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The Effect of Captan, Demeton, and 4(2,4-Db) on Alfalfa Growth and Seed Production

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The Effect of Captan, Demeton, and 4(2,4-Db) on Alfalfa Growth and Seed Production Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1961 The Effect of Captan, Demeton, and 4(2,4-Db) on Alfalfa Growth and Seed Production Daniel M. Taylor Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Taylor, Daniel M., "The Effect of Captan, Demeton, and 4(2,4-Db) on Alfalfa Growth and Seed Production" (1961). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 2749. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2749 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF CAPTAN, DBKJ:TON, AND 4 ( 2 , 4-DB) ON ALFALFA GROWTH AND SEED PRODUCTION by Daniel !d. Taylor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER 01' SCIENCE in A~ronomy Approv.ed : UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Lo~ran, Utah 1961 ACXNOWL!:DGMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. Marion 'If. Pedersen for the opportunity of working on this problem, and tor his guidance and helpful suggestions. My sincere appreciation is ex­ tended to Dr. DeVere R. McAllister tor his help and guidance during my stay at Utah State University. Daniel Y. Taylor TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2 Mechanism of action of growth regulating substances . 2 Effects of captan on plants 6 Effect of demeton on plants 9 Effects of 4(2,4-DB) on plants 13 IOI:TBODS AND MATERIALS 16 Experiment A 16 Experiment B 18 Experiment C 20 EXPBRIMBNTAL RESULTS 21 Experiment A . 21 Effect on vegetative parts 21 Effect on rate of growth . 21 Effect on fertility and flower production . 31 Experiment B 31 Effect on vegetative parts 31 Effect on rate of growth . 36 Effect of maturity . 44 Effect on fertility and flower production . 48 Effect on seed and chaff yield 53 Experiment C . 57 Effect on vegetative parts . 57 Effect on fertility and flower production . 57 Effect on seed and chaff yield 61 DISCUSSION • • • . • 64 Effect of captan on alfalfa 64 Vegetative parts . 64 Rate of growth 64 Fertility and flower production 65 Seed and chaff yield 66 Effect of demeton on alfalfa 66 Effect of 4(2,4-DB) on alfalfa 67 Vegetative parts . 67 Rate of arowth . 68 Fertility and flower production 69 Seed and chaff yield 70 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 71 LITERATURE CITED 73 LIST OF TABLES Table P~e 1. Mean squares for the rate of growth of the t~ged stems of alfalfa as affected by captan during five growth periods. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 22 2. Mean squares for the tagged stems for the combined analysis for the rate of growth of alfalfa as affected by captan. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 23 3. Mean squares for rate of growth of the three tallest stems of alfalfa as affected by captan during six growth periods. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 26 4. Mean squares for the combined analysis for rate of growth of alfalfa as affected by captan. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 27 5. Mean squares for the effect of captan on pods per flower crossed and seeds per pod on alfalfa. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 32 6. Mean squares for the weight per seed of alfalfa as effected by captan and different crosses. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 33 7. Mean squares for the effect of captan on racemes per plant, flowers per raceme, and dry weight produced per plant on alfalfa. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 34 8. Covariance analysis for the effect of captan on aborted racemes per plant on alfalfa. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 35 9. Mean squares for the rate of growth of alfalfa as affected by captan, demeton and 4(2,4-DB) at different growth periods. H-field, 1960 37 10. Mean squares for the combined analysis for rate of growth of alfalfa as affected by captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB). B- field, 1960 41 11. Mean squares showing the effects of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB) on racemes with flowers only per plant and racemes with pods per plant of alfalfa take July 21. B- field, 1960 46 12. Mean squares showing the effect of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB) on per cent normal pollen and self fertility of alfalfa. B- field, 1960 49 13. Mean squares showing the effect of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB) on cross fertility and flowers per raceme of alfalfa. B-field, 1960 50 14. Mean