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Quantum Foundations with Astronomical Photons Calvin Leung
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont HMC Senior Theses HMC Student Scholarship 2017 Quantum Foundations with Astronomical Photons Calvin Leung Recommended Citation Leung, Calvin, "Quantum Foundations with Astronomical Photons" (2017). HMC Senior Theses. 112. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/112 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the HMC Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in HMC Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Quantum Foundations with Astronomical Photons Calvin Leung Jason Gallicchio, Advisor Department of Physics May, 2017 Copyright c 2017 Calvin Leung. The author grants Harvey Mudd College the nonexclusive right to make this work available for noncommercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author. Abstract Bell's inequalities impose an upper limit on correlations between measurements of two-photon states under the assumption that the pho- tons play by a set of local rules rather than by quantum mechanics. Quantum theory and decades of experiments both violate this limit. Recent theoretical work in quantum foundations has demonstrated that a local realist model can explain the non-local correlations observed in experimental tests of Bell's inequality if the underlying probability dis- tribution of the local hidden variable depends on the choice of measure- ment basis, or \setting choice". By using setting choices determined by astrophysical events in the distant past, it is possible to asymptotically guarantee that the setting choice is independent of local hidden vari- ables which come into play around the time of the experiment, closing this \freedom-of-choice" loophole. -
On the Nature of Filaments of the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe Irina Rozgacheva, I Kuvshinova
On the nature of filaments of the large-scale structure of the Universe Irina Rozgacheva, I Kuvshinova To cite this version: Irina Rozgacheva, I Kuvshinova. On the nature of filaments of the large-scale structure of the Universe. 2018. hal-01962100 HAL Id: hal-01962100 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01962100 Preprint submitted on 20 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. On the nature of filaments of the large-scale structure of the Universe I. K. Rozgachevaa, I. B. Kuvshinovab All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of Russian Academy of Sciences (VINITI RAS), Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Observed properties of filaments which dominate in large-scale structure of the Universe are considered. A part from these properties isn’t described within the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. The “toy” model of forma- tion of primary filaments owing to the primary scalar and vector gravitational perturbations in the uniform and isotropic cosmological model which is filled with matter with negligible pressure, without use of a hypothesis of tidal interaction of dark matter halos is offered. -
Fy10 Budget by Program
AURA/NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010 Revised Submitted to the National Science Foundation March 16, 2011 This image, aimed toward the southern celestial pole atop the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope, shows the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the Milky Way (Carinae Region) and the Coal Sack (dark area, close to the Southern Crux). The 33 “written” on the Schmidt Telescope dome using a green laser pointer during the two-minute exposure commemorates the rescue effort of 33 miners trapped for 69 days almost 700 m underground in the San Jose mine in northern Chile. The image was taken while the rescue was in progress on 13 October 2010, at 3:30 am Chilean Daylight Saving time. Image Credit: Arturo Gomez/CTIO/NOAO/AURA/NSF National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2010 Revised (October 1, 2009 – September 30, 2010) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 March 16, 2011 Table of Contents MISSION SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................ IV 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 2 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................ -
Quasar Pairs with Arcminute Angular Separations
