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Journal of Biourbanism, Nov. 2012 ISSN 2240 - 2535 Via G iovanni G iardini, 15B - 00133 R om e, Italy - Tel. +39.393.9426561 Fax +39.06.95190008 Biourbanism JBU Journal of NOVEMBER 2012 #01 TOPICS Biophilia and urban planning | Biopolitics and design | Human health and design | Epistemology of architecture and urban planning | Peer to peer urbanism | Morphogenetic design | Sustainability | Renewable energy | Urban greening | Ecological networks | Architecture, urban and environmental planning | Landscape ecology and planning | Design learning strategies | Participatory design and planning | Information and communication technology | w w w .biourbanism .org Multi-criteria jbu@ analyses biourbanism for urban planning .org| Land suitability evaluation Copyright © 2012 Journal of Biourbanism / International Society of Biourbanism. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted by the International Society of Biourbanism, as publisher of the Journal of Biourbanism. All rights reserved. No part of these pages, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission. Cover Design and Photograph: Angelica Fortuzzi ISSN 2240-2535 www.journalofbiourbanism.org Biannual review edited in Rome, Italy Issue 2nd , Year 1st | November 26th 2012 Editor in Chief: Eleni Tracada, University of Derby (UK) Co-editors: Alessia Cerqua, Stefano Serafini, Archana Sharma, Antonio Caperna Managing editor: Stefano Serafini - [email protected] Editorial Board: Alessandro Busà, Technische Universität Berlin (Germany), Maria Bostenaru, Universitatea de Arhitectură şi Urbanism Ion Mincu (Romania), Leonardo Marotta, Istituto Universitario Architettura Venezia – IUAV (Italy); Angelica Fortuzzi, Università Roma Tre (Italy) Advisory Board Liliana Albertazzi, University of Trento & Member of the Centre for Mind and Brain (CIMeC), Italy; Mary Anne Akers, Morgan State University, U.S.A.; Michel Bauwens, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Harald Bodenschatz, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; Mariano Bizzarri, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Michael Batty, University College London, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA); Adrian Bejan, Duke University, USA; Jaap Dawson, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands; Carlos Gershenson, University of Mexico; Alessandro Giangrande, Roma Tre University, Italy; Svetlana K. Gural, Tomsk State University, Russia; Besim Hakim, American Institute of Certified Planners, USA; Sergey N. Kharlamov, Tomsk State University & Tomsk Polytechnic, Russia; Robert J. Koester, Center for Energy Research, Ball State University, USA; Sylvie R. Lorente, Duke University’s Pratt School of Engineering, USA; Achille Paolone, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Juval Portugali, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Michael W. Mehaffy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Ashraf M. Salama, Qatar University, Qatar; Nikos A. Salingaros, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA; Giuseppe Sermonti, University of Perugia, Italy; Yodan Rofé, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Fabrizio Vescovo, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Khaldoun Zreik, University of Paris, France. Publisher: Società Internazionale di Biourbanistica / International Society of Biourbanism Via Giovanni Giardini, 15B 00133 Roma – ITALY Tel. +393939426561, fax +390695190008, e-mail [email protected] Journal of Biourbanism (JBU) is a peer-reviewed international online journal of architecture, planning, and built environment studies. The journal aims at establishing a bridge between theory and practice in the fields of architectural, design research, and urban planning and built environment and social studies. It reports on the latest researches and innovative approaches for creating responsive environments, with special emphasis on human aspects as a central issue of urban study and architecture. JBU II (2012) 1 · 3 Table of contents Eleni Tracada, Editorial 5 Part A – Peer-reviewed papers Juan Diego Perez Tellez, Towards Sustainability: Self-organizing Communities 9 Aida Jadidi, Studying ten Principles of the Wholeness Theory established by Christopher 25 Alexander in Jamshidiye Park Design in Tehran, Iran Mir Masoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh, Delanaz Ata, Azadeh Jamshidi, Performance of 35 Underground Dams as a Solution for Sustainable Management of Drought Zaheer Allam, Sustainable Architecture: Utopia or Feasible Reality? 47 Besat Emami, Farzad Taghizadeh, Elnaz Neinavaz, Application of Compensatory 63 Methods in Industrial Development Site Selection Joseph Adeniran Adedeji, Joseph Akinlabi Fadamiro, Affective Correlates of Landscapes 77 for Passive Recreation in Institutional Campuses, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Part B – Papers selected by the editors Jaap Dawson, Patterns with a Heart 97 Book reviews 107 News and events 113 ___________________________________________________________________________ © 2012 Journal of Biourbanism JBU II (2012) 1 · 5 Editorial Eleni Tracada, PhD University of Derby Faculty of Arts, Design and Technology [email protected] We are very pleased that we have been able to reach our purpose to publish a new series of very interesting papers that are relevant to our principles and practices of Biourbanism. The contributions of the authors for the second issue have been conscientiously selected in order to initiate discussions on themes or issues that do not only relate to urban growth, but also to technological advancements enabling several contemporary cities to achieve almost full sustainable status (or, at least, assisting modern societies and