HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.Pdf

HIA AIMS TO MAKE THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF PUBLIC DECISIONS EXPLICIT.

Source: Human Impact Partners. A Health Impact Assessment Toolkit: A Handbook to Conducting HIA, 3rd Edition. Oakland, CA: Human Impact Partners. February 2011. C2C PLAN – HOUSING GOAL 3 STRATEGY: IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND AND ADDRESS PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF HOUSING STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS, CONSIDER CONDUCTING HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS WHEN APPROVING NEW OR UNDERTAKING POLICY MAKING WITH REGARD TO PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. C2C PLAN – IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX DETERMINE VIABILITY OF USING HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • WHAT IS HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT • THE WHY (HIA) • THE HOW • GOALS OF HIA IN PUBLIC DECISION- • HIA PROCESS MAKING • RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER EFFORTS • FOUR BASIC TYPES • NACO’S HEALTHIEST CITIES AND • THE WHO COUNTIES CHALLENGE TOOLKIT • THE WHAT • NEXT STEPS • THE WHEN • RESOURCES • THE WHERE • QUESTIONS ONE TOOL PLANNERS CAN USE TO INFORM COMMUNITY DECISIONS ABOUT THE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OR PROPOSALS IS THE HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (HIA). THE GOAL OF HIA IS TO APPLY AVAILABLE RESEARCH ABOUT HEALTH IMPACTS TO SPECIFIC LAND-USE QUESTIONS TO DEVELOP EVIDENCE- BASED RECOMMENDATIONS TO INFORM DECISION-MAKING.

Source: The Effective Use of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Land-Use Decision Making – Salkin and Ko (October 2011) WHAT IS HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT?

• HIA BRINGS TOGETHER SCIENTIFIC DATA, HEALTH EXPERTISE, AND STAKEHOLDER INPUT TO IDENTIFY THE POTENTIAL AND OFTEN OVERLOOKED POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH OF PROPOSED LAWS, REGULATIONS, PROJECTS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS. • PROVIDE PRAGMATIC, EVIDENCE-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT HOW TO REDUCE RISKS, PROMOTE BENEFITS, AND MONITOR THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTED DECISION.6 THESE ASSESSMENTS HAVE BEEN USED TO INFORM DECISION-MAKING IN A RANGE OF SECTORS, INCLUDING PLANNING, AGRICULTURE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, ECONOMIC POLICY, TRANSPORTATION, AND HOUSING.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) GOALS OF HIA IN PUBLIC DECISION- MAKING • IDENTIFYING HARMS AND BENEFITS BEFORE DECISIONS ARE MADE. • IDENTIFYING EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND PREVENT DISEASE. • INCREASING TRANSPARENCY IN THE POLICY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS. • SUPPORTING INCLUSIVE AND DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAKING. • SUPPORTING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES. • ADVANCING EQUITY AND JUSTICE. • SHIFTING DECISION-MAKING FROM AN ECONOMIC TO A QUALITY OF LIFE FRAMEWORK. • INFORMING A DISCUSSION OF THE TRADE-OFFS INVOLVED WITH A PROJECT OR POLICY. • FACILITATING DECISIONS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION.

Source: Human Impact Partners. A Health Impact Assessment Toolkit: A Handbook to Conducting HIA, 3rd Edition. Oakland, CA: Human Impact Partners. February 2011. FOUR BASIC TYPES (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 2011)

• RAPID: AN HIA THAT CAN BE COMPLETED IN A SHORT TIME FRAME (WEEKS OR MONTHS), OFTEN FOCUSED ON LESS COMPLEX DECISIONS. THESE HIAS GENERALLY INVOLVE LITERATURE REVIEWS AND SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS, BUT CAN STILL RETAIN AN EMPHASIS ON STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT. • DESKTOP: A RAPID HIA THAT ENTAILS LITTLE OR NO STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT. • INTERMEDIATE: AN HIA THAT INVOLVES MORE TIME AND RESOURCES (SOMETIMES SEVERAL MONTHS) AND A MORE COMPLEX SCOPE THAN RAPID HIAS, USING MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS AND MORE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT THAN A RAPID HIA. THESE HIAS TYPICALLY DO NOT INVOLVE COLLECTING NEW DATA. • COMPREHENSIVE: AN HIA THAT REQUIRES THE COLLECTION OF NEW, PRIMARY DATA AND INVOLVES A COMPLEX SCOPE AND EXTENSIVE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT. THESE HIAS CAN TAKE LONGER THAN A YEAR TO COMPLETE.

