DOCSLIB.ORG

Metabolic Homeostasis in Prolonged Tropical Hibernation in Tenrecs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metabolic Homeostasis in Prolonged Tropical Hibernation in Tenrecs Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on October 26, 2014 Mammal survival at the Cretaceous−Palaeogene boundary: metabolic homeostasis in prolonged tropical hibernation in tenrecs Barry G. Lovegrove, Kerileigh D. Lobban and Danielle L. Levesque Proc. R. Soc. B 2014 281, 20141304, published 22 October 2014 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2014/10/21/rspb.2014.1304.DC1.h tml References This article cites 51 articles, 13 of which can be accessed free http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1796/20141304.full.html#ref-list-1 Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections ecology (1791 articles) evolution (1927 articles) physiology (146 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Proc. R. Soc. B go to: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on October 26, 2014 Mammal survival at the Cretaceous– Palaeogene boundary: metabolic homeostasis in prolonged tropical hibernation in tenrecs rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Barry G. Lovegrove, Kerileigh D. Lobban and Danielle L. Levesque† School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa Research DLL, 0000-0003-0132-8094 Cite this article: Lovegrove BG, Lobban KD, Free-ranging common tenrecs, Tenrec ecaudatus, from sub-tropical Madagas- car, displayed long-term (nine months) hibernation which lacked any Levesque DL. 2014 Mammal survival at the evidence of periodic interbout arousals (IBAs). IBAs are the dominant fea- Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary: metabolic ture of the mammalian hibernation phenotype and are thought to homeostasis in prolonged tropical hibernation periodically restore long-term ischaemia damage and/or metabolic imbal- in tenrecs. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141304. ances (depletions and accumulations). However, the lack of IBAs in http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1304 tenrecs suggests no such pathology at hibernation Tbs . 228C. The long period of tropical hibernation that we report might explain how the ancestral placental mammal survived the global devastation that drove the dinosaurs and many other vertebrates to extinction at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene Received: 29 May 2014 boundary following a meteorite impact. The genetics and biochemistry of IBAs are of immense interest to biomedical researchers and space explora- Accepted: 22 September 2014 tion scientists, in the latter case, those envisioning a hibernating state in astronauts for deep space travel. Unravelling the physiological thresholds and temperature dependence of IBAs will provide new impetus to these research quests. Subject Areas: evolution, physiology, ecology Keywords: 1. Introduction mammals, hibernation, Cretaceous– At the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary about 65.5 million years ago Palaeogene boundary, Madagascar, Tenrec (Ma) the ancestor of the placental mammals (Eutheria) survived the meteorite impact at Chicxulub, Mexico [1], which killed the non-avian dinosaurs and ecaudatus many other animals and plants [2–4]. A small (6–245 g), insectivorous ancestor inherited a tropical Earth, along with a few egg-laying mammals (Montremata), some marsupials (Metatheria) and a few lineages (e.g. Multitu- Author for correspondence: berculata) which went extinct during the Cenozoic [2]. Ecological release Barry G. Lovegrove from the vice grip which the dinosaurs held over Mesozoic mammals drove remarkably rapid evolutionary processes within several hundred thousand e-mail: [email protected] years of the extinction event [2]. Four new placental lineages (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires) [2] appeared very suddenly, harbouring forms that displayed spectacular new morphological and physio- logical characteristics [5–8]. The long ca. 160 Myr stint of the nocturnal, small, insectivorous mammal was over, and gave way to the age of the mam- †Present address: Institute of Biodiversity and mals, the Cenozoic. Yet, no placental mammal would exist today had this ancestor not survived the global short- and long-term effects of the Chicxulub Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia impact [3,4] and an Indian Ocean meteorite impact 40 000 years later [9]. How Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, did this placental ancestor, as well as the monotremes and the marsupials, Malaysia. survive when so many other vertebrate groups did not? There is growing debate about whether the ballistic impact ejecta that Electronic supplementary material is available re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere following the Chicxulub impact could have at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1304 or generated an initial infrared heat pulse sufficient to ignite wildfires globally [10–15]. If global wildfires did occur, they would undoubtedly have been via http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org. responsible for the extermination of all mammals that could not seek safe refuge from the short- and long-term effects of the fires. Indeed, it is the & 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on October 26, 2014 differential survival of vertebrates following the impact sub-adults of undetermined sex (312–467 g). All animals were 2 which currently provides one avenue of support for the wild- caught by hand, by walking the established trails in the area at rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org fires notion [3,11]. No large-sized, non-marine reptile, bird or night with local