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Suggestions for Further Reading A list of the editions of Arnold's works and the secondary sources re­ ferred to most frequently in this volume (along with notes on Nicholas Murray's recent biography and Cecil Y. Lang's first volume of a new edition of Arnold's letters) appears under the heading' Abbreviations of Frequently-Cited Sources' before the Preface. Good general intro­ ductions to Arnold include Fraser Neiman, Matthew Arnold (New York: Twayne, 1968), and Stefan Collini, Arnold (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988). A few additional, important critical studies are listed below. For an annotated bibliography of the most significant contributions to twentieth-century Arnold criticism and scholarship (up to the year 1991), see Clinton Machann, The Essential Matthew Arnold (New York: G. K. Hall, 1993). A reliable survey of criticism through 1972 can be found in David DeLaura's bibliographical essay 'Matthew Arnold' in Victorian Prose: A Guide to Research (New York: Modern Language Association, 1973), pp. 249-320. An annual review of Arnold scholarship and criticism appears in the journal Victorian Poetry. Ruth apRoberts, Arnold and God (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983). Paull F. Baum, Ten Studies in the Poetry of Matthew Arnold (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958). A. Dwight Culler, Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1966). David J. DeLaura, Hebrew and Hellene in Victorian England: Newman, Arnold, Pater (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1969). John Holloway, The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument (London: Macmillan, 1953), pp. 202-43. William Madden, Matthew Arnold: A Study of the Aesthetic Tempera­ ment in Victorian England (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1967). David G. Riede, Matthew Arnold and the Betrayal of Language (Univer­ sity Press of Virginia, 1988). G. Robert Stange, Matthew Arnold: The Poet as Humanist (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967). Lionel Trilling, Matthew Arnold, rev. edn (New York: Columbia Uni­ versity Press, 1958). 162 Notes and References 1 Juvenilia 1. For an extreme version of this view see Nathan Cervo, "'Dover Beach", "Sohrab and Rustum", "Philomela", and "Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse": The Iconography of Detritus', Arnoldian, 11 (Winter 1984), 24-31. Cervo contends that the poems listed in his title are 'grounded in an Oedipal complex'. 2. W. H. Auden, 'Matthew Arnold', Another Time: Poems (New York: Random House, 1940), p. 58. 2 Life and Work, 1841-53 1. The most influential general study of Arnold's poetic imagery is A. Dwight Culler's Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1966). 2. F. R. Leavis, 'Literary Studies', in Education and the University (Lon­ don: Chatto & Windus, 1943), pp. 66-86. 3. See, for example, Leon Gottfried, Matthew Arnold and the Romantics (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963). 4. See, for example, E. D. H. Johnson, The Alien Vision of Victorian Poetry: Sources of the Poetic Imagination in Tennyson, Browning, and Arnold (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952). 5. Unpublished Letters of Matthew Arnold, ed. Arnold Whitridge (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1923), p. 15. 6. See, for example, Sir Edmund Chambers, 'Matthew Arnold', Warton Lecture on English Poetry, Proceedings of the British Academy (1932), 23-45. 7. C. B. Tinker and H. F. Lowry, The Poetry of Matthew Arnold: A Com­ mentary (London: Oxford University Press, 1940), p. 291. 8. North American Review, 77 (July 1853), 1-30. 9. See Vinod Sena, 'W. B. Yeats, Matthew Arnold, and the Critical Imperative', Victorian Newsletter, 56 (1979), 10-14. 10. The Correspondence of Arthur Hugh Clough, ed. Frederick L. Mulhauser (London: Oxford University Press, 1957), II, 477. 11. Walter Bagehot, 'Wordsworth, Tennyson and Browning', in Literary Studies (London: J. M. Dent, 1911), II, 316. 12. Christian Remembrancer, 27 (April 1854), 310-33. 3 Life and Work, 1854-61 1. 'A Raid Among Poets', New Quarterly Review (January 1854), 40. 2. John Holloway, The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument (London: Macmillan, 1953), p. 203. 163 164 Notes and References 3. Most notably, William Robbins in The Arnoldian Principle of Flexibil­ ity (Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, 1979). 4. Stefan Collini, Arnold (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 5. 4 Essays in Criticism (1865), New Poems (1867) 1. 'Essays in Criticism', North British Review, 3, new series (March 1865), 81. 2. Privately held letter dated 1 December 1864, from Arnold to his mother, quoted in CPW 4:345. 3. Two particularly suggestive and provocative commentaries on the poem are Norman H. Holland's psychoanalytical essay 'Psychological Depths and "Dover Beach"', Victorian Studies, 9 (1965 Supplement), 5-28, and Anthony Hecht's poem 'The Dover Bitch (A Criticism of Life)', Transatlantic Review, 2 (1960), 57-8, reprinted in The Hard Hours (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 17. 