Source: The State of Health Impact Assessment in Planning | American Planning Association (July 2016) THE WHO

• RANGE OF STAKEHOLDERS, SUCH AS DECISION-MAKERS, ELECTED AND APPOINTED OFFICIALS, PLANNERS, PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS, BUSINESS OWNERS, RESIDENTS, AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS, AS ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROCESS.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) THE WHAT HIAS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS RELATED TO HEALTH AND EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF A PROPOSED PROJECT, PLAN, PROGRAM, OR POLICY ON THE HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) THE WHEN

HIAS ARE A METHOD OF PROACTIVELY INFORMING A DECISION UNDER CONSIDERATION AND CAN BE USED TO INFLUENCE ANY STAGE OF THE PLANNING PROCESS, INCLUDING VISIONING, GOAL-SETTING, AND THE CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS, POLICIES, AND PROJECTS, AS LONG AS THE ASSESSMENT IS COMPLETED IN ADVANCE OF THE DECISION IT SEEKS TO INFORM.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) THE WHERE PLANNING HIAS CAN ASSESS HEALTH IMPACTS OF PROJECTS, PLANS, AND POLICIES AT THE BUILDING, STREET, NEIGHBORHOOD, LOCAL, OR REGIONAL SCALE.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) THE WHY HIAS CAN HELP PLANNING EFFORTS PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE COMMUNITY AND HELP ENSURE THAT HEALTH BENEFITS AND RISKS FROM DECISIONS ARE EQUITABLY DISTRIBUTED.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) THE HOW

HIAS EMPLOY A VARIETY OF DATA SOURCES, SUCH AS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH INFORMATION AND INPUT FROM STAKEHOLDERS, TO IDENTIFY THE POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF PLANNING DECISIONS, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO CERTAIN TARGET POPULATIONS SUCH AS SENIORS, CHILDREN, AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES. HIAS CAN BE FAIRLY QUICK, USING A “RAPID” OR “DESKTOP” MODEL OVER A FEW WEEKS OR MONTHS, OR THEY CAN USE A LONGER, MORE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH, TAKING SEVERAL MONTHS TO MORE THAN A YEAR TO COMPLETE.

Source: Health Impact Assessment Can Inform Planning to Promote Public Health – A Brief from the Health Impact Project and the American Planning Association (August 2016) HIA PROCESS

IN GENERAL, HIAS FOLLOW SIX STEPS—SCREENING, SCOPING, ASSESSMENT, RECOMMENDATIONS, REPORTING, AND MONITORING/EVALUATION.

Source: The State of Health Impact Assessment in Planning | American Planning Association (July 2016) AS THE U.S. FACES INCREASINGLY COMPLEX AND INTERRELATED CHRONIC AND INFECTIOUS HEALTH CONDITIONS, HIA IS A TOOL TO INSTIGATE INTERDISCIPLINARY CONVERSATIONS LEADING TO SOLUTIONS THAT IMPROVE HEALTH.

Source: The State of Health Impact Assessment in Planning | American Planning Association (July 2016) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER EFFORTS • COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENTS • STORY COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 2015 STORY COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH AND STORY COUNTY QUALITY OF LIFE ALLIANCE • THE MISSION OF THE STORY COUNTY QUALITY OF LIFE ALLIANCE (SCQLA) IS TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE ACROSS STORY COUNTY THROUGH ASSESSMENT AND COLLABORATION. THE PURPOSE OF SCQLA IS TO ENSURE THE REGULAR ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH NEEDS IN OUR COMMUNITY THROUGH DATA COLLECTION/AGGREGATION, AND PERPETUATE THIS KNOWLEDGE THROUGH ORGANIZED AND SYSTEMATIC SHARING WITH COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS AT-LARGE. • REQUIRED OF THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN IOWA, THROUGH THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH (IDPH). THESE ASSESSMENTS ARE TO BE PERFORMED EVERY 5 YEARS, AND REPORTED BACK TO IDPH. NACO’S HEALTHIEST CITIES AND COUNTIES CHALLENGE TOOLKIT • THIS TOOLKIT IS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT CITIES AND COUNTIES IN THE CONSIDERATION OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IMPACTING THE COLLECTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF THEIR COMMUNITIES. • THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES AND EXAMPLES IN THIS TOOLKIT EQUIP CITIES AND COUNTIES TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF RESIDENTS THROUGH MODULES THAT OUTLINE PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION CONSIDERATIONS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH INITIATIVES. • TOOLKIT ONLINE NEXT STEPS DETERMINE VIABILITY OF USING HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS • DISCUSSION ON LEVEL OF INTEREST • DO YOU MAKE DECISIONS/ADDRESS ISSUES THAT COULD BE BETTER INFORMED USING HIA? • ARE THERE GOALS THAT COULD BE SET AT THIS TIME FOR HIA? • HOW WOULD HIA BE USED? • IDENTIFY WHO SHOULD BE INVOLVED • WHO ARE THE DECISION MAKERS? • WHO ARE THE STAKEHOLDERS? RESOURCES

• HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT CAN INFORM PLANNING TO PROMOTE PUBLIC HEALTH – A BRIEF FROM THE HEALTH IMPACT PROJECT AND THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION (AUGUST 2016) • THE STATE OF HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN PLANNING • THE EFFECTIVE USE OF HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (HIA) IN LAND-USE DECISION MAKING – SALKIN AND KO (OCTOBER 2011) • HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (HIA) PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST BY DESIGN FOR HEALTH • HUMAN IMPACT PARTNERS. A HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT: A HANDBOOK TO CONDUCTING HIA, 3RD EDITION. OAKLAND, CA: HUMAN IMPACT PARTNERS. FEBRUARY 2011. • MINNESOTA HIA ACTION GUIDE – ADVANCING CAPACITY AND UNDERSTANDING FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN MINNESOTA (DECEMBER 2016) QUESTIONS

Source: Minnesota HIA Action Guide – Advancing Capacity and Understanding for Health Impact Assessment in Minnesota (December 2016)