DOCSLIB.ORG

“That's the Life of a Gangster”: Analyzing The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“That's the Life of a Gangster”: Analyzing The “THAT’S THE LIFE OF A GANGSTER”: ANALYZING THE MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF DANIEL WOLFE A thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In Interdisciplinary Studies University of Regina By Leisha Ann Grebinski Regina, Saskatchewan August 2012 ©Copyright 2012-LA Grebinski UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Leisha Ann Grebinski, candidate for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies, has presented a thesis titled, "That's the Life of a Gangster": Deconstructing the Media Representations of Daniel Wolfe, in an oral examination held on April 25, 2012. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: Dr. James McNinch, Faculty of Education Co-Supervisor: Dr. Charity Marsh, Media Production and Studies Co-Supervisor: Dr. Carmen Robertson, Visual Arts Committee Member: Dr. Randal Rogers, Visual Arts Committee Member: *Dr. Jo-Ann Episkenew, First Nations University College Chair of Defense: Dr. Yvonne Petry, Luther College *Not present at defense ABSTRACT “That’s the Life of a Gangster”: Analyzing the Media Representations of Daniel Wolfe Daniel Wolfe has been represented by the news media as one of Saskatchewan and Manitoba’s most “notorious gang members.”1 Wolfe first made headlines at the age of 31 after he instigated a fatal home invasion in the rural community of Fort Qu’Appelle, northeast of Regina.2 Later that year, while on remand at the Regina jail, Wolfe and five other Aboriginal inmates staged an elaborate break-out which received extensive national media coverage.3 Two years later Wolfe was killed in prison. His death, although tragic, was regarded by media and experts as an “obvious conclusion” to a gangster’s story.4 Through an interdisciplinary approach consisting of interviews with key participants and a discourse analysis of print, radio, TV, and online new sources, I examine the media spectacle of Daniel Wolfe as a case study concerning the implications his story had on media representations of the Aboriginal gangster on the prairies. “That’s the Life of a Gangster”: Analyzing the Media Representation of Daniel Wolfe interrogates how Daniel Wolfe’s story is used by media, police, and politicians to perpetuate fear of Aboriginal men. I examine: 1) The role the media plays in the 1 Daniel Wolfe is labelled as notorious in the following articles: Murray Wood, “Gang Leader Killed in P.A. Pen Brawl.” NewsTalk 980. January 5, 2010; “Gang leader killed in Sask prison fight: sources.” CBC News. January 5, 2010. 2 “Qu’Appelle shooting shocks community.” The Leader Post. September 22, 2007. <http://www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/story.html?id=94a6d303-791e-4166-bdd1- c592ffffdfb5> Accessed March 29, 2011. 3 “Regina jail escapee says he never planned to break free.” CBC News. September 18, 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/story/2008/09/18/wolfe-interview.html. Accessed March 29, 2011. 4 Barb Pacholik, “Gang Leaders Death a Sad Fate, Prosecutor Laments.” The Winnipeg Free Press. January 7, 2010 <http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/gang-leaders-death-a-sad-fate-prosecutor-laments- 80885207.html>. Accessed March 29 2011. I Aboriginal gangster is a current monolithic mis-representation of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples. For this thesis I take a three pronged approach: Firstly, I conduct an analysis into the media representations of Wolfe to examine the racialization of gang crime and the production of a moral panic. Secondly, I investigate how stereotypes of Aboriginal gang members such as Wolfe are reproduced and embodied by Aboriginal youth through an analysis of media represented links between Aboriginal bodies, hip-hop, and crime. Thirdly, I examine how agency and healing are being practiced through processes of storytelling by members of Wolfe’s family. The intent of this thesis is to contribute to and challenge the current conversation regarding the growing Aboriginal population and its perceived link with a so-called ‘growing Aboriginal gang problem’ on the prairies. II AcknowledgmentsAcknolwedgements This thesis would not have been possible without generous funding from