Die Rache Der Göttinmutter

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Die Rache Der Göttinmutter Bergsteiger auf dem Gipfelgrat des Mount Everest*: Bühne der gesellschaftlichen Selbstdarstellung Expeditionen Die Rache der Göttinmutter In das mächtigste Naturtheater der Erde, das Massiv des Mount Everest, dringen Scharen von Touristen ein, jetzt sogar mit einem Last-minute-Flug. Fünf Bergsteiger kamen auf einer kommerziellen Gipfeltour ums Leben. Als nächste versuchen Deutsche – zum Einzelpreis von fast 50 000 Mark – ihr Glück in der Todeszone. as Eis auf dem Südsattel des Schneerampe, beginnt der sogenannte müssen: Wie postmoderne Derwische Mount Everest wirft den Schein Yak-Pfad, die Normalroute am Everest- jetten sie von Kontinent zu Kontinent, um D des Mondes und das helle Band Südostgrat, den kilometertiefe Wände dort den jeweils höchsten Gipfel zu be- der Milchstraße wie kalkiges Licht tragen. zwingen. zurück. Es ist kurz vor Mitternacht, doch Es ist eine bizarre Truppe, die sich an Frisch vom Party-Set New Yorks ist das Leuchten ist so intensiv, daß die der Chomolungma, der „Göttinmutter Sandy Hill Pittman, 41, in den Himalaja Bergsteiger ihre Stirnlampen nicht einzu- der Erde“, abplackt: Auf dem Weg nach geeilt. Sie hat von ihrem Juwelier ein schalten brauchen. Langsam nur gewinnt oben befinden sich westliche Leistungs- kleines Gipfelkreuz anfertigen lassen, die Prozession an Höhe – Führer, Sherpas menschen, die ständige Herausforderun- das sie auf dem Mount Everest den Berg- und 14 Freizeitalpinisten, die in ihren gen brauchen, aber auch solche, die den göttern opfern möchte. Auch ein Arzt aus dicken Daunenanzügen aussehen wie höchsten Berg der Welt als Bühne zur ge- Dallas ist dabei: Beck Weathers, ein Pa- Pinguine. sellschaftlichen Selbstdarstellung sehen. thologe, der sich die Bezwingung des Die Amateure wollen ihr Ziel, den Einige haben bisher nicht viel mehr als Mount Everest zum 50. Geburtstag 8848 Meter hohen Gipfel des Mount eine Sprossenwand im Fitneß-Studio er- schenken möchte. Everest, auf Biegen und Brechen er- klommen, andere folgen der fixen Idee, Die Besteigung organisieren Katalog- reichen. Sie haben Sauerstoffmasken an- stets zu neuen Grenzen aufbrechen zu anbieter, die den Kommerz am Mount gelegt, als sie zum Fuß des großen Everest gewissermaßen auf die Spitze Bollwerks keuchen. Dort, an einer * Blick vom Hillary-Step zum Südgipfel. treiben. Leicht läßt sich das am Preis des 124 DER SPIEGEL 37/1996 GESELLSCHAFT Unternehmens ablesen: Es Auch jetzt, am 10. Mai dieses Jahres, kostet jeden Gipfelaspiran- einem Freitag, kommt es am Berg zu lan- ten 65000 Dollar. Nicht ent- gen Wartezeiten, verhäkeln sich die halten sind darin der Flug Gruppen, sind die Führungssherpas Ang nach Katmandu und die Dorje und Lobsang Jangbu schlecht auf- mögliche Heimreise im einander abgestimmt. Oberhalb der Zinksarg, wohl aber die Schneerampe sollten sie Sicherungsseile Gratisbenutzung des Satel- verankern, doch weiter unten muß sich litentelefons im Basislager, Lobsang Jangbu immer noch um Sandy das mit seinen Antennen Hill Pittman kümmern. Die Anstrengung und Computern bei dieser ist so groß, daß er zweimal in den Schnee Expedition einer Konzern- kniet, um sich zu erbrechen. zentrale