DOCSLIB.ORG

Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Pecies S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Pecies S ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S OF Social wasps of Unilavras/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, ISTS L Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil Matheus Henrique-Simões*, Mariana Deprá Cuozzo and Fernando Antônio Frieiro-Costa Centro Universitário de Lavras [email protected](UNILAVRAS), Setor de Zoologia. Rua Padre José Poggel, n° 506, Centenário, CEP 37200-000. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) usually build nests using vegetable materials mixed with water and salivary secretion, resulting in a product similar to paper.Polybia Between fastidiosuscula April 2009 and March 2010 an inventory of these wasps was made at Unilavras/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, located in the municipality of Ingaí-MG. Thirty four species of social wasps belonging to ten genera were recorded, Saussure (1854) was the most common. Introduction is built by adding new cells at the bottom of the first Social wasps belong to the order Hymenoptera, envelope, and also is covered by an envelope. NewPolybia, combs presenting about 115,000 known species (Sharkey 2007). Brachygastraare built through and Protonectarinaidentical processes. Each envelope has Vespidae is a family included in the order Hymenoptera an entrance to the respective combs. Examples: and divided into six subfamilies: Eumeninae, Masarinae (Figure 1A). and Euparagiinae comprise solitary individuals, AstelocyttarousSynoeca nest: a single comb is built directly on Stenogastrinae is pre-social, and Vespinae and Polistinae substratum and covered by an envelope with one entrance. include all the species with eusocial behavior (Carpenter Example: (Figure 1B). 1981). All social wasps from Brazil belong to the subfamily Stelocyttarous nest: comb or combs are suspended Polistinae, with 319 species registered for the country, by stalks. There are Apoica,two Stellocyttarous Polistes and Mischocyttarus nest types: and about 970 species for the rest of the world. Thiset Gymnodomous, in which the combs are not covered by al.makes Brazil the most diverse country in social wasps in envelopes (Examples: Pseudopolybia and Parachartergus the world, reaching almost 33% of the total (Prezoto (Figure 1C) and Calyptodomous, in which the combs has 2007). The vespids can be found from the Amazonian an envelope (Examples: forest to the Pantanal and Atlantic forest (Carpenter and (Figure 1D). Marques 2001). The full extent of social wasp distribution According to Richards and Richards (1951) and Jeanne in Brazilian ecosystems is still unknown due to insufficient (1980), social wasps can be divided into two categories research in other environments such as savanna and based on the founding of the colony. Founding by swarming southern Brazilian fields. (Figure 2A) is characterized by defined social organization, Twenty five genera are known for the subfamily with queens responsible only for oviposition, and the PolistesPolistinae, 21 of them are NeotropicalMischocyttarus (Carpenter 2004). workers build the nest. This founding type is practiced They are distributed across three tribes: Polistini (genus by species of Epiponini. The second group represents ), Mischocyttarini (genus ) and independent founding (Figure 2B), where there is a hard Epiponini (the other genera) (Carpenter and Marques conflict for dominance because there is no hierarchy 2001). byinitially species established, of Polistini resulting in a decrease. in the number Social wasps build nests that shelter immature stages of colonies (Tannure and Nascimento 1999. It is practiced and adults. The materials primarily used for nests building Materials and Methodsand Mischocyttarini are vegetable fiberset al. mixed with water and salivary secretion from the mandibular glands, resulting in a product similar to paper (Gallo 1988). The nests are built in variable The study was conducted at Unilavras/Boqueirão forms and sizes, ranging from large and complex to small Biological Reserve, (21°20’47” S and 44°59’27” W), which and simple structures. Frequently, nest characteristics can possesses an area of 160 ha and 1,100 m high (Pereira and determine the species that built the structure (Richards Volpato 2005). It is a property of Centro Universitário de and Richards 1951). The most accepted classification Lavras (Unilavras) located on the municipality of Ingaí, for social wasp nests is that proposed by Richards and southest Minas Gerais. Richards (1951). The methods used for collections were active search, Phragmocyttarous nest: the initial comb is fixed on traps baited with passion fruit juice and sardine broth substratum and covered by an envelope. A second comb (Souza and Prezoto 2006; Prezoto and Clemente 2010) Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 656 Henrique-Simões et al. | Social wasps of Unilavras/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Brazil Table 1. Species of social wasps sampled in Unilavras/Boqueirão (besidesenso latuMalaise interception traps. From April 2009 to Biological Reserve. ABUNDANCE March 2010 surveys were conducted monthly in Cerrado SPECIES ) and riparian vegetation in the study area. The (%) collected specimens were taken to the Zoology laboratory Apoica (Apoica gelida of Centro Universitário de Lavras (Unilavras) for Brachygastra lecheguana) Van der Vecth, 1972 0.33 identification and assembly of a control collection. Species Mischocyttarus (Haplometrobius(Latreille, confusus 1824) 0.15 identification was carried out using an identification key Mischocyttarus (Haplometrobius) tricolor Zikan, 1935 0.09 (Carpenter and Marques 2001) and with the aid of the Mischocyttarus socialis ) Richards, 1945 0.01 researchers Dr. Marcos Magalhães de Souza and Orlando Mischocyttarus (Kappa (de latior Saussure, 1854) 0.01 Tobias Silveira. Mischocyttarus (Mischocyttarus drewseni A B ) (Fox, 1898) 0.24 Mischocyttarus (Mischocyttarus) rotundicollisde Saussure, 1954 0.42 Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus )marginatus (Cameron, 1912) 0.01 Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus) cassununga (Fox, 1898) 0.06 Parachartergus fraternus ) R. von Ihering, 1903 0.01 Polistes actaeon (Gribodo, 1892) 0.09 Polistes billardieriHaliday, 1836 0.03 Polistes cinerascensFabricius, de 1804 0.15 Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1854 0.07 Polistes geminatusde Saussure, 1853 0.86 Polistes goeldii (Fox, 1898) 0.01 C D Polistes lanio Ducke, 1904 0.01 Polistes subsericeus(Fabricius, 1775) 0.03 Polistes versicolor de Saussure, 1854 0.11 Polistes (Olivier, 1791) 0.06 Polybia (sp.Apopolybia jurinei 0.03 Polybia (Hypopolybia) bifasciatade Saussure, 1854 0.01 Polybia (Myrapetra fastidiosuscula) de Saussure, 1854 0.11 Polybia (Myrapetra) occidentalis de Saussure, 1854 93.4 Polybia (Myrapetra) paulista (Olivier, 1791) 0.22 Polybia (Trichotorax) chrysothoraxH. von Ihering, 1896 0.03 Polybia (Trichotorax ignobilis Figure 1. Protonectarina ) (Lichtenstein, 1796) 0.21 sylveirae Synoeca Polybia (Trichotorax) minarun (Haliday, 1836) 0.61 Nest types. A) Phragmocyttarous nest ( Gymnodomous nest (Mischocyttarus confusus Polybia (Trichotorax) sericea Ducke, 1906 0.01 ); B) Astelocyttarous nestParachartergus ( sp.); fraternus C) Stelocyttarous Protonectarina sylveirae ); D) Stelocyttarous ) (Olivier, 1791) 2.2 ResultsCalyptodomous and nest Discussion Calyptódomo ( ). Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure, 1854) 0.11 Pseudopolybia vespiceps(de Saussure, 1854) 0.15 Synoeca cyanea Polybia fastidiosuscula (de Saussure, 1864) 0.09 Thirty four species of social wasps were recorded, (Fabricius, 1775) 0.07 belonging to ten genera with Saussure (1854) being the most common (Table 1). The present study is the first in the south of Minas Gerais and present study. PEIB includes a fragment of Atlantic forest, the great diversity of social wasps of the region is revealed a biome where one would expect to find a high diversity of in comparison with studieset. al. conducted in other areas of the organisms. state. The largest number of species sampled in a single Elpino-Campos (2007) registered 29 species area occurred in the municipal district of Barroso, located in 10 genera in Cerrado areas in Uberlândia. The work in the south central part of the state, conducted in the was conducted in the Ecological Reserve of the Clube de Mata do Baú, within a 400 ha area (Souza and Prezoto Caça e Pesca Itororó of Uberlândia (CCPIU) (640 ha.), in 2006). Thirty eight species belonging to ten genera were the Ecological Station of Panga (EEP) (400 ha.), on the recorded. Adding the species registered for the area of Experimental Farm of Gloria, at the UFU (0,1 ha) and in Barroso, the number of species reaches 42 distributed a fragment of Cerrado within the urban perimeter (0,1 in 12 genera. Only studies in the Amazonian region have ha). Besides the smaller number of species this study was recorded higher species diversityet al. than the Barroso survey, conducted in an area about seven times larger than that of confirming its importance as an area of high diversity of the Reserva Biológica Unilavras/Boqueirão. social wasps in Brazil (Souza 2008). The area studied Prezoto and Clemente (2010) sampled 23 species in Barroso was twice as large as the area of the present distributed in 10 genera in the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca study, confirming the great diversity of social wasps found (PEIB). PEIB possesses an area about ten times that of the in the Unilavras/Boqueirão Biological Reserve. Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 657 Henrique-Simões
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medicinal Value of Animal Venom for Treatment of Cancer in Humans - a Review