the Indigenous Peoples Health Research Centre. I would also like to acknowledge the gracious support of my co-supervisors Dr. Carmen Robertson and Dr. Charity Marsh. Both encouraged and challenged me to produce a body of work I am extremely proud of. I would also like to thank the University of Regina Faculty of Graduate Studies for providing me with funding to present elements of my work at a national conference. III Dedication To my parents Ben and Starla Grebinski for their love and encouragement. Thank you for sharing your passion for education with me. IV Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgment iii Dedication iv Table of Contents vi 1. Introduction 7 2. 1.1. Theoretical Framework 10 1.2 Noble Savage/Violent Warrior 13 1.3 Counter Narratives 18 1.4 Methodologies 19 1.5 Decolonizing and Indigenous Methodologies 24 1.6 Storytelling, Dialogue, and Healing 25 2. Chapter Two: The Shooting 30 3. 2.1 Community in Shock 31 2.2 Breaking News 36 2.3 Growing Aboriginal Gang Problem 40 2.4 Gang Shooting? 42 2.5 Suspect at Large 45 3. Chapter Three: The Escape 47 4. 3.1 Break Out 49 3.2 Constructing Fear 50 3.3 The Mythology of a Gangster 57 V 3.4 Speaking up 62 3.5 The Capture 67 4. Chapter Four: The Trial 72 5. 4.1 Court Reporting 73 4.2 Primary Definers 78 4.3 Taking the Blame 80 5. Chapter Five: The Death 83 6. 5.1 That’s the Life of a Gangster 85 5.2 Producing the Gangster 92 5.3 Laying Blame 97 5.4 Posthumous Constructions 100 5.5 Stereotypes and Sweetgrass 101 6. Conclusion 108 7. 6.1 Last Word 108 8. Bibliography 114 9. 8. Appendices 128 9. 8.1 Appendix One: Timeline 128 8.2 Appendix Two: Research Ethics Board Consent 130 VI IntroductionIntroduction Media reports often highlight a "growing Aboriginal gang problem"5 on the Canadian prairies even though the media has reported crime statistics are on a steady decline.6 Headlines such as “Native gangs spreading across Canada”7 or "Battle over war on gangs"8 are not uncommon, yet little evidence is given to substantiate such claims. The prevalence of sensational media coverage of a perceived racialized gang problem produces what Stuart Hall refers to as a “moral panic.”9 To critically examine how the production of a “moral panic” perpetuates fear of Aboriginal bodies on the prairies, I turn to the media coverage of Daniel Wolfe as a case study. Wolfe first made headlines at the age of 31 after he participated in a fatal home invasion in the rural community of Fort Qu’Appelle located 75 kilometers northeast of Regina.10 Later that year, while on remand at the Regina jail, Wolfe and five other Aboriginal inmates staged an elaborate break-out which received extensive national media coverage.11 Wolfe was killed in prison two years 5 See: Ryan Ellis, “Gang problem may grow,” The Leader Post, March 17, 2005; Janet French, “Gang members lose heritage,” The Leader Post, May 31, 2007; Tim Switzer, “Police fear more gang violence,” The Leader Post, December 15, 2004; James Wood, “Staffers say gangs at war inside,” The Leader Post, August 30, 2005. 6 Gloria Galloway, “Crime falls to 1973 levels as Tories push for sentencing reform,” the Globe and Mail, July 21, 2011. <http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/crime-falls-to-1973-levels-as-tories-push- for-sentencing-reform/article2104745/>. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 7 “Native gangs spreading across Canada,” CBC News. March 16, 2010. <http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2010/03/16/mb-native-gangs-manitoba.html. Retrieved November 12, 2011. 8 Bartley Kives, “Mayoral Candidates drop gloves over crime: Katz, Wasylycia-Leis battle over war on gangs,” the Winnipeg Free Press, September 14, 2010. <http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mayoral- candidates-drop-gloves-over-crime-102841344.html> Retrieved November 5, 2011. 9 Stuart Hall et al, Policing the Crisis (London: MacMillan Press, 1976); Stuart Hall, Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, (London: Sage, 1997.) 10 “Qu’Appelle shooting shocks community.” The Leader Post. September 22, 2007. <http://www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/story.html?id=94a6d303-791e-4166-bdd1- c592ffffdfb5> Accessed March 29, 2011. 11 “Regina jail escapee says he never planned to break free.” CBC News. September 18, 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/story/2008/09/18/wolfe-interview.html. Accessed March 29, 2011. 