guides. Individuals were located, captured and mammal, that is, a vertebrate too large to seek refuge under- transported back to the research camp where they were housed ground, in tree cavities or underwater, survived the K-Pg in plastic containers lined with paper towels and provided with live insects and tinned sardines. Fifteen animals were surgi- boundary extinction event [3]. The predominant hypothesis cally implanted with a combination of radio transmitter and is that small mammals survived both the short- and long- body temperature data logger (see ‘Procedures’), and released term effects of the impact by hibernating in a safe refuge, back into the wild within several days of capture. Animals that typically, underground [3,16]. were not implanted were either small males (184–374 g) or It has been estimated that the long-term effects of the were individuals in poor condition heavily infected with internal impact lasted for a year or more [3,4]. However, in extant tro- parasites. The fate of the implanted and released tenrecs varied; pical placental mammals there is no known hibernation three were killed by feral dogs, two by unknown natural preda- Proc. R. Soc. B phenotype that would allow such long periods of hiber- tors, three by Malagasy boas (figure 1), three disappeared from nation. Long-term hibernation (more than six months) is the study area either through poaching or natural movement, typically associated with mammals which inhabit temperate, one hibernated for eight months in the same site, emerged and high-latitude and/or high-altitude, highly seasonal cold then left the study area, and three were excavated from their hibernacula after nine months of austral winter hibernation 281 environments [17]. For example, year-long hibernation has (see ‘Results’). These data confirm the high rates of mortality : 20141304 been reported in captive mountain pygmy possums (a at Ankarafantsika by feral dogs, snakes, natural predators and marsupial) [18]. Cold environments appeared in the Late poachers [35], as reported also for greater hedgehog tenrecs, Cenozoic only, and certainly did not exist at the K-Pg Setifer setosus [24]. boundary [19,20]. Indeed, until relatively recent reports of hibernation in Malagasy primates [21,22] and tenrecs [23,24], and in the echidna (a monotreme) from semi-tropical (b) Study site Queensland, Australia, [25,26], it was thought that hiber- The study was conducted over two rainy seasons, from Novem- nation was a physiological capacity limited to high latitude, ber 2009 to November 2011 in the Jardin Botanique A research area adjacent to the Ampijoroa Forestry Station in Ankarafantiska temperate mammals only [17]. National Park (168190 S, 468480 E), Madagascar. The study site has In this study, we report a plesiomorphic (ancestral) been described by Levesque et al. [37]. Detailed ambient tempera- capacity for long-term hibernation that exists in an extant, phy- ture (Ta) data were recorded at various locations throughout the logenetically basal, tropical placental mammal, the common study site using DS1922L Thermochron iButtons (Dallas Semicon- tenrec, Tenrec ecaudatus. The Tenrecidae belong to the superor- ductor, Dallas, TX, USA) programmed to record once every der Afrotheria, which includes elephants, dugongs and 30 min at a resolution of 0.06258C. DS1922L iButtons are inexpen- manatees, hyraxes, golden moles, elephant-shrews (sengis) sive data loggers that measure and record temperature at user- and the aardvark [27]. The tenrecs colonized Madagascar defined rates which are being used increasingly in physiological from Africa ca. 47 Ma and underwent spectacular adaptive and ecological research [38]. iButtons are encased in a stainless radiation on the island thereafter [28]. We measured the core steel cap and communicate with a host computing device through a serial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Structure of the Ovaries of the Nimba Otter Shrew, Micropotamogale Lamottei , and the Madagascar Hedgehog Tenrec, Echinops Telfairi
    Original Paper Cells Tissues Organs 2005;179:179–191 Accepted after revision: March 7, 2005 DOI: 10.1159/000085953 Structure of the Ovaries of the Nimba Otter Shrew, Micropotamogale lamottei , and the Madagascar Hedgehog Tenrec, Echinops telfairi a b c d A.C. Enders A.M. Carter H. Künzle P. Vogel a Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Calif. , USA; b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense , Denmark; c d Department of Anatomy, University of Munich, München , Germany, and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne , Switzerland Key Words es between the more peripheral granulosa cells. It is sug- Corpora lutea Non-antral follicles Ovarian gested that this fl uid could aid in separation of the cu- lobulation Afrotheria mulus from the remaining granulosa at ovulation. The protruding follicles in lobules and absence of a tunica albuginea might also facilitate ovulation of non-antral Abstract follicles. Ovaries with a thin-absent tunica albuginea and The otter shrews are members of the subfamily Potamo- follicles with small-absent antra are widespread within galinae within the family Tenrecidae. No description of both the Eulipotyphla and in the Afrosoricida, suggest- the ovaries of any member of this subfamily has been ing that such features may represent a primitive condi- published previously. The lesser hedgehog tenrec, Echi- tion in ovarian development. Lobulated and deeply nops telfairi, is a member of the subfamily Tenrecinae of crypted ovaries are found in both groups but are not as the same family and, although its ovaries have not been common in the Eulipotyphla making inclusion of this fea- described, other members of this subfamily have been ture as primitive more speculative.
