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Kwartalnik Bellona 2 2019 MINISTERSTWO OBRONY NARODOWEJ BELLONA nr 2/2019 (697) ISSN 1897-7065 Rocznik CI (XIII) 2 697 2019 BELLONA Pismo naukowe wydawane przez Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej RADA NAUKOWA „KWARTALNIKA BELLONA” dr hab. Anna Antczak – przewodnicząca gen. bryg. dr hab. inż. Tadeusz Szczurek – zastępca przewodniczącej Redaktorzy tematyczni działów: płk dr hab. inż. Witalis Pellowski – Bezpieczeństwo i obronność płk dr hab. Przemysław Paździorek – Sztuka wojenna płk rez. pil. dr hab. inż. Jarosław Kozuba – Praktyka i doświadczenia użycia sił zbrojnych płk dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Krakowski – Edukacja płk dr hab. inż. Szymon Mitkow – Technika i logistyka dr hab. Mirosław Lenart – Omówienia, recenzje, sprawozdania płk dr Jacek Cichosz prof. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz doc. dr hab. Bŕetislav Dančák gen. dyw. prof. dr hab. n. med. Grzegorz Gielerak dr Artur Jagnieża kmdr dr hab. Grzegorz Krasnodębski gen. bryg. pil. dr Piotr Krawczyk kmdr rez. dr Bohdan Pac gen. bryg. dr hab. inż. Dariusz Skorupka dr Dominik Smyrgała kadm. prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szubrycht płk dr n. med. Radosław Tworus 1918–1950 Bellona 1950–2007 Myśl Wojskowa BELLONA Pismo naukowe wydawane przez Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej Rocznik CI (XIII) Nr 2/2019 (697) Warszawa Dyrektor Wojskowego Instytutu Wydawniczego: Maciej Podczaski [email protected] tel.: +48 261 845 365, +48 261 845 685, faks: +48 261 845 503 Al. Jerozolimskie 97, 00-909 Warszawa Zastępca dyrektora: Izabela Borańska-Chmielewska tel.: +48 261 840 222 e-mail: [email protected] Redaktor naczelny „Kwartalnika Bellona”: dr hab. Piotr Grochmalski e-mail: [email protected] Redaktor prowadzący „Kwartalnika Bellona”: dr Piotr Lewandowski e-mail: [email protected] Opracowanie redakcyjne: Teresa Wieszczeczyńska, tel.: 725 880 231 Opracowanie graficzne: Małgorzata Mielcarz Fotoedytor: Andrzej Witkowski Tłumaczenie na jęz. ang.: Anita Kwaterowska, autorzy artykułów Redakcja prosi o składanie manuskryptów przez stronę internetową www.kwartalnikbellona.pl Egzemplarze czasopisma są dostępne w wewnętrznym kolportażu wojskowym oraz w prenumeracie. Wersja papierowa czasopisma jest wersją pierwotną. Czasopismo jest indeksowane w bazie Index Copernicus. Na liście czasopism punktowanych MNiSW „Kwartalnikowi Bellona”przyznano 7 punktów. Artykuły zamieszczone w „Kwartalniku Bellona” są recenzowane. ISSN 1897-7065 Oddano do druku w lipcu 2019 r. Nakład 1200 egz. Kolportaż i reklamacje: Poczta Polska Usługi Cyfrowe sp. z o.o. ul. Dunikowska 9a 87-823 Włocławek tel. : 542 315 201, 502 012 187 e-mail: [email protected] Druk: ARTDRUK ul. Napoleona 2 05-320 Kobyłka Elektroniczna wersja czasopisma na stronie www.kwartalnikbellona.pl Spis treści Bezpieczeństwo i obronność gen. bryg. dr inż. Ryszard Parafianowicz Sztuka operacyjna w Wyższej Szkole Wojennej i Akademii Sztuki Wojennej (ang.) ..................... 17 mgr Edyta Żyła Finansowanie terroryzmu w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Z badań nad współczesnymi zagrożeniami bezpieczeństwa finansowego w świetle raportów FATF ........................................... 30 mgr Angelika Wróblewska Wybrane aspekty polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Finlandii ......................................................... 47 płk w st. spocz. pil. dr hab. Bronisław Galoch Rosyjska Arktyka w 2019 roku ......................................................................................................... 56 Sztuka wojenna płk dr Wojciech Robert Więcek Kształcenie oficerów dyplomowanych. Kilka refleksji na temat taktyki i historii .......................... 72 Praktyka i doświadczenia użycia sił zbrojnych płk dr hab. Tomasz Kośmider Polska polityka bezpieczeństwa. Doświadczenia i rekomendacje (ang.) ......................................... 86 Edukacja płk dr hab. Juliusz Tym Wyższe szkolnictwo wojskowe Rzeczypospolitej a sztuka myślenia strategicznego ....................... 98 Technika i logistyka płk rez. dr hab. Adam Radomyski Ewolucja systemu obrony powietrznej państw NATO w latach 1950–2015 ................................ 110 mjr mgr inż. nawig. Sylwester Lubiejewski Lotnictwo śmigłowcowe w działaniach bojowych odzyskiwania izolowanego personelu (personnel recovery) ........................................................................................................................ 127 Omówienia, recenzje, sprawozdania dr hab. Arkadiusz Czwołek Polska racja stanu w perspektywie 2025 r. (ang.) Bogdan Grenda, Piotr Grochmalski, Halina Świeboda, National Security Forecast. Polish Perspective, Warszawa 2018 .................................................................................................................................... 