A&A 372, 1–7 (2001) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010283 & c ESO 2001 Astrophysics Quasar pairs with arcminute angular separations V. I. Zhdanov1,2 and J. Surdej1,? 1 Institut d’Astrophysique, Universit´edeLi`ege, Avenue de Cointe 5, 4000 Li`ege, Belgium 2 Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv University, Observatorna St. 3, UA- 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine Received 19 October 2000 / Accepted 16 February 2001 Abstract. We use the V´eron-Cetty & V´eron (2000) catalog (VV) of 13 213 quasars to investigate their possible physical grouping over angular scales 1000 ≤ ∆θ ≤ 100000. We first estimate the number of quasar pairs that would be expected in VV assuming a random distribution for the quasar positions and taking into account observational selection effects affecting heterogeneous catalogs. We find in VV a statistically significant (>3σ)excessofpairs of quasars with similar redshifts (∆z ≤ 0.01) and angular separations in the 5000−10000 range, corresponding to projected linear separations (0.2−0.5) Mpc/h75(ΩM =1, ΩΛ =0)or(0.4−0.7) Mpc/h75(ΩM =0.3, ΩΛ =0.7). There is also some excess in the 10000−60000 range corresponding to (1−5) Mpc in projected linear separations. If most of these quasar pairs do indeed belong to large physical entities, these separations must represent the inner scales of huge mass concentrations (cf. galaxy clusters or superclusters) at high redshifts; but it is not excluded that some of the pairs may actually consist of multiple quasar images produced by gravitational lensing. Of course, a fraction of these pairs could also arise due to random projections of quasars on the sky. -
X-Ray Jets Aneta Siemiginowska
Chandra News Issue 21 Spring 2014 Published by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) X-ray Jets Aneta Siemiginowska The Active Galaxy 4C+29.30 Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/A.Siemiginowska et al; Optical: NASA/STScI; Radio: NSF/NRAO/VLA Contents X-ray Jets HETG 3 Aneta Siemiginowska 18 David Huenemoerder (for the HETG team) 10 Project Scientist’s Report 20 LETG Martin Weisskopf Jeremy Drake 11 Project Manager’s Report 23 Chandra Calibration Roger Brissenden Larry David Message of Thanks to Useful Web Addresses 12 Harvey Tananbaum 23 The Chandra Team Belinda Wilkes Appointed as CIAO 4.6 13 Director of the CXC 24 Antonella Fruscione, for the CIAO Team Of Programs and Papers: Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship 13 Making the Chandra Connection 29 Program Sherry Winkelman & Arnold Rots Andrea Prestwich Chandra Related Meetings Cycle 14 Peer Review Results 14 and Important Dates 30 Belinda Wilkes ACIS Chandra Users’ Committee 14 Paul Plucinsky, Royce Buehler, 34 Membership List Gregg Germain, & Richard Edgar HRC CXC 2013 Science Press 15 Ralph Kraft, Hans Moritz Guenther 35 Releases (SAO), and Wolfgang Pietsch (MPE) Megan Watzke The Chandra Newsletter appears once a year and is edited by Paul J. Green, with editorial assistance and layout by Evan Tingle. We welcome contributions from readers. Comments on the newsletter, or corrections and additions to the hardcopy mailing list should be sent to: [email protected]. Spring, 2014 3 X-ray Jets many unanswered questions, including the nature of relativistic jets, jet energetics, particle content, parti- Aneta Siemiginowska cle acceleration and emission processes. Both statis- tical studies of large samples of jets across the entire The first recorded observation of an extragalac- electromagnetic spectrum and deep broad-band imag- tic jet was made almost a century ago. -
And Ecclesiastical Cosmology
GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2018 101 GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com DEMOLITION HUBBLE'S LAW, BIG BANG THE BASIS OF "MODERN" AND ECCLESIASTICAL COSMOLOGY Author: Weitter Duckss (Slavko Sedic) Zadar Croatia Pусскй Croatian „If two objects are represented by ball bearings and space-time by the stretching of a rubber sheet, the Doppler effect is caused by the rolling of ball bearings over the rubber sheet in order to achieve a particular motion. A cosmological red shift occurs when ball bearings get stuck on the sheet, which is stretched.“ Wikipedia OK, let's check that on our local group of galaxies (the table from my article „Where did the blue spectral shift inside the universe come from?“) galaxies, local groups Redshift km/s Blueshift km/s Sextans B (4.44 ± 0.23 Mly) 300 ± 0 Sextans A 324 ± 2 NGC 3109 403 ± 1 Tucana Dwarf 130 ± ? Leo I 285 ± 2 NGC 6822 -57 ± 2 Andromeda Galaxy -301 ± 1 Leo II (about 690,000 ly) 79 ± 1 Phoenix Dwarf 60 ± 30 SagDIG -79 ± 1 Aquarius Dwarf -141 ± 2 Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte -122 ± 2 Pisces Dwarf -287 ± 0 Antlia Dwarf 362 ± 0 Leo A 0.000067 (z) Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal -354 ± 3 IC 10 -348 ± 1 NGC 185 -202 ± 3 Canes Venatici I ~ 31 GSJ© 2018 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2018 102 Andromeda III -351 ± 9 Andromeda II -188 ± 3 Triangulum Galaxy -179 ± 3 Messier 110 -241 ± 3 NGC 147 (2.53 ± 0.11 Mly) -193 ± 3 Small Magellanic Cloud 0.000527 Large Magellanic Cloud - - M32 -200 ± 6 NGC 205 -241 ± 3 IC 1613 -234 ± 1 Carina Dwarf 230 ± 60 Sextans Dwarf 224 ± 2 Ursa Minor Dwarf (200 ± 30 kly) -247 ± 1 Draco Dwarf -292 ± 21 Cassiopeia Dwarf -307 ± 2 Ursa Major II Dwarf - 116 Leo IV 130 Leo V ( 585 kly) 173 Leo T -60 Bootes II -120 Pegasus Dwarf -183 ± 0 Sculptor Dwarf 110 ± 1 Etc. -
12 Strong Gravitational Lenses