    [Show full text]
  • Amblysomus Robustus – Robust Golden Mole
    Amblysomus robustus – Robust Golden Mole continuing decline and possible severe fragmentation of habitat. Currently known from only five locations but probably more widespread. Further field surveys and molecular data are needed to accurately delimit its range. The Highveld grasslands favoured by this species are being degraded by mining for shallow coal deposits to fuel numerous power stations that occur in the preferred high-altitude grassland habitats of this species, which is an inferred major threat. Rehabilitation attempts at these sites appear to have been largely ineffective. These power stations form the backbone of South Africa's electricity network, and disturbance is likely to increase as human populations grow and the demand for power increases. While no mining sites and power generation plants occur at the five localities where this species has been collected, an environmental authorisation application to mine coal at a site near Belfast, close to where this species occurs, is Gary Bronner currently being assessed. Given the ubiquity of mines and power stations in the Mpumalanga grasslands, impacts on this species are likely if it is more widespread than current Regional Red List status (2016) Vulnerable B1ab(iii)* records indicate, which seems probable. Farming, tourism National Red List status (2004) Endangered resort developments and agro-forestry (exotic pine and B1,2ab(i-iv) eucalyptus plantations) have also transformed habitat, but less dramatically; these do not appear to pose a major Reasons for change Non-genuine: threat. More data is required on the distribution limits, New information ecology, densities and reproduction of this species. Global Red List status (2015) Vulnerable B1ab(iii) TOPS listing (NEMBA) None Distribution CITES listing None Endemic to South Africa, this species is known from only the Steenkampsberg Mountain Plateau and in the Endemic Yes Dullstroom and Belfast areas of Mpumalanga (Figure 1), extending eastwards to Lydenburg and possibly *Watch-list Data southwards towards the Ermelo district where A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Adapted Ears of Big Cats and Golden Moles: Exotic Outcomes of the Evolutionary Radiation of Mammals
    FEATURED ARTICLE The Adapted Ears of Big Cats and Golden Moles: Exotic Outcomes of the Evolutionary Radiation of Mammals Edward J. Walsh and JoAnn McGee Through the process of natural selection, diverse organs and organ systems abound throughout the animal kingdom. In light of such abundant and assorted diversity, evolutionary adaptations have spawned a host of peculiar physiologies. The anatomical oddities that underlie these physiologies and behaviors are the telltale indicators of trait specialization. Following from this, the purpose of this article is to consider a number of auditory “inventions” brought about through natural selection in two phylogenetically distinct groups of mammals, the largely fossorial golden moles (Order Afrosoricida, Family Chrysochloridae) and the carnivorous felids of the genus Panthera along with its taxonomic neigh- bor, the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). In the Beginning The first vertebrate land invasion occurred during the Early Carboniferous period some 370 million years ago. The primitive but essential scaffolding of what would become the middle and inner ears of mammals was present at this time, although the evolution of the osseous (bony) middle ear system and the optimization of cochlear fea- tures and function would play out over the following 100 million years. Through natural selection, the evolution of the middle ear system, composed of three small articu- lated bones, the malleus, incus, and stapes, and a highly structured and coiled inner ear, came to represent all marsupial and placental (therian) mammals on the planet Figure 1. Schematics of the outer, middle, and inner ears (A) and thus far studied. The consequences of this evolution were the organ of Corti in cross section (B) of a placental mammal.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosomal Evolution in Tenrecs (Microgale and Oryzorictes, Tenrecidae) from the Central Highlands of Madagascar