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 22 (2015) 91-107 EISSN 2392-2192 Medicinal value of animal venom for treatment of Cancer in Humans - A Review Partha Pal1,*, Spandita Roy2, Swagata Chattopadhyay3, Tapan Kumar Pal4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Scottish Church College, 1 & 3 Urquhart Square, Kolkata - 700006, India *Phone: 91-33-2350-3862 2Ex-PG Student, Department of Biological, Sciences Presidency University 86/1, College Street, Kolkata – 700073, India 3Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India 4Ex-Reader Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College, Thakurpukur, Kolkata - 700063, India *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Since cancer is one of the leading causes death worldwide and there is an urgent need to find better treatment. In recent years remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development and treatment. Anticancer drug developments from natural resources are ventured throughout the world. Venoms of several animal species including snake, scorpion, frog, spider etc. and their active components in the form of peptides, enzymes etc. have shown promising therapeutic potential against cancer. In the present review, the anticancer potential of venoms as well as their biochemical derivatives from some vertebrates like snake or frog or some venomous arthropods like scorpion, honey bee, wasps, beetles, caterpillars, ants, centipedes and spiders has been discussed. Some of these molecules are in the clinical trials and may find their way towards anticancer drug development in the near future. The recognition that cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease has opened enormous opportunities for preventing and treating the disease and most of the molecular biological based treatment are cost effective.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on Forced Colony Emigration in Parachartergus Fraternus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New Nest Site Marked with Sprayed Venom
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2011, Article ID 157149, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2011/157149 Research Article Observations on Forced Colony Emigration in Parachartergus fraternus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New Nest Site Marked with Sprayed Venom Sidnei Mateus Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia CiˆenciaseLetrasdeRibeir˜ao Preto, Universidade de S˜ao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeir˜ao Preto, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Sidnei Mateus, sidneim@ffclrp.usp.br Received 8 September 2010; Revised 20 December 2010; Accepted 12 February 2011 Academic Editor: Robert Matthews Copyright © 2011 Sidnei Mateus. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Five cases of colony emigration induced by removal of nest envelope and combs and a single one by manipulation are described. The disturbance was followed by defensive patterns, buzz running, and adult dispersion. An odor trail created by abdomen dragging, probably depositing venom or Dufour’s gland secretions, connected the original nest to the newly selected nesting place and guided the emigration. The substrate of the selected nesting place is intensely sprayed with venom prior to emigration, and this chemical cue marked the emigration end point. The colony moves to the new site in a diffuse cloud with no temporary clusters formed along the odor trail. At the original nest, scouts performed rapid gaster dragging and intense mouth contacts stimulating inactive individuals to depart. Males were unable to follow the swarm. Individual scouts switched between different behavioral tasks before and after colony emigration.
    [Show full text]
  • Honeybee (Apis Mellifera) and Bumblebee (Bombus Terrestris) Venom: Analysis and Immunological Importance of the Proteome
    Department of Physiology (WE15) Laboratory of Zoophysiology Honeybee (Apis mellifera) and bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) venom: analysis and immunological importance of the proteome Het gif van de honingbij (Apis mellifera) en de aardhommel (Bombus terrestris): analyse en immunologisch belang van het proteoom Matthias Van Vaerenbergh Ghent University, 2013 Thesis submitted to obtain the academic degree of Doctor in Science: Biochemistry and Biotechnology Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen, Biochemie en Biotechnologie Supervisors: Promotor: Prof. Dr. Dirk C. de Graaf Laboratory of Zoophysiology Department of Physiology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Co-promotor: Prof. Dr. Bart Devreese Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Reading Committee: Prof. Dr. Geert Baggerman (University of Antwerp) Dr. Simon Blank (University of Hamburg) Prof. Dr. Bart Braeckman (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Didier Ebo (University of Antwerp) Examination Committee: Prof. Dr. Johan Grooten (Ghent University, chairman) Prof. Dr. Dirk C. de Graaf (Ghent University, promotor) Prof. Dr. Bart Devreese (Ghent University, co-promotor) Prof. Dr. Geert Baggerman (University of Antwerp) Dr. Simon Blank (University of Hamburg) Prof. Dr. Bart Braeckman (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Didier Ebo (University of Antwerp) Dr. Maarten Aerts (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Guy Smagghe (Ghent University) Dean: Prof. Dr. Herwig Dejonghe Rector: Prof. Dr. Anne De Paepe The author and the promotor give the permission to use this thesis for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws, more specifically the source must be extensively specified when using results from this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • (EMF) and Electric Field (EF) on Some Behavior of Honeybees