gleicht. Um elf Uhr gelangt eine Vorhut auf Sherpas wie der 23 Jahre den Südgipfel des Everest, der 100 Meter alte Lobsang Jangbu beglei- niedriger als der höchste Punkt des Ber- ten die nichtprofessionellen ges ist. Der Trupp besteht aus den „junior Kletterer wie wuselige Hir- guides“ von Mountain Madness, den tenhunde, die aufpassen, Bergführern Neal Beidleman aus Aspen daß keiner über die Grat- (Colorado) und Anatolij Bukrejew, einem schneide ins Leere tritt. Russen, der schon elfmal die 8000-Me- Lobsang ist Sandy Hill Pitt- ter-Marke überschritten hat. Bei ihnen ist man zugeteilt, die er an ein Himalaja-Novize, der Journalist Jon heiklen Stellen wie einen Krakauer, ein Kunde von Hall. S. FISCHER Sack Schrauben hinauf- Nach den Ausländern kommen Ang Führer Fischer, Kundin Hill Pittman* stemmt. Dorje und der Sherpa Nawang Norbu. Sie Spritze im Zahnbürstenbehälter Weathers hat das Camp nehmen die Sauerstoffmasken ab, trinken am 7900 Meter hohen Süd- Tee aus einer Thermosflasche und rau- schwindet die Südwestwand des Everest sattel beinahe erblindet ver- chen Zigaretten. Lobsang Jangbu ist wie- 3000 Meter tief ins Tal des Schweigens, lassen. Nach einer Augen- der nicht nachgestiegen. Ang Dorje wei- ein Gletscherbecken im Zentrum des operation, die seine Kurz- gert sich deshalb, Sicherungsseile am Bergmassivs. sichtigkeit korrigieren soll- Gipfelgrat und an der Schlüsselstelle an- Oft ist es für die Fremdlinge hier oben te, quoll in der dünnen zubringen, dem Steilaufschwung des Hil- gutgegangen, doch diesmal entfaltet sich Höhenluft die Hornhaut lary-Step, benannt nach Edmund Hillary, wie in Zeitlupe die bisher schlimmste auf. Doch unverdrossen 1953 Erstbesteiger des Mount Everest. Katastrophe, die es am Mount Everest folgt der Texaner den Fuß- Bukrejew und Beidleman müssen die Ar- gegeben hat. N. GILLETTE / ADVENTURE PHOTO stapfen der Vordermänner, beit erledigen. Fünf Expeditionsmitglieder, unter ih- obwohl er nur noch Sche- Das Gehen auf dem Gipfelgrat ähnelt nen die Chefbergführer selbst, werden in men sieht. Er glaubt, daß mit dem Son- dem Balanceakt von Trapezartisten in der den nächsten Stunden erfrieren, abstürzen nenaufgang seine Sehkraft zurückkehrt. Zirkuskuppel. Auf der rechten Seite fällt oder am gefürchteten Höhenhirnödem er- Einem Teil der Höhenkraxler wird es die sogenannte Kangchung-Flanke 4000 kranken, das aus smarten Menschen irra- unheimlich. Der mächtige Gipfelaufbau Meter tief nach Tibet ab. Links ent- tionale Zombies macht. Zwei Männer, der des Mount Everest kommt ihnen wie ein Hall-Bergführer Andy Harris düsteres Gefängnis vor, aus dem es kein und der Hall-Kunde Doug Han- Entrinnen gibt: Stuart Hutchison, ein Tod beim Abstieg sen, ein Postangestellter aus Arzt aus Kanada, und drei weitere Hima- Verunglückte Mitglieder Renton im US-Staat Washing- laja-Laien geben auf. Sie steigen zum Hansen verschollen der Hall- und ton, werden in der Gipfelregion Südsattel ab, wo Sherpas in den Zelten Harris verschollen Fischer-Expedition spurlos verschwinden. Hall- umsichtig die Schlafsäcke ausrollen und Klientin Yasuko Namba, eine heiße Schokolade für die Sahibs an- Hall erfroren Büroleiterin aus Tokio, wird mit rühren. Mount Everest Fischer erfroren 47 Jahren zwar die älteste Frau, Die