7 later. Media and “experts” such as police, lawyers, and judges regarded his tragic death as an ‘obvious conclusion’ to a gangster’s story.12 Officials and journalists produced a media spectacle of Wolfe’s life and death which unconsciously linked his story to an entire race of people and legitimated the argument that Aboriginal gangs remain a serious problem and pose a significant threat to society. As such, this case study is informed by the following questions: How do the radio, television, print and online news media use Daniel Wolfe’s story to perpetuate fear of Aboriginal bodies?13 In what way do mediations of Daniel Wolfe draw on historic constructions that perpetuate the myth that Aboriginal people are inferior? How are representations of Daniel Wolfe in the media play a role in producing and romanticizing the mythology of a gangster?14 Why are representations of Daniel Wolfe as an Aboriginal gangster contribute to a current monolithic mis-representation of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples?15 12 Pacholik, Barb.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gangs: IPC REVIEW a Review of Recent Research
    134 REVUE DE L’IPC 3 REVUE DE L’ Volume 3: pages 135–156 March/mars 2009 Shelden, R. G., Tracy, S. K., & Brown, W. B. (1996). Girls and gangs: IPC www.ipc.uOttawa.ca REVIEW A review of recent research. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 47(1), 21–39. Spergel, I. A. (1995). The youth gang problem. New York: Oxford University Press. Aboriginal Youth and Violent Stretesky, P. B., & Pogrebin, M. R. (2007). Gang-related gun violence. Socialization, identity, and self. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Gang Involvement in Canada: 36(1), 85-114. Quality Prevention Strategies Sullivan, M. L. (2005). Maybe we shouldn’t study ‘gang’. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(2), 170-190. Mark Totten, M.S.W., R.S.W., Ph.D. Thornberry, T., Krohn, M, Lizotte, A., & Chard-Wierschem, D. (1993). RÉSUMÉ The role of juvenile gangs in facilitating delinquent behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 75-85. Il y a une épidémie de violence des gangs de jeunes Autochtones dans certaines parties du Canada d’aujourd’hui et ces jeunes s’entretuent et se Thrasher, F. M. ([1927]/1963). The gang: A study of 1,313 gangs in Chicago. suicident à des taux qui dépassent ceux de tout autre groupe au Canada. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cet article présente un aperçu de la situation actuelle et décrit cinq grandes voies d’adhésion aux gangs et à leur violence pour les jeunes Autochtones. Tichit, L. (2003). Gangs juvéniles et construits ethniques dans le contexte L’utilisation d’approches qui ont été démontrées inefficaces est ensuite américain.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Affirming the Self Decrease the Desire to Join a Gang? by James A
    Does Affirming the Self Decrease the Desire to Join a Gang? by James A. Brown A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © James A. Brown 2012 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Young people are being lured into gang life through many factors including bad decision making and the influence of their peers. My study suggests that there are alternatives to coercive suppression through law enforcement activities and incarceration for youth who chose this way of life. Self-affirmation or the reflection on important values that affirm the self, has been shown to significantly affect attitudes and behaviour (Cohen & Sherman, 2006). To date there have been none, however, that demonstrate that affirming the self can change attitudes regarding joining gangs. This thesis will test the idea. Generally speaking the justice system defines what gangs are and how to deal with gang members. Once a young person has gone down the path of joining a gang he or she is labeled. The problem is they become entrenched in being a gang member and less likely to be rehabilitated away from this way of life after a stint in prison. It would not be reasonable to think that a study of this nature would have the capacity of diverting all youths from being potential gang members but even if a small percentage were affected it could point to an important way to intervene with youth.