squares showing the effect of captan, demeton,· and 4(2, 4-DB) on weight per seed, and seed and chaff yield of alfalfa. B- field, 1960 55 15. Mean squares for the effect of 4(2,4-DB) on fertility of alfalfa. R-field, 1960 59 16. Mean squares for the effect of 4(2,4-DB) on fertility and flowers per raceme of alfalfa. H-field, 1960 60 17. Mean square for the effect of 4(2,4-DB) on the weight per seed, and seed and chaff yield of alfalfa. H-field, 1960 62 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. The effect of foliage application of captan on the growth of three tagged alfalfa stems from Jan. 25 to Feb. 2, Greenhouse, 1959-1960 24 2. The mean growth of three tagged alfalfa stems. Greenhouse 1959-1960 24 3. The effect of captan applied to the foliage on the mean growth of three tagged alfalfa stems during five growth periods from Dec. 28 to Feb. 2. Green- house, 1959-1960 28 4. The effect of soil application of captan on the growth of three tallest alfalfa stems from Feb. 23 to March 8. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 28 5. The effect of foliage application of captan on the growth of three tallest alfalfa stems from Feb. 23 to Karch 8. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 29 6. The mean growth of three tallest alfalfa stems. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 30 7. The effect of the application of captan to the soil on the growth of three tallest alfalfa stems during six growth periods from Jan. 25 to March 30. Greenhouse, 1959-1960 30 8. The effect of 4(2,4-DB) on the growth of alfalfa. B-field, 1960 . 38 9. The interaction of 4(2,4-DB) and captan on the growth of alfalfa from July 8 to July 16, H-field, 1960 40 10. The mean growth of alfalfa at different growth periods. H-field, 1960 40 11. Effect of 4(2,4-DB} on the mean growth of alfalfa during the six growth periods from June 16 to Aug. 15. a-field, 1980 42 12. The interaction of captan and 4(2,4-DB} on the mean growth of alfalfa during the six growth periods from June 16 to Aug. 15. a-field, 1960 42 13. Interaction of captan, demeton and 4(2,4-DB} on the mean growth of alfalfa during six growth periods from June 16 to Aug. 15. a- field, 1960 43 14. The interaction of 4(2,4-DB} and date on the mean growth of alfalfa during the six growth periods from June 16 to Aug. 15. a- field, 1960 45 15. The effect of 4(2,4-DB} on the stages of flowering of alfalfa on July 21. B-field, 1960 47 16. The interaction of captan and demeton on stage of pod development of alfalfa on July 21. a-field, 1960 47 17. The effect of 4(2,4-DB) on pods per flower crossed of alfalfa which was self polli- nated. B-field, 1960 51 18. The effect of 4(2,4-DB} on flowers per raceme of alfalfa. a-field, 1960 51 19. The interaction of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB} on seeds per pod from self pollination of alfalfa. B-field, 1960 52 20. The interaction of captan and 4(2,4-DB} on flowers per raceme of alfalfa. a- field, 1960 54 21. The interaction of captan and 4(2,4-DB} on alfalfa seed yield. H-field, 1960 54 22. The effect of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB} on alfalfa seed yield. B-field, 1960 56 23. The effect of captan, demeton, and 4(2,4-DB} on alfalfa chaff yield. B-field, 1960 58 24. The effect of 4(2,4-DB} seed yield, chaff yield, and weight per seed of alfalfa. a- field, 1960 63 INTRODUCTION The widespread use of chemicals for the control of diseases, insects, and weeds in the production of alfalfa seed has caused concern with regards to what effect these materials may have on the inherent reproductive potential of the plants . It has been reported that captan (N­ (trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) has both a morphological and physiological effect on some plants. The action of this chemical with regards to alfalfa reproduction has not been reported. Demeton (0,0- diethyl O(and S)-2-(ethylthio) ethylphosphorodithioate) is another chemical used in alfalfa seed production for which the direct effects on reproduction have not been studied. Adverse effects have been reported on a number of plant species with the use of organic phosphate insecticides . A selective herbicide, 4(2,4-DB), (2,4-dichlorophenoxy­ batyric acid) shows promise of being satisfactory for the control of broad-leaf weeds in alfalfa. Work reported on studies of forage and seed yields is quite varied as to the effect of 4(2,4-DB) on alfalfa. It is the object of this study to determine, in a preliminary way, the effects of captan, demeton, and 4(2, 4-DB) on the growth, pollen and ovule fertility , and seed and chaff yields of alfalfa.
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