local communities in their struggle to prevail against current rapid and volatile climate changes globally). In his paper Towards sustainability: Self-organising communities, Juan Diego Pérez Téllez, a new researcher, introduces self-organising processes of urban communities in Spain supported by a variety of functional elements in micro scale through physical interactive elements for social collaboration. The author looks at proactive involvement of self-organised communities in the dynamic development of the socio-cultural heritage as controlled context for the evolution of modern urban systems. His approach is based on the geometrical linkage through permeable membranes of neighbourhoods, fractal interfaces of urban fabric and structures that support a hierarchical organisation of geometrically arranged urban components able to provide large scale coherence. A case study on Andalusia’s so-called casa de vecinos and patio town housing, given the distinctive morphological aspects and social development from past to present times and its relevant contribution to the contemporary urban fabric within a city, shows that still common uses of patio spaces shared by more than one neighbours may perform as fractal elements favouring complexity in human interactions and thus guaranteeing long-lasting urban coherence. In the second paper with the title Studying Ten Principles of the Wholeness Theory Established By Christopher Alexander in Jamshidieh Park Design in Tehran, Iran, Aida Jadidi, an independent scholar, tries to understand re-uses of green areas for public use according to long-established formation of important nodal points/centres within natural environment; these important core areas may still support and complement each other to form wholeness (a self-balanced system). If some of these elements disappear during redesigning processes of green park areas, as it happened in Jamshidieh Park, a failure occurs, so that users should find themselves alienated. Thus, unbalanced core parts of a green park become unfavourable places to be, in spite the efforts to imitate nature in design. In their paper Performance of underground dams as a solution for sustainable management of drought, Mir Masoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh, Delnaz Ata & Azadeh Jamshidi present the advantages of underground dams as valuable resources to provide not only water in rural agricultural areas, but also drinking water in costal urban areas. Their paper offers the ___________________________________________________________________________ © 2012 Journal of Biourbanism JBU II (2012) 1 · 6 opportunity for us to consider that, even the simplest technology to preserve water supplies nowadays can be proved an invaluable one and especially in costal areas that are so close to sea water or in areas with high temperatures in which water supplies may dry out very fast. In his Sustainable Architecture: Utopia or Feasible Reality?, Dr. Zaheer Allam reflects upon issues relate on Sustainable Architecture as a contemporary discipline to be taught in order to train architects who will be brave enough to face the idea of acquiring a common view about sustainability; they should act as human beings to deliver more, when they share a common view to work for the greater good for an organization and have a common goal to serve communities of people. Dr. Allam proposes that a shared set of norms and values on sustainability may provide architects involved with a common language to understand events. Thus, they should be able to communicate easily with experts and communities at the same time to develop a desirable sustainable future for all. In their Application of compensatory methods in industrial development site selection, Besat Emami, Farzad Taghizadeh
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  • A Pattern to Distribute Tractor Power from the Viewpoint of Energy Case Study: Isfahan Province in Central Region of Iran
    American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (4): 526-531, 2008 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2008 A Pattern to Distribute Tractor Power from the Viewpoint of Energy Case Study: Isfahan Province in Central Region of Iran M. Karimi, S. Rafiee, A. Rajabi Pour, K. Khairalipour and S. Shahin Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Biosystems Engineering, University of Tehran Abstract: One of the important problems in agriculture, especially in developing countries, is the shortage of tractor power in agricultural fields. In this study distribution of available tractor power among townships of Isfahan province was investigated. Output energy from fields of each township and also potential energy of available tractors was calculated for three years. These two factors helped to present a mechanization index (w). This index shows amount of output energy relative to available tractor power for each township. Through all townships, Barkhar and Meymeh had maximum value of this index (9.45) and Semmirom had minimum of that (1.36). Townships were classified according to amount of their need to tractor power using mechanization index (w) and degree. This pattern can be used to distribute power among townships. Also, in order to raise mechanization index (w) and degree was recommended to use appropriate agronomical pattern so that operations needing to tractors must be optimally spread during year. Key words: Tractor power mechanization degree energy mechanization level INTRODUCTION Binswanger [10] defined the status of mechanization by the growth of mechanically power operated farm Today, tractor is one of the most important equipment over traditional human and animal power power sources I n agriculture.
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