12 Strong Gravitational Lenses Phil Marshall, MaruˇsaBradaˇc,George Chartas, Gregory Dobler, Ard´ısEl´ıasd´ottir,´ Emilio Falco, Chris Fassnacht, James Jee, Charles Keeton, Masamune Oguri, Anthony Tyson LSST will contain more strong gravitational lensing events than any other survey preceding it, and will monitor them all at a cadence of a few days to a few weeks. Concurrent space-based optical or perhaps ground-based surveys may provide higher resolution imaging: the biggest advances in strong lensing science made with LSST will be in those areas that benefit most from the large volume and the high accuracy, multi-filter time series. In this chapter we propose an array of science projects that fit this bill. We first provide a brief introduction to the basic physics of gravitational lensing, focusing on the formation of multiple images: the strong lensing regime. Further description of lensing phenomena will be provided as they arise throughout the chapter. We then make some predictions for the properties of samples of lenses of various kinds we can expect to discover with LSST: their numbers and distributions in redshift, image separation, and so on. This is important, since the principal step forward provided by LSST will be one of lens sample size, and the extent to which new lensing science projects will be enabled depends very much on the samples generated. From § 12.3 onwards we introduce the proposed LSST science projects. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but should serve as a good starting point for investigators looking to exploit the strong lensing phenomenon with LSST. -
Nd AAS Meeting Abstracts
nd AAS Meeting Abstracts 101 – Kavli Foundation Lectureship: The Outreach Kepler Mission: Exoplanets and Astrophysics Search for Habitable Worlds 200 – SPD Harvey Prize Lecture: Modeling 301 – Bridging Laboratory and Astrophysics: 102 – Bridging Laboratory and Astrophysics: Solar Eruptions: Where Do We Stand? Planetary Atoms 201 – Astronomy Education & Public 302 – Extrasolar Planets & Tools 103 – Cosmology and Associated Topics Outreach 303 – Outer Limits of the Milky Way III: 104 – University of Arizona Astronomy Club 202 – Bridging Laboratory and Astrophysics: Mapping Galactic Structure in Stars and Dust 105 – WIYN Observatory - Building on the Dust and Ices 304 – Stars, Cool Dwarfs, and Brown Dwarfs Past, Looking to the Future: Groundbreaking 203 – Outer Limits of the Milky Way I: 305 – Recent Advances in Our Understanding Science and Education Overview and Theories of Galactic Structure of Star Formation 106 – SPD Hale Prize Lecture: Twisting and 204 – WIYN Observatory - Building on the 308 – Bridging Laboratory and Astrophysics: Writhing with George Ellery Hale Past, Looking to the Future: Partnerships Nuclear 108 – Astronomy Education: Where Are We 205 – The Atacama Large 309 – Galaxies and AGN II Now and Where Are We Going? Millimeter/submillimeter Array: A New 310 – Young Stellar Objects, Star Formation 109 – Bridging Laboratory and Astrophysics: Window on the Universe and Star Clusters Molecules 208 – Galaxies and AGN I 311 – Curiosity on Mars: The Latest Results 110 – Interstellar Medium, Dust, Etc. 209 – Supernovae and Neutron -
Observational Searches for Star-Forming Galaxies at Z > 6
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA), Vol. 33, e037, 35 pages (2016). C Astronomical Society of Australia 2016; published by Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.26 Observational Searches for Star-Forming Galaxies at z > 6 Steven L. Finkelstein1,2 1Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA 2Email: [email protected] (Received November 19, 2015; Accepted June 23, 2016) Abstract Although the universe at redshifts greater than six represents only the first one billion years (<10%) of cosmic time, the dense nature of the early universe led to vigorous galaxy formation and evolution activity which we are only now starting to piece together. Technological improvements have, over only the past decade, allowed large samples of galaxies at such high redshifts to be collected, providing a glimpse into the epoch of formation of the first stars and galaxies. A wide variety of observational techniques have led to the discovery of thousands of galaxy candidates at z > 6, with spectroscopically confirmed galaxies out to nearly z = 9. Using these large samples, we have begun to gain a physical insight into the processes inherent in galaxy evolution at early times. In this review, I will discuss (i) the selection techniques for finding distant galaxies, including a summary of previous and ongoing ground and space-based searches, and spectroscopic follow-up efforts, (ii) insights into galaxy evolution gleaned from measures such as the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function, the stellar mass function, and galaxy star-formation rates, and (iii) the effect of galaxies on their surrounding environment, including the chemical enrichment of the universe, and the reionisation of the intergalactic medium. -