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/608182; this version posted April 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Effect of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) and Electric Field (EF) on Some Behavior of 2 Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) 3 Effect Of Electromagnetic Field On Honeybees 4 Yaşar ERDOĞAN1* and Mahir Murat CENGİZ2 5 *1- Bayburt University, Demirözü Vocational High School, Veterinary Department, Bayburt, 6 Turkey. [email protected]. 7 2-Atatürk University, Erzurum Vocational High School Department of Horse Training. 8 Erzurum, Turkey 9 KEY WORDS: Apiculture, Detect food, Magnetoreception, Helmholtz coil equipment 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/608182; this version posted April 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 28 Summary 29 Honeybees uses the magnetic field of the earth to to determine their direction. 30 Nowadays, the rapid spread of electrical devices and mobile towers leads to an increase in 31 man-made EMF. This causes honeybees to lose their orientation and thus lose their hives. 32 ABSTRACT 33 Geomagnetic field can be used by different magnetoreception mechanisms, for 34 navigation and orientation by honeybees.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) for the Colombian Orinoco Region Biota Colombiana, Vol
    Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 ISSN: 2539-200X [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Halmenschlager, Matheus; Agudelo Martínez, Juan C; Pérez-Buitrago, Néstor F. New records of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) for the Colombian Orinoco Region Biota Colombiana, vol. 20, no. 1, 2019, January-June, pp. 21-33 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49159822002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Halmenschlager et al. New records of wasps in the Colombian Orinoco New records of Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) for the Colombian Orinoco Region Nuevos registros de Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) para la región de la Orinoquía colombiana Matheus Y. Halmenschlager, Juan C. Agudelo Martínez and Néstor F. Pérez-Buitrago Abstract We analyzed 72 specimens from the Arauca (71) and Casanare (1) departments in the Orinoco region of Colombia. 7KHVSHFLPHQVEHORQJWRJHQHUDDQGVSHFLHVRIYHVSLGZDVSV)RXUVSHFLHVDUHUHSRUWHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPH for the region and 14 are new records for the Arauca department. There is a likely new record of Stenodynerus cf. australis for the Neotropical region. Keywords. Arauca. Eumeninae. Neotropic. Species list. Vespid wasps. Resumen Analizamos 72 especímenes colectados de los departamentos de Arauca (71) y Casanare (1) en la región de la Orinoquía. Estos pertenecen a 10 géneros y 18 especies de avispas. Cuatro especies son nuevos registros para la región y 14 son nuevas para el departamento de Arauca.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Caste Differences in Three Species of the Neotropical Genus Clypearia (Hymenoptera: Polistinae: Epiponini)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2010, Article ID 410280, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2010/410280 Research Article Morphological Caste Differences in Three Species of the Neotropical Genus Clypearia (Hymenoptera: Polistinae: Epiponini) Giovanna Tocchini Felippotti,1 Lucas Mateus,1 Sidnei Mateus,1 Fernando Barbosa Noll,2 and Ronaldo Zucchi1 1 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, CiˆenciaseLetrasdeRibeirao˜ Preto, Universidade de Sao˜ Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirao˜ Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Botanicaˆ e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociˆencias, Letras e Ciˆencias Exatas, UNESP, Rua Cristovao˜ Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 Sao˜ Jos´e do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Giovanna Tocchini Felippotti, gio [email protected] Received 12 February 2010; Accepted 29 April 2010 Academic Editor: James Traniello Copyright © 2010 Giovanna Tocchini Felippotti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clypearia is a rare genus of swarm-founding Neotropical wasp whose biology is very little known. Morphological castes differences, condition of ovaries, relative age, and color pattern differences were analyzed in three species of Clypearia. Physiological differences and low morphometric differentiation between queens and workers were present in all species studied, indicating that these species are characterized by “physiological
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Three Ecosystems in Itaparica Island, Bahia State, Brazil