    Chromosome Research (2007) 15:1075–1091 # Springer 2007 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-007-1182-6 Chromosomal evolution in tenrecs (Microgale and Oryzorictes, Tenrecidae) from the Central Highlands of Madagascar C. Gilbert1, S. M. Goodman2,3, V. Soarimalala3,4, L. E. Olson5,P.C.M.O_Brien6, F. F. B. Elder7, F. Yang8, M. A. Ferguson-Smith6 & T. J. Robinson1* 1Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Tel: +27-21-8083955; Fax: +27-21-8082405; E-mail: [email protected]; 2Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, USA; 3Vahatra, BP 738, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar; 4De´partement de Biologie Animale, Universite´ d_Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar; 5University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; 6Centre for Veterinary Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 7Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; 8The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK *Correspondence Received 13 August 2007. Received in revised form and accepted for publication by Pat Heslop-Harrison 2 October 2007 Key words: Afrotheria, cytogenetics, evolution, speciation, Tenrecidae Abstract Tenrecs (Tenrecidae) are a widely diversified assemblage of small eutherian mammals that occur in Madagascar and Western and Central Africa. With the exception of a few early karyotypic descriptions based on conventional staining, nothing is known about the chromosomal evolution of this family. We present a detailed analysis of G-banded and molecularly defined chromosomes based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that allows a comprehensive comparison between the karyotypes of 11 species of two closely related Malagasy genera, Microgale (10 species) and Oryzorictes (one species), of the subfamily Oryzorictinae.
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWER KEY for the MAMMAL SEARCH and FIND
    ANSWER KEY: MAMMAL SEARCH AND FIND A) An animal you already know about B) An animal you have never heard of C) An animal whose name starts with the same letter as your name. (You may use the full species name, the general name, or the scientific name for example: Sloth Bear [Ursus ursinus] is okay for the letters S, B and U.) There are multiple answers for many letters, but here is one for each. A anteater B bongo C coati D dibatag E echidna F fanaloka G giraffe H hedgehog I Indian pangolin J jumping mouse K kultarr L llama M mongoose N numbat O okapi P panda Q quoll katytanis.com #AMisclassificationOfMammals © Katy Tanis 2018 ANSWER KEY: MAMMAL SEARCH AND FIND R raccoon S sloth T tamandua U Ursus ursinus (sloth bear) V vicuna W wildebeest X Xenarthran* Y yellow footed rock wallaby Z zorilla *this is a bit of a cheat Xenarthra is the superorder that include anteaters, tree sloths and armadillo. There were 6 in the show. D) 7 spotted animals African civet fanaloka quoll king cheetah common genet giraffe spotted cuscus E) 2 flying animals Chapin's free-tailed bat Bismarck masked flying fox F) 2 swimming animals Southern Right Whale Commerson's Dolphin katytanis.com #AMisclassificationOfMammals © Katy Tanis 2018 ANSWER KEY: MAMMAL SEARCH AND FIND katytanis.com #AMisclassificationOfMammals © Katy Tanis 2018 ANSWER KEY: MAMMAL SEARCH AND FIND G) 2 mammals that lay eggs short beaked echidna western long beaked echidna H) 2 animals that look similar to skunks and are also stinky long fingered trick Zorilla I) 1 animal that smells like buttered
    [Show full text]
  • Convergent Spectral Shifts to Blue-Green Vision in Mammals
    Convergent spectral shifts to blue-green vision in BRIEF REPORT mammals extends the known sensitivity of vertebrate M/LWS pigments Hai Chia,b, Yimeng Cuia, Stephen J. Rossiterc, and Yang Liub,d,1 aCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866 Shenyang, China; bCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, China; cSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom; and dKey Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866 Shenyang, China Edited by Jeremy Nathans, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved March 10, 2020 (received for review February 11, 2020) Daylight vision in most mammals is mediated predominantly by a respective spectral peaks (522 and 554 nm) were similar to values middle/long wavelength-sensitive (M/LWS) pigment. Although predicted by sequences (7). In contrast, the elephant-shrew’s spectral sensitivity and associated shifts in M/LWS are mainly de- pigment had a λmax of 490 nm, showing a wide discrepancy (32 termined by five critical sites, predicted phenotypic variation is nm) with the predicted value (7) (Fig. 1). The highly divergent rarely validated, and its ecological significance is unclear. We ex- elephant-shrew and gerbil appear to have both undergone dra- perimentally determine spectral tuning of M/LWS pigments and matic functionally convergent shifts (−60 and −20 nm) in M/L show that two highly divergent taxa, the gerbil and the elephant- opsin sensitivity toward blue-green light, extending the lowest shrew, have undergone independent dramatic blue-green shifts to known limits for vertebrates (4).
