Daylight Saving Time/Standard Time Legislative Update 2021
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Daylight Saving Time
Daylight Saving Time Beth Cook Information Research Specialist March 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44411 Daylight Saving Time Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST is currently observed in the United States from 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday in March until 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in November. The following states and territories do not observe DST: Arizona (except the Navajo Nation, which does observe DST), Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Congressional Research Service Daylight Saving Time Contents When and Why Was Daylight Saving Time Enacted? .................................................................... 1 Has the Law Been Amended Since Inception? ................................................................................ 2 Which States and Territories Do Bot Observe DST? ...................................................................... 2 What Other Countries Observe DST? ............................................................................................. 2 Which Federal Agency Regulates DST in the United States? ......................................................... 3 How Does an Area Move on or off DST? ....................................................................................... 3 How Can States and Territories Change an Area’s Time Zone? ..................................................... -
Daylight Saving Time (DST)
Daylight Saving Time (DST) Updated September 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45208 Daylight Saving Time (DST) Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. The beginning and ending dates are set in statute. Congressional interest in the potential benefits and costs of DST has resulted in changes to DST observance since it was first adopted in the United States in 1918. The United States established standard time zones and DST through the Calder Act, also known as the Standard Time Act of 1918. The issue of consistency in time observance was further clarified by the Uniform Time Act of 1966. These laws as amended allow a state to exempt itself—or parts of the state that lie within a different time zone—from DST observance. These laws as amended also authorize the Department of Transportation (DOT) to regulate standard time zone boundaries and DST. The time period for DST was changed most recently in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58). Congress has required several agencies to study the effects of changes in DST observance. In 1974, DOT reported that the potential benefits to energy conservation, traffic safety, and reductions in violent crime were minimal. In 2008, the Department of Energy assessed the effects to national energy consumption of extending DST as changed in EPACT 2005 and found a reduction in total primary energy consumption of 0.02%. -
Standard Time Zones
APPENDIX B Standard Time Zones Table B-1 lists all the standard time zones that you can configure on an MDE and the offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for each standard time zone. The offset (ahead or behind) UTC in hours, as displayed in Table B-1, is in effect during winter time. During summer time or daylight saving time, the offset may be different from the values in the table and are calculated and displayed accordingly by the system clock. Note The time zone entry is case sensitive and must be specified in the exact notation listed in the following time zone table. When you use a time zone entry from the following time zone table, the system is automatically adjusted for daylight saving time. Table B-1 List of Standard Time Zones and Offsets from UTC Time Zone Offset from UTC Africa/Abidjan 0 Africa/Accra 0 Africa/Addis_Ababa +3 Africa/Algiers +1 Africa/Asmera +3 Africa/Bamako 0 Africa/Bangui +1 Africa/Banjul 0 Africa/Bissau 0 Africa/Blantyre +2 Africa/Brazzaville +1 Africa/Bujumbura +2 Africa/Cairo +2 Africa/Casablanca 0 Africa/Ceuta +1 Africa/Conakry 0 Africa/Dakar 0 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam +3 B-1 Appendix B Standard Time Zones Table B-1 List of Standard Time Zones and Offsets from UTC (continued) Time Zone Offset from UTC Africa/Djibouti +3 Africa/Douala +3 Africa/El_Aaiun +1 Africa/Freetown 0 Africa/Gaborone +2 Africa/Harare +2 Africa/Johannesburg +2 Africa/Kampala +3 Africa/Khartoum +3 Africa/Kigali +2 Africa/Kinshasa +1 Africa/Lagos +1 Africa/Libreville +1 Africa/Lome 0 Africa/Luanda +1 Africa/Lubumbashi +2 Africa/Lusaka -
Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A
