Nationalism in Europe
Nationalism Do Now
Explain your pride in your country? What would you do for your nation? Why? Learning Targets and Intentions of the Lesson
1. KNOW how Nationalism and Liberalism dominated the political landscape of the 19th Century. 2. UNDERSTAND and explain the contrasts between Realism and Romanticism. 3. Complete a guided reading and short response assignment on the significance of Nationalism (SKILLS). What is Liberalism?
A political philosophy founded on the ideas of liberty and equality. Nineteenth-century liberalism was more than an economic and political theory: it was a way of viewing the world. Foundations of Liberalism are in Enlightenment ideas, English liberties, the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man Nationalism
A nation – people joined together by the bonds of: common language, common customs, culture, and history, administered by the same government. Political and ethnic boundaries should coincide. What is Nationalism?
Culture – History - shared way a common of life past
Nationality – shared Language- shared ethnic Nationalism communication ancestry
Religion- Territory shared by – land belongs to most group Positives –overthrow absolute rule, democratic governments Negatives – Forced assimilation of minority, extreme nationalism leads to dictatorship How did “nationalism” affect Europe in the 19th-century? Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna met to create a peace settlement in Europe
Battle of Waterloo The Congress’s purpose was to establish a balance of power in Europe and return monarchs to power.
Prince Klemens von Metternich Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815) But, the French Revolution had inspired the rise of nationalistic movements in many European countries. Nationalism is the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, geography…their Country Nationalistic Movements:
The unification of Germany was led by Otto von Bismarck. The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power ... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favorable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by “iron and blood”. It means that they would use blood (hard work, the power of the people) and (technology, weapons, etc) to succeed and unify the German territories. The unification of Italy and of Germany resulted in upsetting the balance of power in Europe Romanticism vs. Realism Romanticism - From the late 18th Century to the mid 19th Century.
Wanted to inspire deep emotions An age of passion, rebellion, individuality, imagination, intuition, idealism, and creativity. Nature in the raw, wild state Rebelled against Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason Romanticism
▪ The Romantic hero (tragic hero) is a literary archetype referring to a character that rejects established norms and conventions, has been rejected by society, and has the self as the center of his or her own existence.
▪ ART: “Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps”; JMW Turner Realism
Lacked the sentiment and emotion of romanticism Looked at harsh side of life which they wanted to improve Attempted to present the world as it was Realism Mid 19th Century (or 1800’s) Artists felt that they should portray political, social, and moral issues, without glorifying the past or presenting romantic views of the present. The artists presented familiar scenes as they actually appeared, hence REALISM. o Painting realistic situations o Celebrating working class and peasants; o rustic painting Section 4 Romanticism and Realism • A reaction to the enlightenment and industrial revolution. Romantics believed that emotions should guide decision making while realists focused on the everyday world and ordinary people. Map for STANDARD reading