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Adaptive Management for Ecosystem Function

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Adaptive Management for Recovery of Terrestrial/ Wetland Ecosystem Function within Reservoir Footprints Columbia River Adaptive Management Workshop May 9, 2019 Berkeley, CA Greg Utzig Restoring Kutenai Nature Investigations Ltd. Ecosystem Function Nelson, BC CANADA [email protected] www.kootenayresilience.org Basin Components Treaty Dams/ Reservoirs • Keenleyside/ Arrow Lakes • Mica/ Kinbasket • Duncan Columbia River below Non-Treaty Dams/ Reservoirs Revelstoke Dam • Revelstoke • Libby/ Koocanusa Duncan River • Lower Kootenay River Dams below • Pend d’Orielle Dams Duncan Dam Affected Lakes/ Rivers • Kootenay Lake • Kootenay River (lower/ upper) Lower Kootenay • Duncan River River Dams • Columbia River (above/ below Arrow) Corra Linn • Pend d’Orielle River Upper Bonnington Kootenay River Lower Bonnington below Libby Dam South Slocan Kootenay Canal Brilliant Pend d’Oreille Columbia River below River Dams Keenleyside Dam Seven Mile, Waneta 2 Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program - Columbia • Established to offset impacts of BC Hydro dams and reservoirs on fish and wildlife • Objectives – Meet water license obligations for compensation for dam impacts – Sustain and enhance fish and wildlife impacted by dams l Initiated “Dam Impacts Project” to: q Update our understanding of the impacts of dam construction q Assist in prioritization of compensation options q To support ongoing strategic and program planning q Facilitate reporting progress in addressing the impacts 3 Dam Footprint Ecosystem Mapping Primary Information Sources Mica Dam 4 Ecosystem Mapping Results “Big Bend” Example Floodplain forest Wetlands Upland forest Mica Dam 5 Area Flooded by Ecosystem 6 Environmental Impacts Habitat Losses • Terrestrial Uplands • Riparian Forests • Wetlands • Large Rivers Reservoir Footprints • Low Gradient Streams • Reservoir Flooding • Lakes Species Impacts • 47 fish species • 289 vertebrate species Lost Primary Productivity • Carbon sequestration Downstream Impacts: • Channel Stability • Nutrients/ Oxygen • Riparian Ecosystems Reservoir/ Operational • River Flow Regimes • Seasonal storage/ release • Water Temperature • Peaking • Other dams • Anadromous Fish Blockages 7 Terrestrial – Wetland Habitat Losses 8 Duncan Wetlands River and Stream Habitat Losses 9 Primary Productivity Changes Kinbasket (A. Moody 2003) 10 Adaptive Management for Improving Ecosystem Function Mid-Elevation Arrow Example Issues (potential objectives): • Footprint habitat losses: – terrestrial ecosystems/ wetlands – low gradient streams/ aquatic ecosystems • Footprint agricultural losses • Recreational concerns – reducing seasonal water level fluctuations/ increased certainty • Minimizing impacts on: – Flood risk management – Hydro power generation – Fisheries – Downstream ecosystem function 11 Upper Arrow Lake pre-Keenleyside 12 Arrow Lakes – pre-Keenleyside Dam Natural Flooding Regime And Shoreline Characteristics 1922 - 1967 1410 ft. (430 m) Flooding <35 days Flat to Gently Sloping < 1 in 7 years Fine Textured Soils 1400 ft. (427 m) Flooding >35 days > 1 in 7 years 1390 ft. (424 m) 13 Upper Arrow Lake pre- and post-Keenleyside ~41 ft. ~21 ft. 14 Arrow Mid-Elevation Example 15 Arrow Mid-Elevation Example 16 Arrow Mid-Elevation Example 17 Arrow Mid-Elevation Example 18 Arrow Mid-Elevation Example Ecosystems Re-established Ecosystems Lost to Flooding Tradeoffs …… e.g., Storage since 2008: 3.7-4.8 maf Mid-Elev Arrow: +/-3 maf 1/7 years <1 maf 6/7 years 19 Adaptive Appropriate Operations Management Adjustments Define problem/ decision structure Cycle An Establish goals/ Learn & objectives Example adapt Plan Evaluate/ Communicate Model linkages current between objectives & Respondunderstanding proposed actions Analyze, Define performance synthesize & measures evaluate Implement/ Design & implement Design & monitoringMonitorimplement actions Asapted from: The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Plan - Government of California http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/delta-plan-0 20 Adaptive Appropriate Operations Management Adjustments Define problem/ decision structure Cycle An Establish goals/ Learn & objectives adapt Example Communicate Model linkages current between objectives & understanding proposed actions Analyze, Define performance synthesize & measures evaluate Design & implement Design & monitoring implement actions Asapted from: The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Plan - Government of California http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/delta-plan-0 21 Mid Elevation Arrow Example 1. Problem – lost habitats – terrestrial/wetland/streams Decision Structure – CRT entities/ BC Gov. 2. Objectives – restore lost habitats and agriculture 3. Objectives/Actions – investigations/ modeling of what operations hinder habitat restoration 4. Performance Measures – re-vegetation, stream channel stability, storage impacts 5. Action – Limit flooding in upper 2m to once in seven years and <35 days (alternatives in other reservoirs - different durations, different periodicity?) 6. Monitoring • Reservoir: periodic vegetation plots, stream channel assessments, reservoir productivity, reservoir fish populations, recreation use, agriculture opportunities • Downstream: river channel changes, flow regimes, loss of flood storage, power production 7. Analysis - how many plots re-vegetated, species in plots, growth, stability of steam channels 8. Communication of Results - to public and decision-makers 9. Adaption – Long-term changes to reservoir management? 22 “Times have changed – no longer is our goal sustainable development …. our goal must now be sustainable survival” Blackstock 2008, p.15 “We have options, but the past is not one of them” Sauchyn and Kulshreshtha 2008, p.295 Links to studies available at: http://www.kootenayresilience.org/columbia-river-treaty.
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