4. See David J. DeLaura, 'Arnold, Clough, Dr. Arnold, and "Thyrsis"', Victorian Poetry, 7 (1969), 191-202. 5. Quoted by DeLaura, 'Arnold, Clough'. 6. Howard Foster Lowry (ed.), The Letters of Matthew Arnold to Arthur Hugh Clough (New York: Oxford University Press, 1932), p. 21; A. Dwight Culler, Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press), p. 253. 7. 'Matthew Arnold's New Poems', Anthenaeum (31 August 1867), 265-6. 5 Life and Work, 1868-71 1. See Bernadette Waterman Ward, 'Ernest Renan's Averroism in the Religious Thought of Matthew Arnold', Nineteenth-Century Prose, 22, 1 (1995), 34-53. 2. The well-known titles of chapters in Culture and Anarchy cited here and below actually appeared for the first time in the second (1875) edition of the book. Chapters in the first edition were untitled. 3. For a concise account of the evolving meanings of 'culture' in nine­ teenth-century England and Arnold's role in this process, see David J. DeLaura, 'Matthew Arnold and Culture: The History and the Prehistory', in Matthew Arnold in His Time and Ours: Centenary Essays, ed. Clinton Machann and Forrest D. Burt (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1988), pp. 1-16. Also see DeLaura's 'Arnold and Goethe: The One on the Intellectual Throne', in Victorian Literature and Society: Essays Presented to Richard D. Altick, ed. James R. Kinkaid and Albert J. Kuhn (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1984), pp. 197-224. 4. See David DeLaura, 'Arnold and Carlyle', PMLA, 79 (1964), 104-29, and 'Carlyle and Arnold: The Religious Issue', in Carlyle Past and Present: A Collection of New Essays, ed. K. J. Fielding and Rodger L. Tarr (London: Vision Press, 1976), pp. 127-54. 5. Privately held letter of 16 December 1868 quoted by Super (CPW 5:412). Notes and References 165 6. See especially the Samuel Lipman edition of Culture and Anarchy, which prints the original 1869 text in unaltered form, along with modern commentary. 7. Eugene Goodheart, 'Arnold, Critic of Ideology', New Literary His­ tory, 25 (1994), 415-28. 8. Sidney M. B. Coulling, 'Matthew Arnold and the Daily Telegraph', Review of English Studies, 12 (1961), 178. 9. George A. Sala, Life and Adventures (London: Cassell, 1895), I, 18-19. 10. The Nonconformist (7 February 1866), 119. 11. See J. Holloway, The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument (London: Macmillan, 1953), pp. 215-19. 12. Introductory Lectures on Modern History (Oxford: J. H. Parker, 1842), p.180. 13. David DeLaura, Hebrew and Hellene in Victorian England: Newman, Arnold, and Pater (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1969), p. 230. 14. See George W. Stocking, Jr, 'Matthew Arnold, E. B. Tylor, and the Uses of Invention', American Anthropologist, 65 (1963), 783-99. 6 Religious Writings, 1870-7 1. W. H. G. Armytage, 'Matthew Arnold and W. E. Gladstone: Some New Letters', University of Toronto Quarterly, 18 (1949), 222. 2. 'Arnold on Puritanism and National Churches', Edinburgh Review, 133 (April 1871), 399. 3. 'Mr. Matthew Arnold and the Nonconformists', Contemporary Review, 14 (July 1870), 540-7l. 4. Leslie Stephen, 'Mr. Matthew Arnold and the Church of England', Fraser's Magazine, 2, new series (October 1870), 414. 5. J. H. Newman, The Idea of a University (London: Longman, 1947), p.107. 6. 'Amateur Theology: Arnold's Literature and Dogma', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, 113 (June 1873), 685, 689. 7. 'Mr. Arnold's Gospel', Spectator, 46 (22 February 1873), 243-4. 8. Angelo de Gubernatis, 'Rassegna delle Letterature Straniere', Nuova Antologia di Scienze, Lettre ed Arti, 2nd series, 3 (December 1876), 880-1. 9. Super quotes from unpublished letters from Arnold to Knowles (CPW 7:436-7). 10. Unpublished letter quoted by Super (CPW 6:452). 11. 'God and the Bible', The Academy, 8 (18 December 1875), 618-19. 12. See Gilbert Geis and Ivan Bunn, 'Matthew Arnold and the Lowes­ toft "Witches''', Nineteenth Century Prose, 20, 1 (1993), 1-17. 13. W. H. Mallock, The New Republic: or, Culture, Faith, and Philosophy in an English Country House (London: Chatto & Wind us, 1878), p. 31. 166 Notes and References 7 Life and Work, 1878-88 1. 'Mixed Essays. By Matthew Arnold', Athenaeum (8 March 1879), 303. 2. 'New Books', Blackwoods' Magazine 126 (July 1879), 90-1. 3. 'Falkland and the Puritans. In Reply to Mr. Matthew Arnold', Contemporary Review, 29 (April 1877), 925--43. 4. Herbert R. Coursen, Jr, "'The Moon Lies Fair": The Poetry of Matthew Arnold', Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 4 (1964), 569-81. 5. See David J. DeLaura, 'The "Wordsworth" of Pater and Arnold: "The Supreme, Artistic View of Life"', Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 6 (1966), 651-67. 6. George Levine, 'Matthew Arnold: The Artist in the Wilderness', Criti­ cal Inquiry, 9 (1983), 469-82. 7. 'Mr. Matthew Arnold and Puritanism', British Quarterly Review 52 (July 1870), 187. 8. See The Note-Books of Matthew Arnold, ed. Howard Foster Lowry, Karl Young and Waldo Hilary Dunn (London: Oxford University Press, 1952).

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