122 Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A. Lombardi I occasionally talk to people who can’t believe that some radio stations exist solely to transmit accurate time. While they wouldn’t poke fun at the Weather Channel or even a radio station that plays nothing but Garth Brooks records (imagine that), people often make jokes about time signal stations. They’ll ask “Doesn’t the programming get a little boring?” or “How does the announcer stay awake?” There have even been parodies of time signal stations. A recent Internet spoof of WWV contained zingers like “we’ll be back with the time on WWV in just a minute, but first, here’s another minute”. An episode of the animated Power Puff Girls joined in the fun with a skit featuring a TV announcer named Sonny Dial who does promos for upcoming time announcements -- “Welcome to the Time Channel where we give you up-to- the-minute time, twenty-four hours a day. Up next, the current time!” Of course, after the laughter dies down, we all realize the importance of keeping accurate time. We live in the era of Internet FAQs [frequently asked questions], but the most frequently asked question in the real world is still “What time is it?” You might be surprised to learn that time signal stations have been answering this question for more than 100 years, making the transmission of time one of radio’s first applications, and still one of the most important. Today, you can buy inexpensive radio controlled clocks that never need to be set, and some of us wear them on our wrists. -
STANDARD FREQUENCIES and TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec
Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 1 SYSTEMS FOR DISSEMINATION AND COMPARISON RECOMMENDATION ITU-R TF.768-2 STANDARD FREQUENCIES AND TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) the continuing need in all parts of the world for readily available standard frequency and time reference signals that are internationally coordinated; b) the advantages offered by radio broadcasts of standard time and frequency signals in terms of wide coverage, ease and reliability of reception, achievable level of accuracy as received, and the wide availability of relatively inexpensive receiving equipment; c) that Article 33 of the Radio Regulations (RR) is considering the coordination of the establishment and operation of services of standard-frequency and time-signal dissemination on a worldwide basis; d) that a number of stations are now regularly emitting standard frequencies and time signals in the bands allocated by this Conference and that additional stations provide similar services using other frequency bands; e) that these services operate in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R TF.460 which establishes the internationally coordinated UTC time system; f) that other broadcasts exist which, although designed primarily for other functions such as navigation or communications, emit highly stabilized carrier frequencies and/or precise time signals that can be very useful in time and frequency applications, recommends 1 that, for applications requiring stable and accurate time and frequency reference signals that are traceable to the internationally coordinated UTC system, serious consideration be given to the use of one or more of the broadcast services listed and described in Annex 1; 2 that administrations responsible for the various broadcast services included in Annex 2 make every effort to update the information given whenever changes occur. -
SUNDIALS \0> E O> Contents Page
REG: HER DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Letter 1 1-3 BUREAU OF STANDARDS Circular WASHINGTON LC 3^7 (October Jl., 1932) Prepared by R. E. Gould, Chief, Time Section ^ . fA SUNDIALS \0> e o> Contents Page I. Introduction „ 2 II. Corrections to be applied 2 1. Equation of time 3 III. Construction 4 1. Materials and foundation 4 2. Graphical construction for a horizontal sundial 4 3. Gnomon . 5 4. Mathematical construction ........ 6 5,. Illustrations Fig. 1. Layout of a dial 7 Fig. 2. Suggested forms g IV. Setting up the dial 9 V. Mottoes q VI. Bibliography -10 . , 2 I. Introduction One of the earliest methods of determining time was by observing the position of the shadow cast by an object placed in the sunshine. As the day advances the shadow changes and its position at any instant gives an indication of the time. The relative length of the shadow at midday can also be used to indicate the season of the year. It is thought that one of the purposes of the great pyramids of Egypt was to indicate the time of day and the progress of the seasons. Although the origin of the sundial is very obscure, it is known to have been used in very early times in ancient Babylonia. One of the earliest recorded is the Dial of Ahaz 0th Century, B. C. mentioned in the Bible, II Kings XX: 0-11. , The Greeks used sundials in the 4th Century B. C. and one was set up in Rome in 233 B. C. Today sundials are used largely for decorative purposes in gardens or on lawns, and many inquiries have reached the Bureau of Standards regarding the construction and erection of such dials. -
Special Commission on Commonwealth's Time Zone Report
