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Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme Implementation of the Montevideo Programme III for the Period

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Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme Implementation of the Montevideo Programme III for the Period UNITED NATIONS EP UNEP /GC.23/INF/10 Distr.: General Governing Council 21 December 2004 of the United Nations English only Environment Programme Twenty-third session of the Governing Council/ Global Ministerial Environment Forum Nairobi, 21–25 February 2005 Item 4 and 6 of the provisional agenda* Assessment, monitoring and early warning: state of the environment Follow-up to the World Summit on Sustainable Development: contribution of the United Nations Environment Programme to the forthcoming session of the Commission on Sustainable Development Implementation of the Montevideo Programme III for the period 2000–2005 Note by the Executive Director The annex to the present note comprises more detailed information relating to matters referred to in document UNEP/GC.23/3/Add.3 on the implementation of the Programme for the Development and Periodic Review of Environmental Law for the First Decade of the Twenty-first Century (Montevideo Programme III). The annex is being issued without formal editing. * UNEP/GC.23/1. K0473830 060105 For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies. 1 UNEP/GC.23/INF/10 Annex Contents Page Implementation of the Montevideo Programme III for the period 2000–2005 ...............................................1 Note by the Executive Director ...............................................................................................................................1 Mid-Term Review of the Montevideo Programme III........................................................................................4 Part I: Achievements, strategic perspectives and challenges..............................................................................4 I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….4 II. Major achievements .....................................................................................................................................4 A. Contribution to the development of international environmental legal instruments ...........4 B. Capacity-building at national level including information dissemination............................5 C. UNEP Global Judges Programme ...............................................................................................6 D. Strengthening and creation of partnerships................................................................................6 E. Compliance and enforcement .......................................................................................................6 III. Strategic approaches ....................................................................................................................................7 A. Partnerships and stakeholders......................................................................................................7 B. Multi- stakeholder participation...................................................................................................8 C. Regionalisation ...............................................................................................................................8 D. Link to the internationally agreed goals of the Millennium Declaration (MDGs), WSSD and other global priorities ..............................................................................8 E. Institutional arrangements within UNEP ....................................................................................9 1. Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) ......................................9 2. Division of Environmental Conventions (DEC).........................................................9 3. Division of Early Warning and Assessment, Partnership Management Unit ........9 4. Division of Technology, Industry and Economics .....................................................9 5. Division of Communications and Public Information .............................................10 IV. Environmental law activities: institutional structure............................................................................10 Part II: Programme report .......................................................................................................................................11 V. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...11 VI. Report on the Montevideo Programme III programme areas – effectiveness of environmental law ..................................................................................................................................11 A. Implementation, compliance and enforcement ........................................................................11 B. Capacity-building.........................................................................................................................17 C. Prevention and Mitigation of Environmental Damage ..........................................................28 D. Avoidance and settlement of international environmental disputes ....................................29 E. Strengthening and development of international environmental law ..................................30 F. Harmonization and coordination................................................................................................32 G. Public participation and access to information........................................................................34 H. Information technology ...............................................................................................................36 I. Innovative approaches to environmental law ..........................................................................38 J. Freshwater resources ....................................................................................................................39 K. Coastal and marine ecosystems ..................................................................................................42 L. Soils……………………………………………………………………………………..43 M. Forests…………………………………………………………………………………..44 N. Biological diversity......................................................................................................................47 O. Pollution prevention and control................................................................................................50 P. Production and consumption patterns .......................................................................................53 Q. Environmental emergencies and natural disasters..................................................................54 R. Trade…………………………………………………………………………………….55 S. Security and the environment.....................................................................................................58 T. Military activities and the environment ....................................................................................58 2 UNEP/GC.23/INF/10 Part III:Regional implementation..........................................................................................................................60 VI. Implementation...........................................................................................................................................60 A. Africa……………………………………………………………………………………60 B. Asia and the Pacific......................................................................................................................63 C. Europe…………………………………………………………………………………..72 D. West Asia.......................................................................................................................................77 E. Latin America and the Caribbean ..............................................................................................79 Part IV: Areas of focus for the future .................................................................................................................101 VIII. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……101 IX. Legal aspects of environmental problems that merit special attention ...........................................101 A. Freshwater Resources (MPIII, area 10) ..................................................................................101 B. Strengthening and Development of International Environmental Law (MPIII, area 5).102 C. Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (MPIII, area 11) ................................................................104 D. Trade and Environment (MPIII, area 18) ...............................................................................105 E. Implementation, Compliance, and Enforcement (MPIII, area 1)......................................107 F. Alignment of MPIII to achieve MDGs...................................................................................109 G. Implementation of Johannesburg Principles for capacity building of judges and other legal stakeholders....................................................................................................110 H. Strengthening governance, rule of law and effective implementation of environmental law .....................................................................................................................110 I. Focus on Francophone, Arab and Lusophone countries ......................................................110 J. Focus on national and local level capacity building.............................................................111 K. Strengthening environmental law education at university level.........................................111 L. Develop indicators for measuring impact of capacity building and
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