HST Images of Nearby Luminous Quasars II: Results for Eight Quasars and Tests of the Detection Sensitivity
HST IMAGES OF NEARBY LUMINOUS QUASARS I I RESULTS FOR EIGHT QUASARS AND TESTS OF THE 1 DETECTION SENSITIVITY John N Bahcall Soa Kirhakos Institute for Advanced Study School of Natural Sciences Princeton NJ and Donald P Schneider Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA and Institute for Advanced Study School of Natural Sciences Princeton NJ Received accepted astro-ph/9501018 6 Jan 95 Based on observations with the NASAESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute which is op erated by the Asso ciation of Universities for Research in Astronomy Inc under NASA contract NAS ABSTRACT HST observations of eight intrinsically luminous quasars with redshifts b etween and are presented Seven companion galaxies brighter than M H kms Mp c lie within a pro jected V distance of kp c of the quasars three of the companions are lo cated closer 00 than kp c pro jected distance from the quasars well within the volume that would b e enclosed by a typical L host galaxy The observed asso ciation of quasars and companion galaxies is statistically signicant and may b e an imp ortant element in the luminousquasar phenomenon Evidence for candidate host galaxies is presented for the three most promising cases PG C and PG but additional observations are required b efore the characteristics of the candidate hosts can b e regarded as established Upp er limits are placed on the visualband brightnesses of representative galactic hosts for all of the quasars -
U. S. Naval Observatory Washington, D. C. 20392-5420 Ued to Advance for the Astronomical Almanac and Astro- Nomical Phenomena
633 U. S. Naval Observatory Washington, D. C. 20392-5420 ued to advance for The Astronomical Almanac and Astro- nomical Phenomena. The Astronomical Almanac for 2001 was published at the earliest date in over 15 years. Proceed- I. PERSONNEL ings of the U.S. NAO Sesquicentennial Symposium, held last A. Civilian Personnel year, were published during this reporting period. USNO Circular 178, ‘‘List of Active Professional Observatories,’’ Retirements included Alan Bird. by M. Lukac and R. Miller, went to press in June 2000. Tom Corbin retired on Oct. 2, 1999 after a 35-year career Exchange of material also continued with both the Institut de at USNO. F.S. Gauss retired on 2 June, after a 37-year career Mechanique Celeste ͑France͒ and HMNAO. at USNO. A major effort to streamline almanac production is ongo- ing within the NAO. S. Stewart continued to review, docu- B. DoD Science and Engineering Apprenticeship ment, upgrade, and standardize production of Sections E and Program HofThe Astronomical Almanac, as well as documenting the rest of the sections prepared by the U.S. NAO. This infor- The USNO summer intern program for high school and mation and the status of all publications are now on-line college students continued in the summer of 1999. This pro- within the department for easier access and timeliness. Al- gram, called the Science and Engineering Apprentice Pro- manac production software is being moved into an auto- gram ͑SEAP͒, is sponsored by the Department of Defense mated version control system for the purposes of standard- ͑DoD͒ and managed by George Washington University. -
Observational Cosmology - 30H Course 218.163.109.230 Et Al
Observational cosmology - 30h course 218.163.109.230 et al. (2004–2014) PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 31 Oct 2013 03:42:03 UTC Contents Articles Observational cosmology 1 Observations: expansion, nucleosynthesis, CMB 5 Redshift 5 Hubble's law 19 Metric expansion of space 29 Big Bang nucleosynthesis 41 Cosmic microwave background 47 Hot big bang model 58 Friedmann equations 58 Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric 62 Distance measures (cosmology) 68 Observations: up to 10 Gpc/h 71 Observable universe 71 Structure formation 82 Galaxy formation and evolution 88 Quasar 93 Active galactic nucleus 99 Galaxy filament 106 Phenomenological model: LambdaCDM + MOND 111 Lambda-CDM model 111 Inflation (cosmology) 116 Modified Newtonian dynamics 129 Towards a physical model 137 Shape of the universe 137 Inhomogeneous cosmology 143 Back-reaction 144 References Article Sources and Contributors 145 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 148 Article Licenses License 150 Observational cosmology 1 Observational cosmology Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors. Early observations The science of physical cosmology as it is practiced today had its subject material defined in the years following the Shapley-Curtis debate when it was determined that the universe had a larger scale than the Milky Way galaxy. This was precipitated by observations that established the size and the dynamics of the cosmos that could be explained by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.