Report of the Special Commission on the Commonwealth’s Time Zone November 1, 2017 1 Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................3 Purpose of the Commission .......................................................................................6 Structure of the Commission .....................................................................................6 Background ................................................................................................................8 Findings ....................................................................................................................12 Economic Development: Commerce and Trade ...................................................12 Labor and Workforce ............................................................................................14 Public Health .........................................................................................................15 Energy ...................................................................................................................16 Crime and Criminal Justice...................................................................................18 Transportation .......................................................................................................19 Broadcasting .........................................................................................................20 Education and School Start-Times .......................................................................21 -
Atomix Atomic Clock 00562 Instructions
Atomix Atomic Clock Model 00562 About the Atomic Clock The National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) in Fort Collins, Colorado broadcasts the time signal (WWVB at 60 kHz AM radio signal) with an accuracy of 1 second per every 3,000 years. The signal is able to cover a distance of up to 2,000 miles from the source. Like a typical AM radio, your atomic clock will not be able to receive the WWVB signal in places surrounded by heavy concrete or metal panels. The reception of the time signal is also greatly affected by electrical or electronic interference. To get the best performance from the atomic clock, install the clock nearer to a window facing west. Battery Installation and Set Up Remove the battery cover and insert 2 “AA” alkaline batteries according to the direction shown inside the battery compartment. Once the batteries are installed the display will show all segments of the LCD display for 3 seconds and will beep once. Then the display will show 12:00pm Jan 1, 2000 together with room temperature. The Time Zone is defaulted at PST – Pacific Standard Time. Select the correct Timer Zone 1. Press the ZONE / DST button to select PST, MST, CST or EST. 2. Once a time zone is selected, your Atomix clock will start searching for the time signal. 3. While your Atomix clock is seeking the signal, the signal strength icon will change gradually indicating the search is continuing. 4. If the signal is available, your Atomix clock will display the local time in about 3-5 minutes. -
TIME 1. Introduction 2. Time Scales
TIME 1. Introduction The TCS requires access to time in various forms and accuracies. This document briefly explains the various time scale, illustrate the mean to obtain the time, and discusses the TCS implementation. 2. Time scales International Atomic Time (TIA) is a man-made, laboratory timescale. Its units the SI seconds which is based on the frequency of the cesium-133 atom. TAI is the International Atomic Time scale, a statistical timescale based on a large number of atomic clocks. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) – UTC is the basis of civil timekeeping. The UTC uses the SI second, which is an atomic time, as it fundamental unit. The UTC is kept in time with the Earth rotation. However, the rate of the Earth rotation is not uniform (with respect to atomic time). To compensate a leap second is added usually at the end of June or December about every 18 months. Also the earth is divided in to standard-time zones, and UTC differs by an integral number of hours between time zones (parts of Canada and Australia differ by n+0.5 hours). You local time is UTC adjusted by your timezone offset. Universal Time (UT1) – Universal time or, more specifically UT1, is counted from 0 hours at midnight, with unit of duration the mean solar day, defined to be as uniform as possible despite variations in the rotation of the Earth. It is observed as the diurnal motion of stars or extraterrestrial radio sources. It is continuous (no leap second), but has a variable rate due the Earth’s non-uniform rotational period. -
Call Centers in Missouri 2
