CHANGING TRANSATLANTIC SECURITY RELATIONS This book uses the concept of a strategic triangle as an organizing principle for the study of the security relationship between the United States, the EU and Russia and provides a fresh look at the development of transatlantic security relations after September 11. To understand these relations the contributors have explored each of the three actors in the triangle. The volume first analyses the actor capability of the EU in the transatlantic context and explains how the Union can maintain such a capability, despite the controversy surrounding the proposed EU Constitution. Secondly, as Russia is now able to play a role in this strategic relationship, this book demonstrates how Russia needs to develop its democratic system and mod- ernise its economy more if it is to become fully integrated into the new strategic triangle. Finally, this volume provides a qualified assessment of the role of the new strategic triangle in the broader scheme of US grand strategy and strives to answer the question: under what US grand strategy, if any, might the strategic triangle be an important way of characterizing the security relationship among the United States, Russia and the EU? This book will be of interest to students and researchers in security and strategic studies and international relations. Jan Hallenberg is professor of political science at the Swedish National Defence College. He specializes in US foreign policy and transatlantic security relations. Håkan Karlsson is a specialist on US strategy and nuclear weapons. His publications include Bureaucratic Politics and Weapons Acquisition: The Case of the MX ICBM Program (two volumes, 2002). Both editors work in the Department of Security and Strategic Studies at the Swedish National Defence College and have recently published The Iraq War: European perspectives on politics, strategy and operations (Routledge, 2005). 1 2 3 4 511 CONTEMPORARY SECURITY STUDIES 6 7 NATO’S SECRET ARMIES 8 Operation Gladio and terrorism in Western Europe 9 Daniele Ganser 0 11 THE US, NATO AND MILITARY BURDEN-SHARING 12 Peter Kent Forster and Stephen J. Cimbala 13 14 RUSSIAN GOVERNANCE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 15 Geo-strategy, geopolitics and new governance 16 Irina Isakova 17 THE FOREIGN OFFICE AND FINLAND 1938–1940 18 Diplomatic sideshow 19 Craig Gerrard 20 21 RETHINKING THE NATURE OF WAR 22 Isabelle Duyvesteyn and Jan Angstrom (eds) 23 24 PERCEPTION AND REALITY IN THE MODERN 25 YUGOSLAV CONFLICT 26 Myth, falsehood and deceit 1991–1995 Brendan O’Shea 27 28 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PEACEBUILDING IN 29 POST-DAYTON BOSNIA 30 Tim Donais 31 32 THE DISTRACTED EAGLE 33 The rift between America and Old Europe 34 Peter H. Merkl 35 36 THE IRAQ WAR European perspectives on politics, strategy, and operations 37 Jan Hallenberg and Håkan Karlsson (eds) 38 39 STRATEGIC CONTEST 40 Weapons proliferation and war in the Greater Middle East 41 Richard L. Russell 42 43 PROPAGANDA, THE PRESS AND CONFLICT 44 The Gulf War and Kosovo David R. Willcox MISSILE DEFENCE International, regional and national implications Bertel Heurlin and Sten Rynning (eds) GLOBALISING JUSTICE FOR MASS ATROCITIES A revolution in accountability Chandra Lekha Sriram ETHNIC CONFLICT AND TERRORISM The origins and dynamics of civil wars Joseph L. Soeters GLOBALISATION AND THE FUTURE OF TERRORISM Patterns and predictions Brynjar Lia NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND STRATEGY The evolution of American nuclear policy Stephen J. Cimbala NASSER AND THE MISSILE AGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST Owen L. Sirrs WAR AS RISK MANAGEMENT Strategy and conflict in an age of globalised risks Yee-Kuang Heng MILITARY NANOTECHNOLOGY Potential applications and preventive arms control Jürgen Altmann NATO AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Regional alliance, global threats Eric R. Terzuolo EUROPEANIZATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY IDENTITY The EU and the changing security identities of the Nordic states Pernille Rieker INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACE-BUILDING Sustaining the peace in post conflict societies T. David Mason and James D. Meernik (eds) CONTROLLING THE WEAPONS OF WAR Politics, persuasion, and the prohibition of inhumanity Brian Rappert CHANGING TRANSATLANTIC SECURITY RELATIONS Do the US, the EU and Russia form a new strategic triangle? Jan Hallenberg and Håkan Karlsson (eds) THEORETICAL ROOTS OF US FOREIGN POLICY Machiavelli and American unilateralism Thomas M. Kane CORPORATE SOLDIERS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY The rise of private military companies Christopher Kinsey TRANSFORMING EUROPEAN MILITARIES Coalition operations and the technology gap Gordon Adams and Guy Ben-Ari GLOBALIZATION AND CONFLICT National security in a ‘new’ strategic era Robert G. Patman (ed.) THE POLITICAL ROAD TO WAR WITH IRAQ Bush, 9/11 and the drive to overthrow Saddam Nick Ritchie and Paul Rogers BOSNIAN SECURITY AFTER DAYTON New perspectives Michael A. Innes (ed.) KENNEDY, JOHNSON AND NATO Britain, America and the dynamics of alliance Andrew Priest CHANGING TRANSATLANTIC SECURITY RELATIONS Do the US, the EU and Russia form a new strategic triangle? Edited by Jan Hallenberg and Håkan Karlsson ~l Routledge ~ ~ Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 Jan Hallenberg and Håkan Karlsson Typeset in Times New Roman by Keystroke, Jacaranda Lodge, Wolverhampton The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Changing transatlantic security relations : do the U.S., EU, and Russia form a new strategic triangle? / edited by Jan Hallenberg and Håkan Karlsson.–1st ed. p. cm. – (Contemporary security studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United States–Foreign relations–European Union countries. 2. European Union countries–Foreign relations–United States. 3. United States–Foreign relations–Russia (Federation) 4. Russia (Federation)–Foreign relations–United States. 5. European Union countries–Foreign relations–Russia (Federation). 6. Russia (Federation)–Foreign relations–European Union countries. 7. Security, International. I. Hallenberg, Jan. II. Karlsson, Håkan. III. Series: Cass contemporary security studies series. JZ1480.A57E883 2006 355′.03300511–dc22 2005029259 ISBN 13: 978–0–415–39116–0 (hbk) CONTENTS Notes on contributors ix Preface x List of abbreviations xi 1 A new strategic triangle: defining changing transatlantic security relations 1 JAN HALLENBERG AND HÅKAN KARLSSON 2 The impact of enlargement on EU actorness: enhanced capacity, weakened cohesiveness 18 MAGNUS EKENGREN AND KJELL ENGELBREKT 3 The building of a military capability in the European Union: some internal and external implications 44 ARITA ERIKSSON 4 Poland and the Czech Republic: new members torn between the EU and NATO 63 FREDRIK BYNANDER 5 Strategic coercion: a tool for the EU or for Europe’s major powers? 84 ADRIAN HYDE-PRICE 6 The alien and the traditional: the EU facing a transforming Russia 105 CHARLOTTE WAGNSSON 7 The implications for Putin’s policy toward Ukraine and Belarus of NATO and EU expansion 125 BERTIL NYGREN vii CONTENTS 8 The ‘new strategic triangle’ and the US grand strategy debate 146 PETER DOMBROWSKI AND ANDREW L. ROSS 9 The ties that bind? Economic relations among the United States, the EU, and Russia 167 JAN HALLENBERG 10 The United States and Russia: a clash of strategic visions 184 HÅKAN KARLSSON 11 Conclusions 205 JAN HALLENBERG AND HÅKAN KARLSSON References 216 Index 242 viii CONTRIBUTORS Fredrik Bynander is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College. Peter Dombrowski is Professor of Strategic Studies in the Strategic Research Department of the Naval War College’s Center for Naval Warfare Studies. Magnus Ekengren is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College. Kjell Engelbrekt is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College and at the Department of Political Science, Stockholm University. Arita Eriksson is Ph.D. candidate in Political Science, Stockholm University and is employed at the Swedish National Defence College. Jan Hallenberg is Professor of Political Science at the Swedish National Defence College and adjunct Professor at the Department of Political Science, Stockholm University. Adrian Hyde-Price is Professor of Politics and Head of Department at the Department of Politics, Leicester University. Håkan Karlsson is Ph.D. in political science and a research associate at the Swedish National Defence College. Bertil Nygren is Associate Professor of Political Science at the Department of Political Science, Stockholm University and at the Swedish National Defence College. Andrew L. Ross is Director of the Office of Policy, Security, and Technology and Professor of Political Science at the University of New Mexico. Charlotte Wagnsson is Assistant Professor of Politics at the Swedish National Defence College. ix PREFACE This volume is the result of cooperation among a group of scholars at the Department of Security and Strategic Studies at the Swedish National Defence College. Our group has been fortunate to interact with three scholars from outside