Czechs, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Serbians,Croatians, Macedonians, Slovenians, Bulgarians, Kashubians, Albanians and Slovakians. Although the Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians are of Baltic tribes, we are including some of their customs as they are similar to those of their Slavic neighbors. Slavic Runes were called "Runitsa", "Cherty y Rezy" ("Strokes and Cuts") and later, "Vlesovitsa". -
Islamic Law (Fiqh)
Islamic Law (Fiqh) Harvard University Muslim Chaplain Shaykh Dr. Khalil Abdur-Rashid Fall 2019 What is Islamic Law (Fiqh)? ● Islamic Law (Fiqh): Knowledge (ma’rifat) of the Self (nafs) - its rights (ma laha) and its’ responsibilities (ma aleyha). ● Landscape of Islamic Law (fiqh): All areas of human action (body, speech, heart. ● Benefit: Its study brings reward in this life and the next; it is considered an obligation. ● 3 Types of Fiqh: ○ Greatest Fiqh (Theology & Creed) - Realm of Faith (Iman) ○ External Fiqh (Devotional & Interpersonal Relations) - Realm of Action (Islam) ○ Internal Fiqh (Spiritual Cultivation) - Realm of Virtue (Ihsan) Why Study Islamic Law (Fiqh)? “It is not right for all the believers to go out (to battle) together: out of each community, a group should go out to gain understanding of the religion (fiqh), so that they can teach their people when they return and so that they can guard themselves against evil.” (Quran 9:122) ● “Whoever Allah wants good for, Allah grants them understanding of the religion (fiqh).” - Hadith ● “One person with understanding of the religion is harder on Shaytan than 1000 ignorant followers.” - Hadith ● “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every male and female.” - Hadith The Landscape of Islamic Law (External Fiqh) Devotional Relations (Ibadat) Interpersonal Relations (Muamalat) 1.) Purification 2.) Prayer 1.) Islamic Ethics 3.) Giving 2.) Divorce & Child Custody 4.) Fasting 3.) Inheritance 5.) Pilgrimages 4.) Financial Contracts 6.) Marriage 5.) Islamic Finance 6.) Islamic Bioethics Structure of Islamic Law (Fiqh) Categories of Human Actions: Categories of Practice: 1. Obligation (Fard) 1. Rigorous Practice (Azima) 2. Recommendation (Sunna) a. -
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS 238. Father, the Prayers for a Woman on the Day After Giving Birth Refer to Uncleanness. That's Upsett
Saints Peter and Paul Orthodox Church Newsletter September, 2013 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 238. Father, the prayers for a woman on the day after giving birth refer to uncleanness. That’s upsetting to new mothers. Another person asked: Why do we still have those Churching prayers? Those concepts are from the Stone Age! We shouldn’t do that any more! 234. I know that the Canons say that menstruating women should not come to Church or be communed. Is this Canon still in force in our modern world? Because of the high regard the Orthodox Christian Church has for the miracle of birth and of motherhood, it offers the same rite of purification to women who give birth today as was given to the Mother of God when she gave birth to Christ our Savior. Historically, in our Church tradition, on the day after the birth of a child, the priest comes to the mother and offers prayers of thanksgiving for her health and speedy recovery, and offers a blessing for the health of the child and for its protection from evil and a prayer asking for forgiveness for the mother and everyone in the household who has touched her. In the Old Testament Law, touching blood (or any bodily effluvia – that is anything which flows out of our bodies) would cause anyone to be rendered impure. We don’t have a good word for this idea of ritual impurity. We’ll discuss it below, in depth. On the eighth day after birth, children are customarily brought to Church by their godparents for naming and for baptism. -
The Impact of Minority Faith on the Experience of Mental Health Services: the Perspectives of Devotees of Earth Religions
Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2012 The Impact of Minority Faith on the Experience of Mental Health Services: The Perspectives of Devotees of Earth Religions Alison Niblick Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Niblick, Alison, "The Impact of Minority Faith on the Experience of Mental Health Services: The Perspectives of Devotees of Earth Religions" (2012). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1127. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1127 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE IMPACT OF MINORITY FAITH ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: THE PERSPECTIVES OF DEVOTEES OF EARTH RELIGIONS PROFESSIONAL DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF PROEFSSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY BY ALISON NIBLICK, PsyM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY Dayton, OH September, 2013 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Julie L. Williams, PsyD, ABPP Committee Member: James E. Dobbins, PhD, ABPP Committee Member: Eve M. Wolf, PhD, ABPP WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY July 13, 2012 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY ALISON NIBLICK ENTITLED THE IMPACT OF MINORITY FAITH ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: THE PERSPECTIVES OF DEVOTEES OF EARTH RELIGION BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY.