DOCSLIB.ORG

Micrographic Parameters of Primary Stem, Flower, Fruit, and Seed of Terminalia Australis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Micrographic Parameters of Primary Stem, Flower, Fruit, and Seed of Terminalia Australis Pharmaceutical Biology 2005, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 439–454 Micrographic Parameters of Primary Stem, Flower, Fruit, and Seed of Terminalia australis Mar´ıa T. Castro, Stella M. Carpano, Javier Rossi, Marta T. Na^jera, and Etile D. Spegazzini Laboratorio de Referencia de Ana^lisis Microgra^ficos de Plantas Medicinales Alimenticias y To^xicas (LABRAM) Farmacobota^nica, Depto. Cs. Biolo^gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina Abstract Terminalia australis Cambess (Combretaceae), known as by Klucking (1991). The pollen grains have been palo amarillo, is an arboreal species, less frequently described with light microscope, on the basis of a speci­ shrubby, and native of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and men by Barth and Silva (1965) and Markgraf and Argentina. Antimicrobial activity was verified through D'Antoni (1978). investigations carried out with aqueous extracts from There are references dating back to the 19th century leaves. The purpose of the current work is to study the describing the use of this taxon bark as an astringent, exo-endomorphology of the aerial organs (primary stem, due to the presence of tannins (Correˆa, 1984; Hieronymus, flower, fruit, and seed) of the mentioned species in order 1882). This information was confirmed by inhabitants of to establish micrographic parameters for a future phar- the Martin Garc´ıa Island (Lahitte & Hurrell, 1995). Also, macopeic monograph. Fresh and dry materials were it was mentioned (Bassols & Gurni, 1998) as a possible studied. Sections and macerations were obtained. adulterant of Lippia turbinata Griseb. (Verbenaceae). Designs were obtained with light microscope equipped Investigations carried out with aqueous extracts from with a drawing tube, and photomicrographs were gener­ leaves demonstrated antimicrobial activity against ated with scanning electron microscope. Numerical Staphylococcus aureus (Escalante & Carpano, 1977). values were determined: lineal magnitude for the species Later, Carpano and Carosanti (1998) demonstrated the that are presented together with the data typical of the bactericidal activity of aqueous extracts of leaves and histoanatomy of the aerial organs. stems against pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aerugi­ nosa isolated from human lesions. Recently, Carpano et al. (2003) verified the antifungal activity of aqueous and Keywords: Combretaceae, flower morphology, fruit methanolic extracts of aerial organs against Aspergillus morphology, micrography, primary stem morphology, niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Candida seed morphology, Terminalia australis. albicans, and Candida kruzzei. From the phytochemical point-of-view, Dominguez Introduction et al. (1928) obtained negative results concerning the presence of alkaloids, cyanoglucosides, saponins, oxi­ Terminalia australis Cambess (Combretaceae), known as dases, and peroxidases in foliaceous stems collected in palo amarillo, has been described previously in Argentine December. Later, Hultin (1965) analyzed the leaves and papers on floristics (Exell, 1939; Cabrera & Dawson, root bark and detected alkaloids only in the former. 1944; Fabris, 1965; Leonardis, 1976; Lahitte & Hurrell, The aim of the current work was to perform an exo- 1997a; Guaglianone, 1998, 1999), Brazil (Exell & Reitz, endomorphological study of the aerial organs (primary 1967), and Uruguay (Lombardo, 1964; Mun~oz et al., stem, flower, fruit, and seed) of the mentioned species, 1993). The exo-endomorphology of the leaves has been with the purpose of obtaining micrographical parameters studied by Castro et al. (2001) and its nervation pattern for a future pharmacopeic monograph. Accepted: January 1, 2005 Address correspondence to: Mar´ıa T. Castro, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata (1900), Argentina. Fax: 54-221-4254389; E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1080/13880200590963862 # 2005 Taylor & Francis Ltd. 440 M.T. Castro et al. Materials and Methods s=nro. (UPCB 21954). Mun. Tre` s Barras do Parana^: Rio Guaran´ı, S.M. Silva s=nro. (UPCB 20681), I. Fresh and dry materials of T. australis were analyzed. They Isernhagen et M. Borgo 123 (UPCB). Mun. Vizin- were collected in Punta Lara, Province of Buenos Aires, hos: Foz do Chopim, G. Hatschbach 20575 (LP, and Arroyo Cun~apiru´ , Province of Misiones (Argentina), SI, UPCB 7993). Est. Santa Catarina: Mun. Itapir- and in Real de San Carlos, Department of Colonia (Uru­ anga: 3–4 km West from Itapiranga, L.B. Smith et guay). These herborized samples have been incorporated Klein 13169 (LP). Mun. Riqueza: Rio Iracema, into the Herbarium of the Museo de Bota^nica y Farmacog­ L.B. Smith et Klein 13117 (LP, SI). Mun. Sa˜o nosia ‘‘Carlos Spegazzini'' of the Facultad de Ciencias Miguel d'Oeste: Peperi, L.B. Smith et Klein 13246 Exactas de La Plata, UNLP (LPE). The specimens come (SI). from the following Institutions: LP (Herbarium of Museo de La Plata, Argentina), LPA (Herbarium of Facultad de Agronom´ıa, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina), MBM (Museo Paraguay Bota^nico Municipal de Curitiva, Brazil), SI (Instituto Dar­ Dpto Itapu´ a: Alto Parana^, Encarnacio^n, T. Rojas 10824 winion, San Isidro, Argentina), and UPCB (Herbarium of (SI). the Department de Bota^nica de la Universidad Federal de Parana^, Curitiva, Brazil). Uruguay Dpto. Colonia: Colonia del Sacramento, coastal road to Argentina Real de San Carlos, Castro 194 (LPE); Real de San Province of Buenos Aires: Pta. Lara, Freire 3=11=79 Carlos, opposite the Municipal Camping Site, (LPA), Punta Lara Natural Reserve, on the road to Castro 195 (LPE); Riachuelo, A.L. Cabrera 3905 Villa Elisa 50 m from the coastal road, Castro 193 (LP); Playa Ferrando, Castro 233 (LPE). Dpto. (LPE); Parador ‘‘El T´ıo,'' Castro 204 (LPE); 70 m from R´ıo Negro: Loc. San Javier, G. Herter 11=27, ex­ Boca Cerrada stream, Castro 197 (LPE); entrance to herb 82822 (SI). the Reserve, Castro 196 (LPE); next to the shed, Castro 234 (LPE). Arboretum Fac. Agronom´ıa, Fabris 1882 Cuts of primary stem, flower, fruit, and seed (LP). San Isidro, Institute Darwinion Park, N.M. Baci- (transverse, longitudinal, radial, and tangential, as it cor­ galupo s=nro. (SI 17462). Mart´ınGarc´ıa Island, J. Hur- responds) and primary stem and fruit macerations with rell et al. 1118, 1327, 3855 (LP), Gamerro 1003 (LP). 10% NaOH and Jeffrey mixtures were obtained; Province of Corrientes: Dpto. San Mart´ın: R.N. 129 diagnostic histochemical reactions were performed to crossing above the Guavirar´ı stream, O. Boelcke, show calcium oxalate (hydrochloric acid), tannins (ferric N.N. Correa, N. Bacigalupo et S.C. Arroyo nro. chlorate, potassium iodate), alkaloids (Dragendorff), M.N. Correa 5347 (SI); La Cruz, A. Burkart 7871 hoja aleurone (xylene, picric acid), starch (solution of iodine), a (SI). Dpto. Santo Tome´: Krapovickas et al. 21083 lipids (Sudan III), and lignin (phloroglucinol solution). (LP). Province of Entre R´ıos: Dpto. Concepcio^n del In reference to the technique used for the observation Uruguay: Concepcio^ n del Uruguay, Municipal Bath­ of the primary stem, anther, fruit, and seed with a scan­ ing Resort Itape, N.M. Tur, R. Guaglianone et C.N. ning electron microscope (SEM), the fresh material was Skorupka 1908 (SI). Dpto. Concordia: A.L. Cabrera washed with chlorinated distilled water and fixed in et Sagastegui 19304 (LP); N. Berti et Escalante 272 FAA for 48 h. With respect to the grains of nonaceto­ (LP). Cambacua Island, A.L. Cabrera 12330 (LP). lyzed pollen, they were washed with absolute alcohol. Delta, Brazo largo A.C. Scala s=nro. (LP 38366). Prov­ Later, the materials were mounted and dried on an ince of Misiones: Dpto. Cainguas: UNLP Private aluminum plate. The observations and photomicro­ Reserve ‘‘Valle del Arroyo Cun~apiru´ ,'' on the banks graphs were performed with a Jeol JSM-T100 from the of Cun~apiru´ stream, Castro 231 (LPE), 3=20=01. Dpto. Museum de ciencias Naturales SEM Service in La Plata. Candelaria: Santa Ana, Rodr´ıguez 602 hoja a (SI); According to Erdtman (1969), acetolyzed grains, Dpto. Concepcio^n, A.L. Cabrera et al. 28679 (SI). mounted in glycerine-gelatin and sealed with paraffin, Dpto. San Ignacio: Salto Tabay, O. Boelcke, N. Cor­ were observed under a light microscope (LM). Prepara­ rea et al. 5382 hojas a y b (SI). Dpto. Montecarlo: tions of nonchemically treated pollen grains were made Pto. Piray, S.A. Renvoize 3193 (MBM). Dpto. San with Wodehouse's technique (1935) in order to compare Pedro: R´ıo Pitay-Guazu´ , O. Boelcke et al. 5487 (SI). them with the acetolyzed pollen. The shape was defined in accordance with the Dp=De relation (Erdtman, 1952) and in measuring the pores, the polar axis being Brasil indicated first and then followed by the equatorial axis. Est Parana^: Mun. Curitiva: Loc. Encas, G. Hatschbach The palynological terminology used here agrees with 35171 (LP). Mun. Foz do Iguac¸u: Itaipu´, J.A. Cordoni Punt et al. (1994). All the values obtained from each Micrographic parameters of T. australis 441 parameter were expressed in ranges, average, mode oblanceolate, 4–6 times longer than broad, 2–12 cm (Mo), and standard deviation(s). long, generally in acute apex, brochidodromous ner­ Observations were made in Farmacobota´ nica, Facul­ vation, with 4–7 couples of lateral veins shown in the tad de Ciencias Exactas, with a stereoscopic microscope abaxial face, shortly peciolate. Iroscope YZ-6 and a light microscope Olympus CH, and Fenology: It blooms in spring and fructifies in summer the original designs were made with this microscope and autumn. equipped with a drawing tube Iroscope. The symbols Geographical distribution: It is a hygrophyte species that used in the designs correspond to those of Metcalfe grows in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and and Chalk (1950). northeastern Argentina, up to the Parana delta, La Plata shore, and Martin Garcia Island. Altitudinally, Results it grows from 0 to 500 m above sea level (Guaglianone, 1999). Terminalia L., Mant., 1:21, 1767. (Of the Latin terminus: Ecological observations: The specimens observed in Mis­ end, apex referring to the leaves grouped in the twig iones, on the banks of Cun~a Piru´ stream and Piray apexes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phytosociological Study of a Riverine Forest Remnant from Taquari River, State of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
    Hoehnea 45(1): 149-158, 1 tab., 5 fi g., 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-79/2017 Phytosociological study of a riverine forest remnant from Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Fabiane Lucheta 1,5, Gabriel Nicolini2, Gerson Luiz Ely Junior2, Marilaine Tremarin2, Marelise Teixeira2, Úrsula Arend3, Natália Mossmann Koch4 and Elisete Maria de Freitas2 Received: 19.10.2017; accepted: 1.02.2018 ABSTRACT - (Phytosociological study of a riverine forest remnant from Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Aiming to characterize the structure of the arboreal community in a riverine forest remnant of the Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, 42 sampling units of 100 m2 (10 × 10 m) were located. Phytosociological parameters were also assessed and the indexes of Shannon diversity (H’) and Pielou evenness (J) were evaluated. A total of 39 species, 21 families, 2.83 nats ind-1 for H’ and 0.77 for J were recorded. Among the species found, the endemic Callisthene inundata O.L. Bueno, A.D. Nilson & R.G. Magalh. and Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl. are included in the list of endangered species. The density found was of 1,557.14 ind ha-1. Luehea divaricata Mart. and Lonchocarpus nitidus Benth. showed the highest indexes of importance values. Besides contributing to the knowledge of species distribution and community structure, this study points out the need for conservation of existing native forest remnants. Keywords: alien species, arboreal community, endemic species, riparian vegetation, Taquari-Antas river basin RESUMO - (Estudo fi tossociológico de um remanescente da fl oresta ribeirinha do rio Taquari, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil).
    [Show full text]
  • Ficha Informativa De Los Humedales De Ramsar (FIR) Versión 2009-2012
    Ficha Informativa de los Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) versión 2009-2012 1. Nombre y dirección del compilador de la Ficha: PARA USO INTERNO DE LA OFICINA DE RAMSAR . DD MM YY Sandro Menezes Silva Conservação Internacional (CI-Brasil) R. Paraná, 32 CEP-79020-290 Designation date Site Reference Number Campo Grande - MS – Brasil [email protected] Tel: +55(67) 3326-0002 Fax: +55(67) 3326-8737 2. Fecha en que la Ficha se llenó /actualizó : Julio 2008 3. País: Brasil 4. Nombre del sitio Ramsar: Reserva Particular del Patrimonio Natural (RPPN) “Fazenda Rio Negro” 5. Designación de nuevos sitios Ramsar o actualización de los ya existentes: Esta FIR es para (marque una sola casilla) : a) Designar un nuevo sitio Ramsar o b) Actualizar información sobre un sitio Ramsar existente 6. Sólo para las actualizaciones de FIR, cambios en el sitio desde su designación o anterior actualización: 7. Mapa del sitio: a) Se incluye un mapa del sitio, con límites claramente delineados, con el siguiente formato: i) versión impresa (necesaria para inscribir el sitio en la Lista de Ramsar): Anexo 1 ; ii ) formato electrónico (por ejemplo, imagen JPEG o ArcView) iii) un archivo SIG con tablas de atributos y vectores georreferenciados sobre los límites del sitio b) Describa sucintamente el tipo de delineación de límites aplicado: El límite del Sitio Ramsar es el mismo de la RPPN Fazenda Rio Negro, reconocida oficialmente como área protegida por el gobierno de la Provincia de Mato Grosso 8. Coordenadas geográficas (latitud / longitud, en grados y minutos): Lat 19°33'2.78"S / long 56°13'27.93"O (coordenadas de la sede de la hacienda) 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Especies Prioritarias Para La Conservación En Uruguay (.Pdf 4533
    Especies Prioritarias para la Conservación en Uruguay 2009 CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................................ 6 CONTEXTO ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 PROCESO DE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES PRIORITARIAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN .......................................................... 7 CRITERIOS GENERALES UTILIZADOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES PRIORITARIAS .................................................. 8 2. RESULTADOS GENERALES ........................................................................................................................ 11 CRITERIOS UTILIZADOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES PRIORITARIAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE CADA GRUPO BIOLÓGICO................................................................................................................................................................ 16 VERTEBRADOS ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 MOLUSCOS CONTINENTALES ..................................................................................................................................... 22 PLANTAS CONTINENTALES ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Woody Flora of Uruguay: Inventory and Implication Within the Pampean Region
    Acta Botanica Brasilica 26(3): 537-552. 2012. Woody flora of Uruguay: inventory and implication within the Pampean region Federico Haretche1, Patricia Mai1 and Alejandro Brazeiro1,2 Recebido em 9/02/2012. Aceito em 24/04/2012 RESUMO (Flora lenhosa do Uruguai: inventário e implicação na região Pampeana). Contar com um conhecimento adequado da flora é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de investigação em diversos campos disciplinares. Neste contexto, nosso trabalho surge da necessidade de atualizar e melhorar a informação disponível sobre a flora lenhosa nativa do Uruguai. Nossos objetivos são determinar objetivamente a flora lenhosa uruguaia (arbustos e árvores), avaliar a completude do inventário e explorar sua similaridade com regiões vizinhas. Ao analisar a flora do Uruguai, produzi- mos definições operacionais de arbustos e árvores e obtivemos uma lista de 313 espécies (57 famílias, 124 gêneros). Usando 7.418 registros de distribuição, geramos curvas acumulativas de riqueza de espécies para estimar o potencial máximo de riqueza de espécies em escala nacional e local. Concluímos que a completude a nível nacional é elevado (89-95%), mas em escala local é menor e bastante heterogêneo. Existem ainda grandes áreas sem dados ou com pouca informação. Encontramos que as espécies arbóreas do Uruguai, comparativamente, apresentam similaridade elevada com a Província de Entre Rios (Argentina), média com a Província de Buenos Aires (Argentina) e baixa com o Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Conclui-se que a riqueza de árvores e arbustos da flora uruguaia é maior do que a esperada para uma região de pradarias, e as diferenças encontradas nos indíces de similaridade com as floras lenhosas vizinhas estimulam estudos futuros para reavaliar o esquema fitogeográfico da região.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Management and the Impact on Water Resources: a Review of 13 Countries
    United Nations International Educational, Scientific and Hydrological Cultural Organization Programme Forest Management and the impact on water resources: a review of 13 countries IHP - VIII / Technical document Nº 37 Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization International Hydrological Programme International Sediment Initiative Forest management and the impact on water resources: a review of 13 countries EDITORS Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich, Daniel G. Neary, David F. Scott, Richard G. Benyon, Teresa Reyna. Published in 2017 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and UNESCO Regional Office for Sciences for Latin America and the Caribbean – UNESCO Montevideo © UNESCO 2017 ISBN 978-92-3-100216-8 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/ open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover photo: CC0 License Graphic design: Leonardo Alvarez de Ron Cover design: María Noel Pereyra Typeset: Pablo García Chevesich Edition: Miguel Doria, Soledad Benítez, Joaquín Jafif and Tatiana Másmela Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Salvia Guaranitica A. St.- Hil. Ex Benth. SCORE:9.0
    TAXON: Salvia guaranitica A. St.- SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Hil. ex Benth. Taxon: Salvia guaranitica A. St.-Hil. ex Benth. Family: Lamiaceae Common Name(s): 'black and blue' Synonym(s): Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 26 May 2017 WRA Score: 9.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Herbaceous Perennial, Garden Weed, Ornamental, Bird-Pollinated, Spreads Vegetatively Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 26 May 2017 (Salvia guaranitica A.
    [Show full text]
  • Commelinaceae)
    i Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva Filogenia e revisão de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae) Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini Orientadora: Cassia Mônica Sakuragui Co-orientadora: Rafaela Campostrini Forzza 2015 ii Filogenia e revisão de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae) Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientadora: Cassia Mônica Sakuragui Co-orientadora: Rafaela Campostrini Forzza Rio de Janeiro Julho/ 2015 iii Filogenia e revisão de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae) Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini Orientadora: Cassia Mônica Sakuragui Co-orientadora: Rafaela Campostrini Forzza Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre. Aprovada por: _______________________________ Presidente, Prof.ª Dr.ª Claudia Augusta de Moraes Russo (UFRJ) _______________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Trovó Lopes de Oliveira (UFRJ) _______________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Adriana Quintella Lobão (UFF) _______________________________ Prof. ª Dr. ª Leila Pessoa (UFRJ) – Suplente _______________________________ Prof. ª Dr. ª Elsie Franklin Guimarães (JBRJ) – Suplente Rio de Janeiro Julho/ 2015 iv PELLEGRINI, Marco Octávio de Oliveira Filogenia e revisão de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae)/ Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, Instituto de Biologia, 2015. xiii, 207 f., 27 il.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Alternaria Spp. As Pathogenic on the Native Species Terminalia Australis and Salvia Guaranitica
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, 36-41 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.46A006 Published Online June 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) Identification of Alternaria spp. as Pathogenic on the Native Species Terminalia australis and Salvia guaranitica Mariana Kameniecki1,2, Eduardo R. Wright1*, Marta C. Rivera1 1Plant Pathology, School of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2Asociación Ribera Norte, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: *[email protected] Received April 16th, 2013; revised May 16th, 2013; accepted June 1st, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Mariana Kameniecki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT This work is the result of activities included in the cooperative project between Asociación Ribera Norte (ARN) and the Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires. ARN is a non-governmental organi- zation created in 1993 mainly for the management of the Reserva Ecológica Municipal Ribera Norte, a preservation area located in San Isidro (North of Buenos Aires), within the Provincia Paranaense region. The aims were to identify diseases in native plant species growing there. Light brown leaf spots with thin brown margins and narrow yellow halos were observed on Terminalia australis (mean disease severity: 25%). The pathogen was isolated, inoculated on healthy plants, reisolated from infected leaves and identified as Alternaria tenuissima. Similarly, another leaf-spot disease was observed on Salvia guaranitica, characterized by reddish brown large spots developed from the apexes and margins towards the centre of the leaves, reaching the veins in some cases (mean severity: 20%).
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Management and the Impact on Water Resources: a Review of 13 Countries
    United Nations International Educational, Scientific and Hydrological Cultural Organization Programme Forest Management and the impact on water resources: a review of 13 countries IHP - VIII / Technical document Nº 37 Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization International Hydrological Programme International Sediment Initiative Forest management and the impact on water resources: a review of 13 countries EDITORS Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich, Daniel G. Neary, David F. Scott, Richard G. Benyon, Teresa Reyna. Published in 2017 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and UNESCO Regional Office for Sciences for Latin America and the Caribbean – UNESCO Montevideo © UNESCO 2017 ISBN 978-92-3-100216-8 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/ open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover photo: CC0 License Graphic design: Leonardo Alvarez de Ron Cover design: María Noel Pereyra Typeset: Pablo García Chevesich Edition: Miguel Doria, Soledad Benítez, Joaquín Jafif and Tatiana Másmela Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Trends in the Flora of Rio Grande Do Sul State