    [Show full text]
  • (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Black Crow, Namibia Martin PICKFORD
    Tiny Tenrecomorpha (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Black Crow, Namibia Martin PICKFORD Sorbonne Universités (CR2P, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC - Paris VI) 8, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France, (e-mail : [email protected]) Abstract: The 2019 campaign of acid treatment of Eocene freshwater limestone from Black Crow, Namibia, resulted in the recovery of a minuscule mandible of an insectivoran-grade mammal representing a new genus and species of Tenrecomorpha. The specimen is the smallest mammal described from the fossil record from Africa. From the incisor alveoli to the rear end of the angle, the jaw measures a mere 8.6 mm. The jaw is relatively complete, but has lost the incisors, canine and p/2. It shows several characters that link it to the suborder Tenrecomorpha. In some morphological features it recalls Tenrecidae, in others Potamogalidae. The new genus and species throws doubt on the homogeneity of the order Afroinsectiphilia, which in its turn renders doubtful the concept of Afrotheria as currently understood. Key words: Tenrec, Ypresian/Lutetian, Mandible, Namibia To cite this paper: Pickford, M. 2019. Tiny Tenrecomorpha (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Black Crow, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 21, 15-25. Introduction This paper is devoted to the description and Each year the Namibia Palaeontology interpretation of a minuscule mammalian Expedition has visited the locality to search for mandible from the middle Eocene limestones at blocks of limestone showing the presence of Black Crow, Namibia. The freshwater bones and teeth on their surfaces and these have limestone at Black Crow in the Sperrgebiet, been developed in the laboratory to extract the Namibia, first yielded vertebrate fossils a fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Diversity in Tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae)
    Morphological diversity in tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae): comparing tenrec skull diversity to their closest relatives Sive Finlay and Natalie Cooper School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ABSTRACT It is important to quantify patterns of morphological diversity to enhance our un- derstanding of variation in ecological and evolutionary traits. Here, we present a quantitative analysis of morphological diversity in a family of small mammals, the tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae). Tenrecs are often cited as an example of an ex- ceptionally morphologically diverse group. However, this assumption has not been tested quantitatively. We use geometric morphometric analyses of skull shape to test whether tenrecs are more morphologically diverse than their closest relatives, the golden moles (Afrosoricida, Chrysochloridae). Tenrecs occupy a wider range of ecological niches than golden moles so we predict that they will be more morpho- logically diverse. Contrary to our expectations, we find that tenrec skulls are only more morphologically diverse than golden moles when measured in lateral view. Furthermore, similarities among the species-rich Microgale tenrec genus appear to mask higher morphological diversity in the rest of the family. These results reveal new insights into the morphological diversity of tenrecs and highlight the impor- tance of using quantitative methods to test qualitative assumptions about patterns of morphological diversity. Submitted 29 January 2015 Subjects Evolutionary Studies, Zoology Accepted 13 April 2015 Keywords Golden moles, Geometric morphometrics, Disparity, Morphology Published 30 April 2015 Corresponding author Natalie Cooper, [email protected] INTRODUCTION Academic editor Analysing patterns of morphological diversity (the variation in physical form Foote, Laura Wilson 1997) has important implications for our understanding of ecological and evolutionary Additional Information and traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergent Evolution of Olfactory and Thermoregulatory Capacities in Small Amphibious Mammals
    Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals Quentin Martineza,1, Julien Clavelb,c, Jacob A. Esselstynd,e, Anang S. Achmadif, Camille Grohég,h, Nelly Piroti,j, and Pierre-Henri Fabrea,k aInstitut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 5554, 34095 Montpellier, France; bDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom; cUniv. Lyon Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’État (ENTPE), F‐69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France; dMuseum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; eDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; fMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia; gDivision of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; hLaboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262, CNRS-Institut écologie et environnement [INEE]), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France; iInstitut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U1194 UM, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; jRéseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, UMS3426 CNRS-US009 INSERM-UM, 34298 Montpellier, France; and kMammal Section, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved February 28, 2020 (received for review October 11, 2019) Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The partitioning has been documented in histological, airflow dynamic, former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, and performance test studies (9–13).