    [Show full text]
  • October to December, 2015 Organized Crime in Canada: a Quarterly Summary
    Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons Quarterly Summaries of Recent Events: Organized All Summaries Crime in Canada 12-2015 October to December 2015 Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/summaries Recommended Citation "October to December 2015" (2015). All Summaries. 5. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/summaries/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Quarterly Summaries of Recent Events: Organized Crime in Canada at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Summaries by an authorized administrator of Osgoode Digital Commons. October to December, 2015 Organized Crime in Canada: A Quarterly Summary Organized Crime Activities Auto Theft Corruption Counterfeiting Cyber-Crime Drug Trafficking o Cocaine o Hashish o Marijuana Gambling Human Trafficking and the Sex Trade (Contraband) Tobacco Violence Organized Crime Genres Multi-Organizational Italian Organized Crime Nigerian Organized Crime Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES Auto Theft Staff Sgt. Kristie Verheul, the head of the Calgary police economic crimes unit, says organized crime and the reorganization of police resources are factors in a 60 percent increase in car thefts during 2015. The surge in stolen vehicles began in December 2014 and affects the entire city, with about 5,000 vehicles reported stolen this year compared to about 3,000 in 2014. Police say the increase can be blamed on several factors but are primarily tied it to other crimes, including organized crime. “Vehicle crime tends to facilitate other crimes,” said Verheul. “Overall we are seeing an increase in property crimes across the board.” That means once they’re stolen, the vehicles are used for transportation – moving drugs, guns and stolen goods around – as well as committing further crimes like robberies.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning and Policy Implementation in the North St. Boniface Community 1971-1985
    Planning and Policy Implementation in the North St. Boniface Community 1971-1985 __________________ by David Linton & Marianne Wade 1985 __________________ The Institute of Urban Studies FOR INFORMATION: The Institute of Urban Studies The University of Winnipeg 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg phone: 204.982.1140 fax: 204.943.4695 general email: [email protected] Mailing Address: The Institute of Urban Studies The University of Winnipeg 515 Portage Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9 PLANNING AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NORTH ST. BONIFACE COMMUNITY 1971- 1985 Published 1985 by the Institute of Urban Studies, University of Winnipeg © THE INSTITUTE OF URBAN STUDIES Note: The cover page and this information page are new replacements, 2015. The Institute of Urban Studies is an independent research arm of the University of Winnipeg. Since 1969, the IUS has been both an academic and an applied research centre, committed to examining urban development issues in a broad, non-partisan manner. The Institute examines inner city, environmental, Aboriginal and community development issues. In addition to its ongoing involvement in research, IUS brings in visiting scholars, hosts workshops, seminars and conferences, and acts in partnership with other organizations in the community to effect positive change. PLANNING AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NORTH ST. BONIFACE COMMUNITY 1971 - 1985 Sponsored by: N.E.U.F. Inc. Prepared by: David Linton Marianne Wade Institute of Urban Studies November 25,1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 NORTH ST. BONIFACE PROFILE 3 2.1 Data Sources 3 2.2 Census Data Analysis 4 2.2:1 Population 4 2.2.2 Income and "Mother Tongue" 6 2.2.3 Housing 6 2.3 NIP Data Analysis 12 2.3.1 Variables 12 2.3.2 Frequency Distributions 13 2.3.3 Contingency Tables 23 2.4 Summary 35 3.0 NORTH ST.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerry Sauvé Calgary Young Offender Centre Criminal Intelligence Services Canada Estimates That There Are Over 300 Gangs in Canada