    180 March - April 2007 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Diversity and Community Structure of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Three Ecosystems in Itaparica Island, Bahia State, Brazil GILBERTO M. DE M. SANTOS 1, CARLOS C. BICHARA FILHO1, JANETE J. RESENDE 1, JUCELHO D. DA CRUZ 1 AND OTON M. MARQUES2 1Depto. Ciências Biológicas, Univ. Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44.031-460, Feira de Santana, BA, [email protected] 2Depto. Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais - UFBA, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA Neotropical Entomology 36(2):180-185 (2007) Diversidade e Estrutura de Comunidade de Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Três Ecossistemas da Ilha de Itaparica, BA RESUMO - A estrutura e a composição de comunidades de vespas sociais associadas a três ecossistemas insulares com fisionomias distintas: Manguezal, Mata Atlântica e Restinga foram analisadas. Foram coletados 391 ninhos de 21 espécies de vespas sociais. A diversidade de vespas encontrada em cada ecossistema está significativamente correlacionada à diversidade de formas de vida vegetal encontrada em cada ambiente estudado (r2 = 0,85; F(1.16) = 93,85; P < 0, 01). A floresta tropical Atlântica foi o ecossistema com maior riqueza de vespas (18 espécies), seguida pela Restinga (16 espécies) e pelo Manguezal (8 espécies). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ecologia, Polistinae, manguezal, restinga, Mata Atlântica ABSTRACT - We studied the structure and composition of communities of social wasps associated with the three insular ecosystems: mangrove swamp, the Atlantic Rain Forest and the ´restinga´- lowland sandy ecosystems located between the mountain range and the sea. Three hundred and ninety-one nests of 21 social wasp species were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Associations Between Birds and Social Wasps in the Pantanal Wetlands
    Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(3), 305-308 ARTICLE September 2015 Associations between birds and social wasps in the Pantanal wetlands Sara Miranda Almeida1,3 and Evandson José dos Anjos-Silva2 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, CEP 66075110, Belém, PA, Brazil. 2 Laboratório de Abelhas e Vespas Neotropicais, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Biologia. Av. Tancredo Neves s/n, Cavalhada, CEP 78200-000, Cáceres, MT, Brazil. 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] Received on 17 March 2015. Accepted on 30 June 2015. ABSTRACT: Nesting associations between birds and wasps may increase reproductive success of birds because the stings of these insects serve to protect the offspring against predators. The predation of wasps by birds is known from elsewhere and usually birds feed on the wasps during flight. Here we report on nest associations between birds and social wasps and comments on wasp nest predation by birds in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands. The study was conducted in the sub-region known as “Pantanal de Poconé”, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We recorded seven associations involving four bird species: Paroaria capitata, Myiozetetes similis, M. cayannensis and Columbina talpacoti, and four wasp species: Polybia sericea, P. ruficeps xanthops, Chartergus globiventris and Parachartergus fraternus. One successful nest of M. cayannensis (14.2%) was associated to P. sericea wasps. On the other hand, 42.8% of the bird nests were abandoned, and 42.8% were preyed upon. Additionally, a direct event of wasp nest predation was recorded, in which a group of Melanerpes candidus attacked a nest of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Metal Acquisition in the Weaponized Ovipositors of Aculeate Hymenoptera
    Zoomorphology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-018-0403-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Harden up: metal acquisition in the weaponized ovipositors of aculeate hymenoptera Kate Baumann1 · Edward P. Vicenzi2 · Thomas Lam2 · Janet Douglas2 · Kevin Arbuckle3 · Bronwen Cribb4,5 · Seán G. Brady6 · Bryan G. Fry1 Received: 17 October 2017 / Revised: 12 March 2018 / Accepted: 17 March 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The use of metal ions to harden the tips and edges of ovipositors is known to occur in many hymenopteran species. However, species using the ovipositor for delivery of venom, which occurs in the aculeate hymenoptera (stinging wasps, ants, and bees) remains uninvestigated. In this study, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to investigate the morphology and metal compositional differences among aculeate aculei. We show that aculeate aculei have a wide diversity of morphological adaptations relating to their lifestyle. We also demonstrate that metals are present in the aculei of all families of aculeate studied. The presence of metals is non-uniform and concentrated in the distal region of the stinger, especially along the longitudinal edges. This study is the first comparative investigation to document metal accumulation in aculeate aculei. Keywords Scanning electron microscopy · Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy · EDS · Aculeata · Aculeus · Cuticle · Metal accumulation Introduction with the most severe responses (as perceived by humans) delivered by taxa including bullet ants (Paraponera), taran- Aculeata (ants, bees, and stinging wasps) are the most con- tula hawk wasps (Pepsis), and armadillo wasps (Synoeca) spicuous of the hymenopteran insects, and are known pre- (Schmidt 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Venom Phospholipases A1 and A2 Roles in the Envenoming Process and Allergy