    BALDUINIA. n. 21, p. 01-14, 15-IV-2010 TENDÊNCIAS ANATÔMICAS NA FLORA SUL-RIO-GRANDENSE. 1- ELEMENTOS VASCULARES I SIDINEI RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS2 JOSE NEWTON CARDOSO MARCHIORP RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou reunir informações e estabelecer tendências sobre a anatomia da madeira de espécies nativas no Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram extraídos, basicamente, de artigos publicados pelos autores entre 1980 e 2009. Foram investigadas 79 espécies, de 24 fanulias de Dicotiledôneas. Anéis de crescimento distintos, placas de perfuração simples e pontoações intervasculares alternas aparecem em mais de 90% das espécies investigadas. São também predominantes: porosidade difusa; poros muito pequenos 2 « 50 11m),agrupados em múltiplos, em arranjo radiallracemiforme e com densidade superior a 20/mm ; elementos vasculares curtos « 350 11m);e pontoações intervasculares pequenas (4 - 7 11m),não ornamenta- das. Os padrões observados podem ser explicados, em parte, pelo elevado número de espécies de determina- das fanulias botânicas, bem como pelo posicionamento latitudinal do Estado. Palavras-chave: Anatomia da madeira, elementos vasculares, anéis de crescimento. ABSTRACT [Anatomical trends in the flora of Rio Grande do Sul state. 1 - Vascular elements]. The present work aimed to gather information and to establish wood anatomical trends in native species from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The analyzed data were obtained, basically, from papers published by the authors, between 1980 and 2009. Seventy nine species were investigated, belonging to 24
    [Show full text]
  • 2.2. Orden Myrtales
    18 2.2. Orden Myrtales Este orden, que contiene el 6% de la diversidad de las eudicotiledóneas escenciales, es reconocido por tener representantes herbáceos y leñosos, con tallos de floema interno, hojas opuestas, simples y enteras, con pequeñas estípulas; flores cimosas, con pétalos angostos en la base, cáliz formando hipanto y con nectarios; ovario ínfero, con carpelos connados y terminados en un estilo único, estambres incurvados en el botón floral. Los frutos pueden ser secos o carnosos (Freire-Fierro, 2004). La circunscripción del orden es parecida a la de Cronquist (1981), exceptuando la afinidad cercana de Vochysiaceae con el resto de familias de Myrtales (Freire-Fierro, 2004). Estudios de secuencias de ADN (Savolainen et al., 2000b, Soltis et al., 2000, Clausing y Renner, 2001) revelan que este orden está dividido en dos clados principales: uno formado por las Combretaceae como grupo hermano de las Lythraceae (que incluye Trapa y Punica) + Onagraceae. Las familias restantes forman un segundo clado, con dos sublclados: Myrtaceae + Vochysiaceae, hermanas de Heteropyxidaceae + Psiloxylaceae. El otro subclado consiste de Melastomataceae (incluyendo Memecylaceae) como grupo hermano del clado CAROP (Crypteroniaceae, Alzateaceae y Rhynchocalycaceae, Oliniaceae + Penaeaceae (Soltis et al., 2005). La posición de Myrtales dentro de Rosides es inestable, de acuerdo a un reciente análisis de rbcL de todas las angiospermas (Hilu et al., 2003, en Stevens, 2009). Sin embargo, hay estudios que soportan su posición de hermanas de las otras rosides, excepto Geraniales, Vitales y Saxifragales (Stevens, 2001). Este orden está formado por 14 familias y 900 especies. En el siguiente cladograma se muestran las relaciones entre los integrantes (Stevens, 2001): El asterisco (*) indica una relación entre 50 y 80%; el rombo, menos de 50%; las otras ramas del cladograma, más del 80% Diversidad Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE) EUDICOTILEDONEAS ESCENCIALES-Clado Rosides-Posición incierta: Myrtales 19 2.2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Changes in Plant and Animal Distribution in the Southern Extreme of the Paranaense Biogeographical Province (Northeastern
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by El Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 18(1): 9-30, 2016 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Recent changes in plant and animal distribution in the southern extreme of the Paranaense biogeographical province (northeastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina): Ecological responses to climate change? Elián Leandro GUERRERO1 & Federico Lisandro AGNOLIN2, 3 1División Plantas Vasculares Dr. Ángel L. Cabrera, Herbario LP. Museo de La Plata. La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]; 2Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Buenos Aires, Argentina; 3Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología, Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Universidad Maimónides. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract: The Northern region of Buenos Aires province, in Argentina, suffered an uninterrupted increase in rainfall and temperature values during the last decades. The aim of the present contribution is to analyze the ef- fects of such climatic change in the distribution of local flora and fauna. The analysis resulted in the recognition of distributional shifts in a total of 115 species. These changes represented the progressive southern expansion of species typically present in subtropical areas. Because all these changes have a similar orientation and direction, and included a large number of plant and animals with different ecological requirements, it is here postulated that those geographical changes are probably a response to climatic alteration. Key words: Buenos Aires; climate change; riparian forest; species distribution.
    [Show full text]