    Kerry Sauvé Calgary Young Offender Centre Criminal Intelligence Services Canada estimates that there are over 300 gangs in Canada. With approximately 11,000 members, gangs represent a significant threat to the safety and stability of our communities. “Substantive evidence indicates that about 95% of the property crime reported to us is directly linked to the illicit drug trade, which is, for all intents and purposes controlled by organized crime groups that have refined the ability to profit from criminal activity to a science.” Chief Richard Deering, Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Gangs are all about business. Make no mistake about it, gangs exist to make money period. Drugs, Guns and Girls are the big three money makers for gangs. However gang related activity can be linked to any criminal activity from break and enters to murder for hire. Drugs are controlled by organized crime and gangs period. There is simply too much money involved for independents to be allowed to operate. Drugs are a business; and just like businesses everywhere they strive to generate maximum profit from the labour force/customer base available.. Criminal Intelligence Services Canada estimates that Canada exports between 10-30 Billion dollars worth of marihuana to the US annually and that the drug trade in general is worth over 400 Billion world wide. According to a United Nations survey, the worldwide dollar value of illegal drugs is second only to the amount spent on the arms trade. The DEA estimates that one dollar out of every four in the world economy is a narco-dollar. Outlaw motorcycle gangs, street gangs and other organized crime groups are waging a drug war of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • State Responses to Biker Gangs in Canada
    Dalhousie Law Journal Volume 40 Issue 2 Article 7 10-1-2017 Hit Them Where it Hurts: State Responses to Biker Gangs in Canada Graema Melcher Bennett Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/dlj Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Graema Melcher, "Hit Them Where it Hurts: State Responses to Biker Gangs in Canada" (2017) 40:2 Dal LJ 609. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Law Journal by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Graeme Melcher* Hit Them Where it Hurts: State Responses to Biker Gangs in Canada From civil and criminal forfeiture, to "gangsterism" offences in the Criminal Code, Canada does not lack for tools to address biker gangs. Yet attempts to stamp out bikers have met with little to no success. State responses to criminal organizations should use those organizations' own structures and symbols of power against them. A gang's reputation may be effectively used against a gang, but this strategy poses significant challenges to prosecution. Attempts to use a gang's internal hierarchy and administrative structure can succeed, but may only produce circumstantial findings if not supported by sufficient and substantial evidence. Attempts to combat gang violence by targeting their clubhouses, whether through forfeiture provisions or through municipal bylaws, may prove the most effective methods of targeting biker gangs. The issue is not a lack of resources; those resources are used inefficiently and ineffectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 5 Number of WITB Recipients and Amount Credited by Federal Electoral District, 2017 Table 5 Number of WITB Recipients
    Table 5 Number of WITB recipients and amount credited by Federal Electoral District, 2017 Assessed WITB Federal Electoral District Number of WITB Credit Recipients ($ dollars) Abbotsford 4,500 3,486,000 Abitibi--Baie-James--Nunavik--Eeyou 3,490 2,603,000 Abitibi--Témiscamingue 2,490 1,885,000 Acadie--Bathurst 3,050 2,136,000 Ahuntsic-Cartierville 5,720 4,838,000 Ajax 6,060 5,296,000 Alfred-Pellan 3,800 3,288,000 Algoma--Manitoulin--Kapuskasing 2,620 1,994,000 Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation 3,830 3,225,000 Aurora--Oak Ridges--Richmond Hill 5,450 4,925,000 Avalon 2,220 1,624,000 Avignon--La Mitis--Matane--Matapédia 1,890 1,359,000 Banff--Airdrie 4,950 3,765,000 Barrie--Innisfil 4,990 4,188,000 Barrie--Springwater--Oro-Medonte 4,590 3,666,000 Battle River--Crowfoot 4,450 3,520,000 Battlefords--Lloydminster 2,680 2,107,000 Bay of Quinte 4,240 3,244,000 Beaches--East York 5,240 4,286,000 Beauce 2,610 2,135,000 Beauport--Côte-de-Beaupré--Île d’Orléans--Charlevoix 2,140 1,774,000 Beauport--Limoilou 3,280 2,651,000 Beauséjour 2,680 2,000,000 Bellechasse--Les Etchemins--Lévis 2,710 2,185,000 Beloeil--Chambly 2,960 2,466,000 Berthier--Maskinongé 3,410 2,764,000 Bonavista--Burin--Trinity 2,070 1,457,000 Bourassa 6,410 5,345,000 Bow River 4,480 3,643,000 (Continued) Notes: 1. All counts are rounded to the nearest ten and all amounts are rounded to the nearest thousand.