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 105 (2019) 10–24 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibmb Insect venom phospholipases A1 and A2: Roles in the envenoming process and allergy T Amilcar Perez-Riverola, Alexis Musacchio Lasab, José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pintoa, ∗ Mario Sergio Palmaa, a Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil b Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Division, Department of System Biology, Ave. 31, e/158 and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Insect venom phospholipases have been identified in nearly all clinically relevant social Hymenoptera, including Hymenoptera bees, wasps and ants. Among other biological roles, during the envenoming process these enzymes cause the Venom phospholipases A1 and A2 disruption of cellular membranes and induce hypersensitive reactions, including life threatening anaphylaxis. ff Toxic e ects While phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a predominant component of bee venoms, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is highly Hypersensitive reactions abundant in wasps and ants. The pronounced prevalence of IgE-mediated reactivity to these allergens in sen- Allergy diagnosis sitized patients emphasizes their important role as major elicitors of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). PLA1 and -A2 represent valuable marker allergens for differentiation of genuine sensitizations to bee and/or wasp venoms from cross-reactivity. Moreover, in massive attacks, insect venom phospholipases often cause several pathologies that can lead to fatalities. This review summarizes the available data related to structure, model of enzymatic activity and pathophysiological roles during envenoming process of insect venom phospholipases A1 and -A2.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Morphology of the Stinger in Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
    insects Article Comparative Morphology of the Stinger in Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Mario Bissessarsingh 1,2 and Christopher K. Starr 1,* 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; [email protected] 2 San Fernando East Secondary School, Pleasantville, Trinidad and Tobago * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Both solitary and social wasps have a fully functional venom apparatus and can deliver painful stings, which they do in self-defense. However, solitary wasps sting in subduing prey, while social wasps do so in defense of the colony. The structure of the stinger is remarkably uniform across the large family that comprises both solitary and social species. The most notable source of variation is in the number and strength of barbs at the tips of the slender sting lancets that penetrate the wound in stinging. These are more numerous and robust in New World social species with very large colonies, so that in stinging human skin they often cannot be withdrawn, leading to sting autotomy, which is fatal to the wasp. This phenomenon is well-known from honey bees. Abstract: The physical features of the stinger are compared in 51 species of vespid wasps: 4 eumenines and zethines, 2 stenogastrines, 16 independent-founding polistines, 13 swarm-founding New World polistines, and 16 vespines. The overall structure of the stinger is remarkably uniform within the family. Although the wasps show a broad range in body size and social habits, the central part of Citation: Bissessarsingh, M.; Starr, the venom-delivery apparatus—the sting shaft—varies only to a modest extent in length relative to C.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Zombie Fungi: Occurrence of Arthropod Endoparasitic Fungi at Different Altitudes in the Monteverde Region Hongos Zombies: Ocurre
    Zombie Fungi: Occurrence of Arthropod Endoparasitic Fungi at Different Altitudes in the Monteverde Region Madeline Sandler Department of Environmental Studies and Sustainability University of California, Santa Cruz EAP Tropical Biology and Conservation Program, Fall 2016 16 December 2016 ABSTRACT Arthropod endoparasitic fungi consist of multiple genera that exploit the bodies of insects and arachnids as host organisms to spread their fungal spores and to obtain nutrients from the body of the host. Arthropod parasitic fungi can be classified into three families: Clavicipitaceae,Cordyipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae . I conducted an observational study in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica where I collected and analyzed arthropods that have been parasitized with fungi by searching in different altitudes and life zones. My goal was to determine if there was an altitudinal gradient associated with the presence and abundance of arthropod parasitic fungi and which Orders were most affected. The results reveal that there is the highest abundance of parasitized arthropods at the lowest altitude and the least abundance at the highest sampled altitude. However, there is no trend in abundance in increasing altitudes. I found the highest abundance of arthropod hosts present in the Order Hymenoptera in various wasp species. There is variety in fungal morphologies between nearly every individual I found that range from mold-looking to mushroom fruiting bodies. This paper provides detailed descriptions of every sample of parasitized arthropod, the specific microhabitat it was discovered in, and the method of attachment it has taken to the substrate. These detailed descriptions reveal the high variation in which fungal parasites can attack arthropod hosts in a range of ecosystems.
    [Show full text]