VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJOS KAUNO FAKULTETAS Socialinė

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VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJOS KAUNO FAKULTETAS Socialinė VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJOS KAUNO FAKULTETAS GRAFIKOS KATEDRA Rūtos Kučinskaitės Socialinė tematika gatvės mene Magistro baigiamasis praktinis darbas Taikomosios grafikos studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 621W10007 Magistrantė: Rūta Kučinskaitė .................................................. (parašas) .................................................. (data) Darbo vadovė: dr. Reda Šatūnienė .................................................. (parašas) .................................................. (data) Tvirtinu, katedros vedėjas: doc. Vaidas Naginionis .................................................. (parašas) .................................................. (data) Kaunas, 2016 SANTRAUKA Šiame magistriniame tiriamajame darbe nagrinėjama gatvės meno judėjimo ryšys su socialinėmis aktualijomis. Tyrimu atspirties tašku tapo socialinės problemos, kurias pasirenka publikuoti ,„apnuoginti“ gatvės menas. Aptariama žodžio „socialinis“ reikšmė, kokios šiandieninės problemos yra mėgstamos menininkų ir kada darbas įgauna socialinio kūrinio statusą. Supažindinama su gatvės meno terminu, kaip keitėsi naujoji forma ir įgavo įvairiaspalvį veidą, kuris šiandien kelia prieštaravimų ir diskusijų bangą. Analizuojama istorija ir priežastys, turėjusios įtakos Lietuvos gatvės menui. Kadangi šių dienų menininkai savo praktikoje vis dažniau naudoja naująsias medijas, senas gatvės meno formas transformuoja, keičia naujomis, kyla būtinybė nagrinėti tipologiją ir jų specifiką, naujųjų raiškos formų veikimo principus, panašumus bei skirtumus. Darbas papildomas reklamos ir gatvės meno dialogu. Nagrinėta, kaip šios dvi medijos per ilgą laikotarpį išmoko panaudoti vienos kitos siunčiamus signalus. Atlikta socialinio gatvės meno kūrybos įvairovės analizė atskleidžia, kad gatvės menas – tai judėjimas, protestas, bandantis apeliuoti į visuomenės jausmus. Tai žinutė pasauliui apie socialines pasaulio problemas. 2 SUMMARY The master work analysis the movement of steet art and comminication with realities and society of all over the world. The starting point of the analysis was social problems and connection between street art. The theses focused on discusses of „social“ significante, what kind problems into it intresting artist and when work gaining social status. The importance meaning of street art definition, overview the names of ages and how street art became a phenomenon which nowdays receives positive and negative opinions. The thesis analyzed history of street art and reasons, by had impact of Lithuania street art field. Now days the artist using a new media, old forms is transformations for a new ones, that why is appear imperative to analysis typology and specificity of street art new conceptions. Reviewing the operating pricipes, advantages and differences between the old ones. This thesis have additional part about comercial and street art interaction. The work show how during long history time these two have capasity to take from the each other providing possibilities. The diversity of analysis reveals that street art – is phenomenon movement which is capable touch humans feelings. It’s a message for a humans about global issues. 3 TURINYS SANTRAUKA ........................................................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 2 ĮVADAS ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Žodynas ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1. GATVĖS MENO SAMPRATA, ISTORIJA IR RAIDA ....................................................... 9 1.1. Gatvės meno raida JAV ir Europoje .............................................................................. 11 1.2. Gatvės meno raidos ypatumai Lietuvoje ....................................................................... 19 2. GATVĖS MENO TIPOLOGIJA .......................................................................................... 25 2.1. Gatvės meno formų apžvalga ........................................................................................ 25 2.2. Socialinės meninės akcijos ............................................................................................ 38 3. GATVĖS MENAS TARP REZISTENCIJOS IR KOMERCIŠKUMO ............................... 40 3.1. Anti - komercinės tendencijos: subvertising .................................................................. 40 3.2. Reklamos ir gatvės meno ryšys ..................................................................................... 43 4. SOCIALINĖ TEMATIKA GATVĖS MENE ..................................................................... 