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Managing Cultural Resources on Isle Royale

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Managing Cultural Resources on Isle Royale National Park Service Your Guide to Isle Royale National Park U.S. Department of the Interior www.nps.gov/isro Seeing the Forest Through its People: WELCOME TO ISLE ROYALE Managing Cultural Resources on Isle Royale National Park, an archipelago of islands whose ALTHOUGH WILDERNESS IS A BIG PART OF THE Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the character has been shaped by a complex mix Isle Royale experience, and is well represented by the island’s Wilderness Act of 1964. There are others; however, those listed of natural and human change. thick forests and abundant wildlife, perhaps less recognized is the offer general and specific directives on how cultural resources For more than 4000 years, there has been a human interaction with this same landscape. Such engagements should be managed within contexts of discovery, preservation, sustained human presence on Isle Royale. The span more than four millennium and include a variety of human education, and wilderness. culmination of all those past relationships activities, some modest in scale, others more industrious. Evidence We also turn to information gathered over the years through with the land helps define the Island you and of many of these past endeavors is relatively faint when compared various archaeological field surveys, site assessments and cultural I experience today. with more modern imprints; however, each activity is well landscape analyses. Numerous archaeological surveys have represented on the landscape and each offers its own compelling Along with massive geological processes like been performed on Isle Royale, each synthesizing data on sites the grinding of an ice sheet two miles thick story. A few examples: Native American occupation sites dot the associated with aboriginal and historic use of the island. Every archipelago from one end to the other reflecting thousands (yes, and the more subtle effects of fire, moose and year additional sites are discovered, each lending themselves beaver, humans have been and continue to thousands) of years of seasonal island use; 19th century mining to a clearer understanding of past occupations and island be a significant force of change on the Island. sites exhibit technological adaptations and convey a sense of culture. Recent studies have focused on the standing structures The protection of Isle Royale as a national connection to national markets; The island’s four lighthouses still present on Isle Royale including lighthouses, Civilian park and a Wilderness area is essentially a illuminate an era where ship traffic was the predominant mode of Conservation Corps structures, fishery buildings, and summer transportation; Commercial fishing sites offer glimpses of a hard, residences. Cultural landscapes have also been given attention. human construct. Without people, there yet noble profession that contrasts sharply with the summer resort would be no Wilderness. And without and recreational cabin histories where life was more relaxed. Also worth noting are those island features now listed on the an understanding of how people valued Although brief, this sketch illustrates a measureable human National Register for Historic Places. All four lighthouses are the place in the past, we are disabled from influence on the island landscape. This influence may be tacit, but listed as are the island’s ten major shipwrecks. The Johns Hotel learning from their experiences. it is no less significant to a modern island experience. on Barnum Island is listed for its association with the recreation and commercial fishing industries. The Edisen Fishery near How do we protect these human stories? In November 2010, Isle Royale National Park initiated public review the west end of Rock Harbor was listed for its association with A suite of laws intended to preserve our for a Cultural Resources Management Plan, which will address the commercial fishing. Less recognized but equally significant is the invaluable cultural heritage are applicable in general management, preservation, public use, and interpretation Minong Mine Historic District. This district is unique in that it Wilderness. In addition, the park is currently of cultural resources island-wide. The process is expected to take was listed for its association with aboriginal and historic mining generating a Cultural Resources Management two years. As part of this process, the National Park Service has endeavors, which collectively represent a continuation of use Plan that will define specifically how we will formed an interdisciplinary planning team to produce the plan spanning hundreds if not thousands of years. protect our history and prehistory both on in consultation with the public, tribal and state governments, and land and underwater. Park staff and regional other interested parties. I encourage you, the visitor, to delve into Isle Royale’s cultural heritage. Before and/or during your travels, spend some time experts continue to inventory, monitor and Isle Royale’s cultural resources reflect 4500 years of human reviewing histories involving the island. Take a few moments research the Island’s cultural sites to provide endeavor and include: prehistoric mining and occupation sites, (and a breather) to read the interpretive signs you encounter along condition assessments and to seek for deeper American Indian and Euro-American historic mining and fishery the way. Attend island history presentations at Rock Harbor insights into our past. sites, lighthouses, shipwrecks, and historic resorts and summer and Windigo. If time and chance permit, visit the Rock Harbor Only a full understanding of our cultural homes. They demonstrate a complex interaction of people and Lighthouse and Edisen Fishery museums. These two sites offer resources will allow park staff to make the role they played in shaping the human and physical landscapes extensive collections of artifacts related to Isle Royale shipwrecks informed decisions on how to manage the on Isle Royale. Presently, the National Park Service manages its and lifeways associated with island fisheries. And be sure to ask legacy of our past relationships with this island cultural resources according to directives defined in the Park’s Park staff about Island history and how it relates to your course General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement of travel. I promise that these stories and material remains will and to integrate them with the wilderness without specific guidance for a number of cultural resource themes enhance your island experience, imparting a sense of context and qualities valued in and topics. The proposed Cultural Resources Management Plan relevance among aspects of the wild. the contemporary and accompanying Environmental Assessment seek to define landscape. The past, sustainable management practices for all significant cultural For more information on the planning process and to present and future of review and comment on draft documents please visit: resources found on Isle Royale, including archeological sites, this place are forever http://parkplanning.nps.gov/ISROcrmp cultural landscapes, historic structures, ethnographic resources, intertwined. and museum objects. See you on the trail, To guide us through this process, the Park employs many useful Seth DePasqual Phyllis Green, management tools associated with laws such as the National Archaeologist, Cultural Resource Manager Superintendent Environmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Archaeological Resource Protection Act, Antiquities Act of 1906, 4 Interpretive Activities 5 – 8 Wilderness Use 11 Transport & Fees 12 Publications Educational Programs about the natural and Pull-out section with information on Ferry schedules and daily fees. Books and maps provided through the cultural history of the park. Leave No Trace, hiking, camping, Isle Royale and Keweenaw Parks Association. fishing, canoeing, kayaking and boating. ....................... ....................... ..................... Printing of The Greenstone courtesy of the Isle Royale and Keweenaw Parks Association Did You Know? 60% of the 394 National Park Service sites were set aside specifically as tangible legacies of history and prehistory. Even parks designated mainly for their natural features contain extensive and significant cultural resources. On Isle Royale, memoirs of a long, rich human story are written across today’s island landscape. Contacts 1) During the 1800s, numerous commercial copper mines were active. Roads and buildings were constructed, Isle Royale National Park the land was burned and tons of rock was moved. The most successful of these endeavors was the Minong 800 E. Lakeshore Drive Mine near McCargoe Cove. How many pounds of refined copper were produced from this mine? Houghton, MI 49931-1869 2) One of Isle Royale’s resorts boasted a golf course, tennis and shuffleboard courts and a “swimming pool”. Phone: 906-482-0984 Where was this resort? And how many holes of golf could you play there? Fax: 906-482-8753 Website: www.nps.gov/isro 3) In July of 1936, a fire started on Isle Royale. Civilian Conservation Corps members were dispatched to the E-mail for General Information: island. By the time the fire was out, they had dug hundreds of miles of trenches including a continuous path [email protected] from Daisy Farm to Todd Harbor. How many CCC firefighters were involved and what percent of the island Emergency use only: burned ? 800-727-5847 Isle Royale and Keweenaw Parks Association (Books & Maps) . event. this of legacy a are interior
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