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The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) As a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking
The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) as a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking Daniela Sorea1 – Ana-Maria Bolborici2 Faculty of Sociology and Communication, Transilvania University, Brasov The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) as a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking. Social memory is dynamic, adaptable to the ensemble of group perceptions on the present. In the first decade after WWII there were numerous active anti-communist armed resistance groups in the Romanian mountains. The most powerful resistance groups operated on the southern and northern sides of the Făgăraș Mountains. According to the results of exploratory research conducted in 2020 the representations of the anti-communist resistance in the mountains in Romanian young people’s memories are feeble. Retrieving representations of the resistance is useful as critical exercise in understanding history, as source of identity comfort and as part of the lesson on totalitarianism. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 266-286) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.10 Key words: Anti-Communist movement; resistance; social memory; critical thinking; identity Introduction Social representations of historical events reflect the way a community views the latter, as well as their political and social context. Social representations become part of social memory. Social memory contributes to molding the iden- tity of community members, as well as their sense of belonging to the commu- nity. Social memory leaves marks on future social representations and on the way a community responds to the challenges of history. The past shapes the present and prefigures the future. -
Paper Title (Capital Letters, Times New Roman, 11 Pt
Revista Economică 66:6 (2014) IDEOLOGY AND REPRESSION IN ROMANIA IN THE DECADE BEFORE THE ADOPTION OF THE PENAL CODE OF 1969. CASE STUDY: THE ECONOMIC CRIMINALITY AND THE APPLICATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT STANCU Radu1 University of Bucharest Abstract In terms of the death penalty, the first half of the communist period was very dynamic in Romania. Its start was dominated by the issue of dealing with war criminals, which often took a retributive form, a disguised way of punishing the fascists, former political rivals of the communists. In 1949, the legal provisions concerning capital punishment were extended to several economic and political crimes, intended to frighten a large part of the population. The zenith of this policy were the years 1958-1959, when the highest rates of executions of the whole period of 1944-1990 were registered. The leadership change usually determined a policy change regarding the death penalty, accompanied by a revision of the Penal Code. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the Stalinist ruler of Romania died in 1965, when Nicolae Ceausescu became the new Secretary General of the Romanian Communist Party. This revision of the legal frame also took place in Romania, where a new Penal Code was adopted in 1969, increasing the accuracy of the legal provisions and opening, in foucauldian terms, a more refined era in the history of capital punishment. Keywords capital punishment, Romania, communism, death penalty, executions. 1. Introduction I strongly believe that there are lessons to be learnt from the communist experience of capital punishment. Following Michel Foucault’s warning (Foucault, 2000, 459-461), that the abolition of the death penalty should be related to a serious debate, given the popular support for death 1 University of Bucharest, National Archives of Romania 112 Revista Economică 66:6 (2014) penalty, it is extremely important that its history is known both by specialists and the larger public. -
Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited
CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited brings together representatives of multiple generations to create a rich examination The Establishment of Communist Regimes in East-Central Europe of the study and practice of Stalinism. While the articles are uniformly excellent, the book’s signal contribution is to bring recent research from Eastern European scholars to an English-speaking audience. Thus the volume is not just a “state of the discipline” collection, in which articles are collected to reflect that current situation of scholarship in a given field; instead, this one includes cutting edge scholarship that will prompt more of the same from other scholars in other fields/subfields. I would recommend this book highly to anyone interested in understanding the technology of Stalinism in both StalinismStalinism thought and practice. Nick