145 * * * Streszczenia w języku angielskim ................................................................................................... 151 Wskazówki redakcyjno-techniczne dotyczące przygotowania prac do opublikowania w „Kwartalniku Bellona” ................................................................................................................ 155 Kwartalnik Bellona 2/2019 55 Table of Contents Security and Defense BrigGen Ryszard Parafianowicz, PhD in Eng. Operational Warfare in War College and War Studies University ................................................... 17 Edyta Żyła, MA Financing of terrorism in the EU countries. Research on contemporary threats to financial security in the light of the FATF reports ........................................................................................... 30 Angelika Wróblewska, MA Selected Aspects of Security and Defense Policy in Finland ........................................................... 47 Col (Ret) Pilot Bronisław Galoch, PhD The Russian Arctic in 2019 ............................................................................................................... 56 Art of War Col Wojciech Robert Więcek, PhD Education of qualifield officers. Tactical and historical reflections ................................................. 72 Practice and Experience in the Armed Forces Use Col Tomasz Kośmider, PhD Poland’s Security Policy. Experiences and Recommendations ........................................................ 86 Education Col Juliusz Tym, PhD The Higher Military Education in Poland vs. the Art of Strategic Thinking ................................... 98 Technology and Logistics Col (Res) Adam Radomyski, PhD Evolution of air defence system in NATO countries In the years 1950-2015 ................................ 110 Maj Sylwester Lubiejewski, MSc in Eng. Helicopters in personnel recovery missions .................................................................................... 127 Reviews and Reports Arkadiusz Czwołek, PhD Polish Reasons of State in the Perspective of 2025 National Security Forecast. Polish Perspective, edited by Bogdan Grenda, Piotr Grochmalski, Halina Świeboda, Warszawa 2018 ................................................................................................................... 145 * * * Summaries in English .......................................................................................................................... 151 Editorial guidelines on the preparation of articles for publishing in Kwartalnik Bellona................. 155 6 Kwartalnik Bellona 2/2019 Od redakcji Integracja ziem II Rzeczypospolitej ze względu na skalę i nowatorstwo była unikalnym pro- jektem w dziejach Europy. Polskie elity wojskowe i cywilne potrafiły wypracować wspólne strategiczne cele. Polska stała się prekursorem nowoczesnej koncepcji wspólnoty narodo- wej. Harwardzki uczony Roman Szporluk zauważył, że „Polacy potrafili rozbudzić teorię na- rodu w Europie. […] Naród historyczny, taki jak Polacy, którego wszyscy uważali za naród dlatego, że walczył o państwo, odwołując się do nowej teorii narodu […] stał się doskona- łym modelem dla wszystkich pojawiających się narodów, którym brakowało takich warun- ków wstępnych, jakie mieli Polacy”1. Sercem tego projektu była wspólnota strategiczna – zasadniczo spójne postrzeganie przez miliony obywateli głównych celów, które trzeba osiągnąć, żeby projekt ten zakończył się sukcesem. Przypomnijmy: w latach 1918–1921 Polska była zaangażowana w sześć wojen, w tym w ogromny w skali geopolitycznej konflikt z sowiecką Rosją2. Według szacunków 11 listopada 1918 roku polskie wojsko liczyło 29 543 osoby3. Racją stanu stało się szybkie zbudowanie armii opartej na etosie obywatel- skiej służby odrodzonej ojczyźnie. W zasadniczym momencie Bitwy Warszawskiej polskie siły liczyły już – według oceny Józefa Piłsudskiego – 120 tys. żołnierzy4. „Bellona” od początku towarzyszyła tworzącej się armii polskiej i odbudowie II Rzeczypospolitej. Elementem misji czasopisma było wspieranie rozwoju polskich elit woj- skowych i tworzenie nowoczesnej myśli strategiczno-operacyjnej. Bieżący numer kwartalni- ka otwiera artykuł rektora-komendanta Akademii Sztuki Wojennej gen. bryg. dr. inż. Ryszarda Parafianowicza „Sztuka operacyjna w Wyższej Szkole Wojennej i Akademii Sztuki Wojennej” (Operational Warfare in War College and War Studies University). W tym roku mija bowiem sto lat od powołania Wojennej Szkoły Sztabu Generalnego, późniejszej Wyższej Szkoły Wojennej i jej obecnej kontynuatorki – Akademii Sztuki Wojennej. Autor ukazuje historycz- ne etapy kształtowania się sztuki operacyjnej. Jak zauważa, „[...} podstawowym zadaniem sił zbrojnych II Rzeczypospolitej było zbudowanie ich kultury organizacyjnej, w tym sztuki wojennej, po 123 latach zaborów, a w zasadzie po 87 latach od momentu, gdy po wojnie pol- sko-rosyjskiej
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