Call Centers in Missouri 2 Call Centers in Missouri Missouri’s central location and easy to understand accent gives companies the talent and the workday flexibility to provide call center support nationwide. Call centers in Missouri are able to provide excellent customer service while simultaneously keeping costs low. With a diverse economy, large workforce and metro areas throughout the state, Missouri has the ability to support any business from back-office opera- tions to traditional customer service centers. The state also boasts a number of micropolitan areas with lower saturation rates and competitive wages for call centers. When it comes to call centers, Missouri has a spot for just about everybody. 3 Missouri’s Call Centers Missouri's top call centers by employment 1 2 3 Call center 4 5 6 7 8 ¤£71 ¤£136 !( Maryville !( Kirksville ¤£61 ¤£63 ¤£169 9 10 (!!( (!(!(!(! St. Joseph ¤£36 !( (! ¨¦§(!72 ¤£59 ¨¦§35 ¨¦§29 24 !( ¤£ Moberly !( ¤£54 (!(!(! ¤£69 (!5 6(! (! (!(!(!(!!( ! Kansas City (!!((!(!( !( Marshall Mexico 10(!(!(!(!(!5 (! 70 ¤£40 !( (!(! (!(! ¨¦§ (! (! Columbia 2(! (!(! !(! !( (!(!(! (!(!(!(!((! (! (!(!(!(!(!(!(!!(4 St. Louis Warrensburg !( (!(! (!(!(!(!(!(!(! Sedalia (!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!((!(!(!(!(! (!(!(!!( (! (! 1 (!(!(!(!(!(!(! 5 (! (! (!(!(! ¤£50 (! ¤£65 (! (! ¨¦§49 (! ¨¦§44 !( Fort Leonard Wood !( Farmington (! !((! Lebanon ¨¦§55 ¤£67 ¤£160 (!!( 3 5 7 (! Cape Girardeau (! (!(!(!!( 5 (! 8(!(!(!!(!(!(!9 Springfield (!(!!( (! (!(! (!(!5 Joplin ¤£60 !( Sikeston¤£62 ¨¦§57 (! !( West Plains !( Poplar Bluff (!(! ¤£160 !( Kennett 4 Top Call Center Employers in Missouri Many industries seeing growth in call centers and back office operations are already big in Missouri including professional services, financial services and health innovation. 5 6 Recent Projects AT&T (Various Locations), announced plans to hire One Call Care Management (Springfield), selected 150 call center workers in Cape Girardeau and 100 the Springfield Region to expand its operations. -
Nickname of Minnesota: North Star State, Gopher State, Land of 10000 Lakes Geography of Minnesota
GENERAL INFORMATION: Nickname of Minnesota: North Star State, Gopher State, Land of 10,000 lakes Geography of Minnesota: Minnesota is the most northerly of all the states (reaching lat. 49°23'55"N), except for Alaska. Saint Paul, the capital, and its larger twin, Minneapolis, are the two largest cities. Winter locks the land in snow, spring is beautiful but brief, summers are warm and autumn brings brilliant colors to our trees and hillsides. Prehistoric glaciers left marshes, boulder-strewn hills, and rich, gray drift soil stretching from the northern pine wilderness to the broad southern prairies. In the vast pine forest of northern Minnesota, is the beginning of the great river known to the world as the Mighty Mississippi. The state has more than 11,000 lakes and numerous streams and rivers. The beauty of Minnesota's lakes and dense green forests, as seen in Voyageurs National Park, has long attracted vacationers, and there is excellent fishing in the state's many rivers, lakes, and streams. Also of interest to tourists are the Grand Portage and Pipestone National monuments, Itasca State Park (at the headwaters of the Mississippi), and the world's largest open-pit iron mine at Hibbing. The Host City, Minneapolis: Minneapolis is a world-class city, with fabulous shopping, dining and entertainment. The music and theater scene is top-notch, with everything from Broadway shows to local and national bands. Tony Award-winners Theatre de la Jeune Lune, The Children’s Theatre Company and the Guthrie Theater all call Minneapolis home, as well as three historic theatres that make up the Hennepin Theatre District. -
All Times Are Eastern Time Zone (New York, United States)
All times are Eastern Time Zone (New York, United States) Time (ET) Lecture Title/Event Summary Planned Speaker Day 1: Overview and International Perspectives: Clinical Experience (Wednesday, September 22, 2021) Session Co-Chairs: Matthias Baumgartner, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, Gerard Berry, Boston Children’s Hospital, United States, & Cynthia Le Mons, National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation, Pasadena, United States 1100-1110 Welcome Andrea Gropman and Cynthia Le Mons, Symposium Co-Chairs 1110-1120 Session Introduction Gerard Berry, Session Scientific Program Chair 1120-1135 Overview of UCD and Australian Experience Bridget Wilcken, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia 1135-1150 Overview if UCD in Japan Fumio Endo, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan 1150-1205 Overview of UCD in Middle East Overviews and perspectives on the UCD Sarar Mohamed, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia clinical experience and recent research from 1205-1220 The Challenge of Elucidating/Understanding Stefan Kölker, University Children’s, Heidelberg, Germany around the globe. Phenotypic Diversity 1220-1235 Overview of UCD in South America Soledad Kleppe, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina 1235-1250 UCDC – Knowledge Gaps and Unknowns Susan A. Berry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States 1250-1330 Discussion Panel Open discussions with all speakers Moderators: Gerard Berry & Matthias Baumgartner 1330-1430 Poster Session Juniorfrom session Investigator/trainees present their Lead: Sandesh