Miller Boise State University The Sovietization of post-1945 East-Central Europe—marked by the forceful imposition of the Soviet- type society in the region—was a process of massive socio-political and cultural transformation. Despite its paramount importance for understanding the nature of the communist regime and its RevisitedRevisited legacy, the communist take-over in East Central European countries has remained largely under- researched. Two decades after the collapse of the communist system,Stalinism Revisited brings together a remarkable international team of established and younger scholars, engaging them in a critical re-evaluation of the institutionalization of communist regimes in East-Central Europe and of the period of “high Stalinism.” Sovietization is approached not as a fully pre-determined, homogeneous, and monolithic transformation, but as a set of trans-national, multifaceted, and inter-related processes of large-scale institutional and ideological transfers, made up of multiple “takeovers” in various fields. -
The Italian Resistance Between History and Memory
Journal of Modern Italian Studies ISSN: 1354-571X (Print) 1469-9583 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmis20 The Italian resistance between history and memory Paolo Pezzino To cite this article: Paolo Pezzino (2005) The Italian resistance between history and memory, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 10:4, 396-412, DOI: 10.1080/13545710500314090 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13545710500314090 Published online: 20 Aug 2006. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1638 Citing articles: 11 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmis20 Journal of Modern Italian Studies 10(4) 2005: 396 – 412 ARTICLES The Italian Resistance between history and memory Paolo Pezzino Universita` di Pisa Abstract Since the 1960s the Resistance has held pride of place in public ceremonial, political debate and to a point also in historcial writing in Italy. The emphasis on its popular and national character transformed the Resistance into the struggle of the whole country to rid Italy of the German invaders and the small number of Italian fascists who remained their allies, but in ways that took no account of the complexity of people’s reactions and the different ways in which Italians experienced the years immediately after the fall of fascism. In the last decade, however, numerous accounts have been published that contradict the images of the Resistance that for 30 years have constituted the ‘official’ memory of the Italian Republic. As a result, the Resistance offers a classic example of the ‘public use of history’, in which historical interpretation has served primarily to justify party political, instutitional and idelogical ends. -
Enciclopedia Argeşului Şi Muscelului
ENCICLOPEDIA ARGEŞULUI ŞI MUSCELULUI Foarte mic Litraj, Dacia Autocamionete, Ş Dacia 1304, Dacia Nova, Dacia Euro II; Dacia Supernova, Dacia Solenza; ŞANDRU, Ioan R. (n. Vălişoara, introducerea în fabricaţie Logan. Studii, Livezile, Alba, 30 iulie 1934). Inginer rapoarte, reuniuni tematice, inovaţii în mecanic, manager. Stabilit în Argeş, din 1966. domeniu. Colaborări didactice, Institutul de Şcoala Medie, Câmpeni, Alba (1953), Învăţământ Superior/Universitatea din Piteşti Institutul Politehnic, Braşov (1965). (1975-1997). Membru, diverse foruri Documentări externe: Franţa, Spania. profesionale autohtone, alte aprecieri publice. Specializare, industria de automobile. Iniţial, (M.T.D.). Întreprinderea Aro, Câmpulung (1965-1966). Activitate permanentă, Întreprinderea de ŞAPCALIU, Gheorghe (Buzău, 1867 – Autoturisme, Colibaşi/Mioveni: tehnolog, Câmpulung Muscel, 15 iunie 1941). Profesor, caroserie (1966-1970); şef, secţiile punţi istorie şi limba latină, om de cultură. Stabilit (1970-1973) şi transmisii (1973-1975); la Câmpulung, din 1891. Studii liceale, Buzău inginer şef, prelucrări mecanice (1975-1985); (1887), superioare, Bucureşti (1891). director de producţie automobile (1985- Activitate didactică permanentă, Câmpulung, 1990); director tehnic, SC Autoro SA (1990- Muscel: Şcoala Normală Carol I (1891-1905); 1999). Contribuţii directe la: fabricarea Gimnaziul/Liceul Dinicu Golescu (1905- autoturismelor Dacia 1100 şi Dacia 1300, 1929). Preocupat constant de cunoaşterea licenţă Renault, Franţa; omologarea reperelor tradiţiei statelor din Africa, America de Nord, din gama Estafette; îmbunătăţirea proiectării Europa. Adept al sistemului educaţional specifice. Studii, analize, rapoarte, reuniuni informativ: stimularea studiului valorilor tematice naţionale. Membru, diverse asociaţii clasice din Antichitate şi Renaştere; profesionale în domeniu, alte aprecieri direcţionarea gândirii elevilor spre înţelegerea publice. (M.T.D.). motivaţiei evenimentelor seculare; acceptarea dialogului; evocarea marilor personalităţi ŞANDRU, Viorel Gh.