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C S a S S C C S C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2007/019 Document de recherche 2007/019 Not to be cited without Ne pas citer sans Permission of the authors * autorisation des auteurs * Status of Birkenhead River Chinook État du saumon quinnat de la rivière salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Birkenhead (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Schubert, N.D.1, Candy, J.R.2, Cook, R.3, Greenbank, J.4, Lofthouse, D.3, McNicol, R.E.2, Parken, C.K.2, Sneddon, D.5, Tadey, J.A.1, and Wilson, K.H.6 1. Science Branch, Salmon Assessments and Freshwater Ecosystems Division 100 Annacis Parkway, Unit 3, Delta, B.C. V3M 6A2 2. Science Branch, Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. V9T 6N7 3. Oceans, Habitat and Enhancement Branch, Salmonid Enhancement Program Vancouver, B.C. 401 Burrard Street V6V 3S4 4. Greenbank Environmental Services 913 Baker Drive, Coquitlam, B.C. V3J 6X3 5. Resource Management, Lower Fraser Area 100 Annacis Parkway, Unit 3, Delta, B.C. V3M 6A2 6. 615 East 51st Avenue, Vancouver B.C. V5X 1E1 * This series documents the scientific basis for the * La présente série documente les bases evaluation of fisheries resources in Canada. As scientifiques des évaluations des ressources such, it addresses the issues of the day in the halieutiques du Canada. Elle traite des time frames required and the documents it problèmes courants selon les échéanciers contains are not intended as definitive statements dictés. Les documents qu’elle contient ne on the subjects addressed but rather as progress doivent pas être considérés comme des énoncés reports on ongoing investigations. définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the official Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans language in which they are provided to the la langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit Secretariat. envoyé au Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at: Ce document est disponible sur l’Internet à: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ ISSN 1499-3848 (Printed / Imprimé) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2007 © Sa majesté la Reine, Chef du Canada, 2007 i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................1 WATERSHED DESCRIPTION AND USE..........................................................................................2 LILLOOET RIVER SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................2 BIRKENHEAD RIVER....................................................................................................................3 WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT....................................................................................................4 Human Settlements.................................................................................................................4 Forestry ..................................................................................................................................5 Agriculture ...............................................................................................................................5 Flood Control...........................................................................................................................6 Linear Developments..............................................................................................................6 Mining ..................................................................................................................................7 Energy ..................................................................................................................................7 Parks and Recreation..............................................................................................................7 SPECIES AND POPULATION DESCRIPTION .................................................................................8 SPECIES CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ......................................................................8 SPECIES DISTRIBUTION..............................................................................................................8 LIFE HISTORY...............................................................................................................................8 General ..................................................................................................................................8 Harrison-Lillooet Chinook Populations..................................................................................10 Birkenhead Chinook..............................................................................................................11 POPULATION GENETICS ...............................................................................................................11 REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION.....................................................................................................11 LOCAL ADAPTATION..................................................................................................................13 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................13 SPAWNER POPULATION ...............................................................................................................14 ABUNDANCE ...............................................................................................................................14 Assessment History..............................................................................................................14 Reevaluation of Spawner Abundance Estimates .................................................................15 Total Spawners................................................................................................................15 Spawners with AFCs and CWTs.....................................................................................16 TIMING ................................................................................................................................16 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS............................................................................................16 Age ...............................................................................................................................16 Body Size..............................................................................................................................17 FISHERIES ................................................................................................................................17 FRESHWATER FISHERIES........................................................................................................17 Lillooet System First Nations.................................................................................................17 Lower Fraser First Nations....................................................................................................19 Albion Test Fishery ...............................................................................................................21 Fraser River Commercial ......................................................................................................21 Recreational ..........................................................................................................................21 Lower Fraser River ..........................................................................................................21 Lillooet River System.......................................................................................................22 Birkenhead River.............................................................................................................22 MARINE FISHERIES....................................................................................................................22 Individual Fishery Impacts.....................................................................................................23 ii SEAK Troll.............................................................................................................................23 Strait of Georgia Recreational...............................................................................................23 Other Ocean Fisheries..........................................................................................................23 Fraser First Nations Fisheries ..............................................................................................24 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................24 ENHANCEMENT ..............................................................................................................................24 HISTORY ................................................................................................................................24 POTENTIAL ROLE.......................................................................................................................25 PRODUCTIVITY ...............................................................................................................................26 PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY ...............................................................................................................27
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