48 4.1. Vakarų kūrėjų analizė .................................................................................................... 48 4.2. Socialinė tematika Lietuvos kontekste .......................................................................... 55 IŠVADOS ................................................................................................................................. 61 BIBLIOGRAFINIŲ NUORODŲ SĄRAŠAS .......................................................................... 63 ILIUSTRACIJŲ SĄRAŠAS..................................................................................................... 67 4 ĮVADAS Magistro darbas „Socialinė tematika gatvės mene“ skirtas atskleisti dominuojančią socialinę tematiką gatvės meno darbuose. Darbai nešantys socialinę žinutę, ragina keisti įpročius, protestuoti, kritikuoti ir kvestionuoti nusistovėjusią tvarką. Šiame darbe į gatvės meną žiūrima plačiai: jis neapsiriboja grafičiu ar dideliu realistinio stiliaus piešiniu ant sienos. Įtraukiami ir gatvės performansai, vaizdo projekcijos, teatralizuotos socialinės akcijos, ir socialiniai elementai gatvėje. Temos pasirinkimą lėmė visuomenės požiūris į gatvės meną ir jo įvairovę, taipogi greitas šios meno rūšies paveikumas ir efektyvumas. Psichologiškai efektingai sukurtas gatvės meno kūrinys gali pakeisti žmonių mąstyseną, priversti pasijusti kaltą dėl egzistuojančių problemų ir ilgalaikėje ateityje bandyti jas spręsti. Socialine tematika pasižymintis darbas apeliuoja į žmogaus jausmus, emocijas, aktyviai veikia pasiūlyta kryptimi ir kadangi yra eksponuojamas viešosiose miesto erdvėse, įspūdis ir rezultatas tik sustiprėja. Darbo probleminiai klausimai. Socialinis kūrinys turi aiškų ir konkretų tikslą – paveikti žmogaus jausmus, priversti susimąstyti dėl egzistuojančios problemos ir bandyti ją spręsti. Vakarų šalyse socialiniai gatvės meno kūriniai yra svarbūs pasaulėžiūros ir visuomenės moralės reiškiniai, tačiau Lietuvoje tokių darbų trūksta. Mūsų šalyje socialinės tematikos problemos ir raiška nėra pakankamai išpletota. Tuo tarpu Vakaruose menininkai pasineria į gilius apmąstymus ir koncepcijas, daugiau atsižvelgia į dominančią konkrečią problemą, bei tikslinę auditoriją. Vengiama nagrinėti Lietuvai būdingas problemas, pavyzdžiui: emigraciją, savižudybę, korupciją, alchoholizmą, lygias teises, diskriminaciją, feminizmą, ekologiją. Tačiau vis dėlto, kad ir lėtai, gatvės meno situaciją Lietuvoje keičia kuratorės Ūlos Ambrasaitės, menininkų brolių Gataveckų, T. Šimkaus ir E. Zacharevičiaus ir dešimtis kitų lietuvių darbų iniciatyva. Šis gyvybingas kultūros reiškinys nuolat keičiasi, įgyja vis kitokių raiškos formų, kurios geba sukelti diskusijas ir rasti oponentų ar šalininkų. Štai čia kyla natūralus klausimas, kokių koncepcijų galima pamatyti mūsų šalies gatvėse. Ar yra Lietuvoje inovatyvių gatvės meno formų? Į Lietuvą naujos koncepcijos atkeliauja gerokai lėčiau negu Vakaruose, tačiau šiandien įvairesnių meninių raiškos sprendimų tikrai yra, pavyzdžiui kauniečių menininkų Morfai ir V. Jako kūriniai. Tačiau vis dar yra jaučiamas atotrūkis su Vakarais, kaip teigia menininkas Morfai.1 Taip pat menininkas pastebėjo pastebėjo, kad Lietuvos visuomenė gatvės meno sąmprata susidarė 2010 ir 2011 metų laikotarpiu, Lietuvoje įvykus pirmiesiems gatvės meno festivaliams: ,,Vilnius Street Art festival“ ir Kauno „Nykoka“. Visuomenė pradėjo 1 Rūta Kučinskaitė, Interviu su menininku Morfai. Kaunas, 2016. 5 labiau domėtis šia meno kryptimi.2 Pirminiuose abiejuose festivaliuose buvo galima išvysti dominuojančia murals, freskų technika, tačiau šiuo metu jau stebimas progresas, kiekvienais metais projektai tobulėja ir imamasi inovatyvesnių meninės raiškos modelių, pvz.: instaliacijų, performansų, vaizdo projekcijų, edukacinių užsiėmimų. Tiriamojo ir kūrybinio darbo ryšys. Mano kūryboje visada buvo svarbi plakato įtaka. Pasidomėjus istorijos raida, mane sudomino vadinamieji savamoksliai gatvės meno plakatai, paste-up, kurie savo apogėjų pasiekė gatvės meno istorijos laikotarpiu. Plakatas – vienas geriausių ir seniausių kelių paskleisti norimą žinutę. Mano kūrybos procese aktuali socialinė tematika. Kūrybos atspirties taškas – gyvūnų apsaugos klausimas Lietuvoje. Ši problema ir plakatas, kaip priemonė leidžia greičiau paveikti tikslinę auditoriją, kadangi plakatai yra neatsiejami nuo viešųjų erdvių. Darbų motyvai pasirenkami nuolat stebint ir fiksuojant įvairias situacijas supančioje aplinkoje ir menininkų darbuose. Teorinio darbo temos pasirinkimą ir jos plėtojimo kryptį taip pat lėmė ir mano pačios savitas (platesnis) gatvės meno – judėjimo suvokimas. Siekiu paneigti stereotipus ir priminti Lietuvos visuomenei, kad plakatas yra viena
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