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Small Mammals Captured Outside of Natural Habitats in the Moramanga District, Central Eastern Madagascar
    Terrestrial “forest-dwelling” endemic small mammals captured outside of natural habitats in the Moramanga District, central eastern Madagascar Toky M. Randriamoria1,2, Voahangy Soarimalala2 petits mammifères, par le biais des trous-pièges et & Steven M. Goodman2, 3 des pièges standards, menées dans cinq villages du 1Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des District de Moramanga, dans la partie Est-centrale Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, de Madagascar, en 2013 (saison sèche) et en 2014 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar (saison humide) ont permis d’attraper pour la première E-mail: [email protected] fois deux espèces d’Afrosoricida endémiques, 2 Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Microgale majori et M. thomasi, dans des habitats Madagascar anthropogéniques en dehors des forêts naturelles. E-mail: [email protected] La première espèce a été répertoriée dans deux 3Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake sites (Ambalafary et Antsahatsaka) à travers deux Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA types d’habitats principaux : la forêt d’Eucalyptus et E-mail: [email protected] le savoka. Le terme savoka désigne des formations végétales secondaires souvent peu pénétrables et correspond à la période de jachère des cultures sur Abstract brûlis. Ces habitats de capture sont situés près de The vast majority of Malagasy rodent (Subfamily 770 m jusqu’à plus de 3 km d’une forêt naturelle. Nesomyinae) and tenrec (Subfamily Oryzorictinae) Concernant M. thomasi, un spécimen a été capturé species living in the eastern humid forest are thought dans un savoka situé à près d’une centaine de to be strictly forest-dwelling. Small mammals surveys mètres d’une forêt naturelle, dans le site de Besakay.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambient Temperature Cycles Affect Daily Torpor and Hibernation Patterns in Malagasy Tenrecs
    LJMU Research Online Dausmann, KH, Levesque, DL, Wein, J and Nowack, J Ambient Temperature Cycles Affect Daily Torpor and Hibernation Patterns in Malagasy Tenrecs. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/13213/ Article Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work) Dausmann, KH, Levesque, DL, Wein, J and Nowack, J (2020) Ambient Temperature Cycles Affect Daily Torpor and Hibernation Patterns in Malagasy Tenrecs. Frontiers in Physiology, 11. ISSN 1664-042X LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information please contact [email protected] http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ fphys-11-00522 May 26, 2020 Time: 17:58 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 28 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00522 Ambient Temperature Cycles Affect Daily Torpor and Hibernation Patterns in Malagasy Tenrecs Kathrin H. Dausmann1*, Danielle L.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance of a Gamete Recognition Gene Zan Reveals a Unique Contribution to Mammalian Speciation
    Molecular evolution and phylogenetic importance of a gamete recognition gene Zan reveals a unique contribution to mammalian speciation. by Emma K. Roberts A Dissertation In Biological Sciences Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Robert D. Bradley Chair of Committee Daniel M. Hardy Llewellyn D. Densmore Caleb D. Phillips David A. Ray Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May, 2020 Copyright 2020, Emma K. Roberts Texas Tech University, Emma K. Roberts, May 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank numerous people for support, both personally and professionally, throughout the course of my degree. First, I thank Dr. Robert D. Bradley for his mentorship, knowledge, and guidance throughout my tenure in in PhD program. His ‘open door policy’ helped me flourish and grow as a scientist. In addition, I thank Dr. Daniel M. Hardy for providing continued support, knowledge, and exciting collaborative efforts. I would also like to thank the remaining members of my advisory committee, Drs. Llewellyn D. Densmore III, Caleb D. Phillips, and David A. Ray for their patience, guidance, and support. The above advisors each helped mold me into a biologist and I am incredibly gracious for this gift. Additionally, I would like to thank numerous mentors, friends and colleagues for their advice, discussions, experience, and friendship. For these reasons, among others, I thank Dr. Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Dr. Sergio Balaguera-Reina, Dr. Ashish Bashyal, Joanna Bateman, Karishma Bisht, Kayla Bounds, Sarah Candler, Dr. Juan P. Carrera-Estupiñán, Dr. Megan Keith, Christopher Dunn, Moamen Elmassry, Dr.
    [Show full text]