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head: in and out of ABORIGINAL GANG LIFE-GOODWILL
    IN AND OUT OF ABORIGINAL GANG LIFE: PERSPECTIVES OF ABORIGINAL EX-GANG MEMBERS by Alanaise O. Goodwill B.Sc., Simon Fraser University, 1998 M.A., The University of British Columbia, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Counselling Psychology) THE UNIVERISITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) June 2009 © Alanaise O. Goodwill, 2009 ii ABSTRACT This research project generated a categorical scheme to describe the facilitation of gang entry and exit for Aboriginal ex-gang members using the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954; Woolsey, 1986) as a method of qualitative data analysis. Former gang members responded to the questions: (a) What facilitated gang entry for you? (b) What facilitated gang exit for you? Participants provided 103 and 136 critical incidents which were categorized into two separate category schemes each containing 13 different categories. The 13 categories for gang entry were; engaging in physical violence, proving one’s worth, hanging around delinquent activity, family involved in gangs and following a family pattern; going to prison, gang becoming family and support system, looking up to gang members and admiring gang lifestyle, becoming dependant on gang, experiencing unsafe or unsupportive parenting practices, gaining respect by rank increase, reacting to authority, caught in a cycle of fear, and partying. The 13 categories for gang exit were; working in the legal workforce, accepting support from family or girlfriend, helping others stay out of or move away from gang life, not wanting to go back to jail, accepting responsibility for family, accepting guidance and protection, participating in ceremony, avoiding alcohol, publically expressing that you are out of the gang, wanting legitimate relationships outside gang life, experiencing a native brotherhood, stopping self from reacting like a gangster, and acknowledging the drawbacks of gang violence.
    [Show full text]
  • CBC Nir Nov 08.Indd
    A COMMUNITY FIGHTS GANGS AND GUNS Introduction Two-year-old Asia Saddleback was Descent Into Chaos Focus eating a bowl of soup at her family’s The shooting of The descent of Hobbema into chaos Asia Saddleback on kitchen table when a bullet ripped can be traced to a number of factors: the Samson Cree through the side of her house, striking substance abuse, shattered families, Reserve in Hobbema, her in the stomach. Asia was taken by poverty, unemployment, and the erosion Alberta, thrust the air ambulance to an Edmonton hospital. of Aboriginal traditions to name a few. national spotlight on The bullet hit her kidney and her spine, Couple these socio-economic factors Aboriginal gangs. This but the resilient girl survived—despite with evidence of systemic racism (much News in Review story the fact that doctors were unable to examines the problems of which was revealed in the now in Hobbema as well remove the bullet. Within days, two defunct residential school system that as the gang problem teenage boys, one 15 and one 18, were openly tried to destroy Aboriginal culture across Canada. charged in the drive-by attack. While it over its 100-year history) and it becomes was clear the boys didn’t intend to shoot clear why First Nations communities are Asia, police struggled to find out why in what seems to be a state of perpetual they fired on the house in the first place. crisis. Hobbema appears to be the current The incident horrified people living in epicentre of this crisis, as an array of Hobbema, and soon all of Canada would troubles have hit the town.