anderen aber stoßen weiter in die 8848m die den Mount Everest bestie- Südwest- Namba erfroren schroffe Welt der Todeszone vor, wo der Lhotse gen hat, doch auch sie wird in menschliche Organismus selbst im Ruhe- wand einem Höllensturm während Lager 4 8516m zustand abbaut. Es kommt zu ersten Lager 4 der darauffolgenden Nacht vom Mißverständnissen zwischen den Chef- Südsattel 7900m Eis mumifiziert. bergführern Rob Hall und Scott Fischer, Das Desaster hat in den Me- die sich am Mount Everest als geschäftli- dien Amerikas eine Lawine von che Widersacher entpuppen. Lager 3 Artikeln ausgelöst. Helden wer- Fischer ist Gründer des Höhentouri- den vorgestellt, die andernorts stik-Unternehmens Mountain Madness wieder der Demontage anheim- in Seattle und leitet seine erste kommer- fallen. Vanity Fair beschrieb, zielle Tour am Everest. Der Neuseeländer wie Sandy Hill Pittmans Eve- Rob Hall dagegen ist ein Routinier, der Lager 2 TalTal desdes rest-Besessenheit ihre Ehe mit die Weltzacke schon viermal betreten und Schweigens dem Mitbegründer des Pop- bereits 17 Kunden auf der Gipfelplatt- Fernsehkanals MTV zerstörte. form von der Größe eines Konferenz- Die Gesellschaftsdame, die am tischs plaziert hat. Aber Hall steht unter Berg um ihr Leben gefleht hat- Druck, weil es ihm 1995 nicht gelungen Lager 1 te, trumpfte in Vogue auf: „Lie- war, auch nur einen Klienten auf den Gipfel zu führen. * Im Basislager auf 5450 Meter Höhe. DER SPIEGEL 37/1996 125 GESELLSCHAFT Wenig später, am Süd- berichtete später, Fischer habe einen gipfel, bat der Reporter Hubschrauber verlangt – kein Helikopter um eine der Flaschen, kann auch nur annähernd diese Höhe er- die Sherpas in einem reichen. Dann habe er trotz des Sturms Schneeloch für die zah- die Jacke geöffnet, einen Handschuh aus- lende Kundschaft depo- gezogen und die Sauerstoffmaske abge- niert hatten. Nun be- setzt. Die Erklärung: Fischer empfand hauptete der Führer, die Hitze, weil sich die Blutgefäße beim Er- Sauerstoffflaschen seien frierungstod zusammenpressen. leer. In Wahrheit aber Der nächste Teil des Abstiegs glich ei- zeigten die Druckmesser ner Achterbahnfahrt mit immer rasende- an, daß die Zylinder ren Loopings. Beidleman und Groom randvoll mit dem Atem- gelang es, ein halbes Dutzend Schutzbe- gas gefüllt waren. Harris fohlene am Rand des Südsattels zu ver- wollte das nicht glau- sammeln. Der Himmel hatte sich von ben, obwohl mit dem Blaugrau in Schwarz verwandelt und nun Hall-Bergführer Michael einen Blizzard aufgepeitscht. Groom ein weiterer Ex- Die Leute seien „totally fucked-up“, perte zur Stelle war, der völlig durchgedreht, gewesen, erinnert die Leichtbehälter aus sich Beidleman. „Sie waren in Panik und Titan nachprüfte. wollten in alle Richtungen davonlaufen.“ Harris war höhen- Doch gleich neben dem jammervollen krank und Opfer eines Haufen dräute die Kangchung-Wand. zerebralen Ödems ge- Beidleman: „Ich hatte das Gefühl, buch- worden, bei dem sich stäblich am Rand der Welt zu stehen, eine Flüssigkeit im Gewebe große Leere tat sich vor mir auf – der Ab- des Gehirns staut – ein grund.“ lebensbedrohender Zu- Um 22 Uhr befahl er den Havaristen, stand, den Krakauer aber sich auf den Rucksäcken zusammenzu- nicht
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