    [Show full text]
  • ELECTORAL DISTRICTS Proposal for the Province of Manitoba
    ELECTORAL DISTRICTS Proposal for the Province of Manitoba Published pursuant to the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act Table of Contents Part I — Preamble ........................................................................................................................... 3 Part II — Notice of Sittings for the Hearing of Representations .................................................. 10 Part III — Rules ............................................................................................................................ 11 Schedule — Maps, Proposed Boundaries and Names of Electoral Districts ................................ 14 2 Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for the Province of Manitoba Proposal Part I — Preamble Introduction Each decade, after the decennial census is completed, a key democratic exercise called electoral redistribution takes place. Redistribution is meant to reflect population growth and the territorial shifts in population both among and within provinces. There are two steps in the redistribution process. The first step involves a recalculation of the number of seats in the House of Commons given to each province based on new population estimates and a complex formula contained in the Constitution. After the current redistribution, the number of seats in the House of Commons will have increased from 308 to 338. Four provinces—Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario—will gain seats. Along with five other provinces, Manitoba is retaining the same number of seats (14) that it had before
    [Show full text]
  • Grid Export Data
    Public Registry of Designated Travellers In accordance with the Members By-law, a Member of the House of Commons may designate one person, other than the Member’s employee or another Member who is not the Member’s spouse, as their designated traveller. The Clerk of the House of Commons maintains the Public Registry of Designated Travellers. This list discloses each Member’s designated traveller. If a Member chooses not to have a designated traveller, that Member’s name does not appear on the Public Registry of Designated Travellers. The Registry may include former Members as it also contains the names of Members whose expenditures are reported in the Members’ Expenditures Report for the current fiscal year if they ceased to be a Member on or after April 1, 2015 (the start of the current fiscal year). Members are able to change their designated traveller once every 365 days, at the beginning of a new Parliament, or if the designated traveller dies. The Public Registry of Designated Travellers is updated on a quarterly basis. Registre public des voyageurs désignés Conformément au Règlement administratif relatif aux députés, un député de la Chambre des communes peut désigner une personne comme voyageur désigné sauf ses employés ou un député dont il n’est pas le conjoint. La greffière de la Chambre des communes tient le Registre public des voyageurs désignés. Cette liste indique le nom du voyageur désigné de chaque député. Si un député préfère ne pas avoir de voyageur désigné, le nom du député ne figurera pas dans le Registre public des voyageurs désignés.
    [Show full text]
  • GANGS a Listing of Materials Available at the Justice Institute Library
    GANGS A listing of materials available at the Justice Institute Library GENERAL BOOKS Action Plan Summary 1993/94 and 1994/95: Interministry Committee on Criminal Gangs. Victoria, BC: Ministry of Attorney General. (HV 6439 C26 B755 1993) Addressing Community Gang Problems: A Model for Problem Solving. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance. (HV 6439 U5 A333 1997) Angel Dust: How the Outlaw Biker Gang Became a Criminal Empire by Alex Caine. Toronto, ON: Canada: Viking. (HV 6486 C34 2014) G Angels of Death: Inside the Bikers’ Global Crime Empire by William Marsden and Julian Sher. Toronto, ON: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. (HV 6441 M37 2006) A N Asian Gangs: What Are We Talking About? by Daniel W. Okada. Pougkeepsie, NY: Marist College. G (HV 6437 O323 1992) S Asian Street Gang Seminar, San Francisco, California, September 25-27, 1991. San Francisco, CA: Asian Gang Investigators Association of California. (HV 6791 A857 1991) The Assimilation: Rock Machine Become Bandidos--Bikers United Against the Hells Angels by Edward Winterhalder & Wil De Clercq. Toronto, ON: ECW Press. (HV 6491 C32 Q8 2008) The Ballad of Danny Wolfe: Life of a Modern Outlaw by Joe Friesen. Toronto, ON: Signal. (HV 6248 W64 F75 2016) Befriend and Betray: Infiltrating the Hells Angels, Bandidos and Other Criminal Brotherhoods by Alex Caine. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. (HV 8080 U5 C34 2008) Behind the Patch: Towards an Understanding of Public Safety and Law Enforcement Motorcycle Clubs by Karen Katz. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing. (HV 7921 K30 2011) Biker Gangs and Organized Crime by Thomas Barker.
    [Show full text]