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Cornwall Iron Furnace Visitor Guide

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Cornwall Iron Furnace Visitor Guide Pennsylvania Cornwall The American colonies, with Pennsylvania being the top producer, smelted one-seventh Trails of History of the world’s iron. In the mid-nineteenth century, Cornwall’s In Pennsylvania, all roads lead to history. Iron Furnace iron plantation contained industrial, To help find your path, the Pennsylvania residential, and agricultural activities. Small Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) Cornwall, Lebanon County villages were created for furnace workers has blazed several special-interest trails and miners. These stone and brick structures leading to some of Pennsylvania’s most were simple in style, but sturdy in historic sites. We invite you to explore one construction. Many other structures built site at a time, travel an entire trail or create during this time your own road trip to Pennsylvania’s past. period use a No matter whether you choose one of our Gothic Revival classic trails, a trail based on PHMC’s annual architectural style. themes or blaze your own, we’re sure it When Peter will lead you to experience and embrace died in 1754, the the people, places and events that make property passed Pennsylvania so special. The only Surviving Intact Charcoal Cold to his sons, Curttis Blast Furnace in the Western Hemisphere and Peter. By 1798, the Grubb Begin your journey online at family sold out to Robert Cornwall Iron Furnace (1742–1883) is the heart of a vast Coleman. Coleman was so www.PATrailsofHistory.com industrial plantation for nearly a century and a half. It is successful in the business that typical of the furnaces, which dotted the Pennsylvania he became one of Pennsyl- Hours of Operation countryside in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. lvania’s first millionaires. The Around it developed villages, artisans’ shops, stores, Cornwall furnace remained in OPEN June-August: Wednesday through Saturday, Robert Coleman schools, churches, and the home of a wealthy operation until 1883, when newer furnace 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sunday, noon to 5 p.m. ironmaster. Iron ore, limestone, and wood for charcoal operations fueled by anthracite coal made it obsolete. Last tour leaves the Visitor’s Center at 3:15 p.m. each day were found in this self-contained iron plantation, The furnace was abandoned leaving the building virtually September-May: Thursday through Saturday, totaling about 10,000 acres at its peak; all of these raw untouched until it was donated to the state in 1932 by 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sunday noon to 5 p.m. materials necessary for the smelting process. Cornwall Margaret Coleman Freeman Buckingham, the great- Last tour leaves the Visitor’s Center at 3:15 p.m. each day Iron Furnace, the only surviving intact charcoal cold granddaughter of Robert Coleman. CLOSED Mondays, Tuesdays, and all holidays blast furnace in the Western Hemisphere, attests to the The Cornwall Ore Banks, which Peter Grubb started in once great iron industry that flourished in south-central the 1730s, continued to operate until 1973, and is located Individuals with disabilities who need special assistance or accommodation should call in advance to discuss their needs. Persons who are deaf, hard of Pennsylvania. just south of the furnace property. Bethlehem Steel hearing, or speech impaired who wish to contact a hearing person via Text In the 1730s, Peter Grubb, a stone mason, acquired ownership of the mine between 1916 and 1922. Telephone may use the PA Relay Center at (800) 654-5984. began mining nearby. In Both strip mining and underground mining Hours and rates are subject to change. Please contact us for additional 1742, Peter established the event information. furnace, naming it Cornwall were used to extract after his father’s birthplace ore from the ground. in England. This furnace The mine began to CORNWALL IRON FURNACE remained in operation flood during Hurricane 94 Rexmont Road (corner of Boyd Street) until 1883. Agnes in 1972, and P.O. Box 251 Although the British today is filled with Cornwall, PA 17016 Parliament attempted in water. www.cornwallironfurnace.org 1750 to restrict production Cornwall Iron Furnace is administered by the of iron in the colonies, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in output continued to rise. The charging floor was partnership with the Friends of Cornwall Iron Furnace. where buggy loads of charcoal and iron ore Front: This massive wheel was were dumped into the run by a steam engine and nineteen-inch mouth provided the power to blast air of the furnace. p ™ to melt iron ore, charcoal and ur ess sue your happin Visitor Guide limestone. 2/20 1. Visitor Center 6. Blacksmith Shop 11. Open 14. Ironmaster’s Is housed in the nineteenth-century Charcoal Barn. Displays The fabrication and repair of Pit Mine Mansion and exhibits on ore mining, charcoal making and iron mak- tools for mining and iron mak- Cornwall Ore Curttis and Peter Grubb, ing are shown. This allows the ing was an ongoing process. Banks was one of sons of the builder of visitor to get a glimpse into In this building a blacksmith the world’s great- Cornwall Furnace, con- an iron plantation operation. could make tools and hardware est iron ore depos- structed this mansion Visitor’s services and the for the community. Not open its. Approximately circa 1773. The Coleman museum store are located in to the public. 106 million tons of family, whose patriarch, this facility. iron ore and over Robert Coleman, had 7. Wagon Shop 82 minerals were acquired the furnace and 2. Connecting Shed Wagons for the mining and extracted from the estate did extensive re- This roof protected charcoal from inclement weather as it was iron making operations were con- mines between modeling in 1865. Included transported in carts to the furnace building. Prior to the con- structed and repaired in the 1730s and 1973. The depth of the 0pen pit in the renovation was struction of the furnace building, raw materials were brought this building. Not open to reached approximately 500 feet below the surface. the addition of Italianate to the top of the stack on a bridge built from a hilltop to the the public. architectural elements. charging hole of the furnace. 12. Minersvillage Today a few residents Company housing was made available to miners and furnace of Cornwall Manor have 3. Furnace Building 8. Abattoir workers. Minersvillage was constructed in the 1860s and has apartments in the old This building was constructed This charming Gothic Revival been continuously occupied. Today the houses are private mansion. in the mid-1800s when the building, featuring quatre-foil residences lining Boyd Street. At present, many of these furnace was remodeled and windows, served as a smoke- houses have two numbers, one for the current house number enlarged. Its elegant façade house and butcher shop for the and the other, for the company number and Gothic Revival details are of yesteryear. Cornwall estate. Not open to 14 a testimony to the success of the public. the furnace and the taste of its 13. Paymaster’s Office owners. Charcoal, iron ore and limestone were introduced By 1875, this structure was an office into the furnace in the charging room on the upper level. The serving the Cornwall Estate. The Corn- blast equipment, which supplied air to the furnace, is located wall Iron Co., Ltd. (1886–1901), who had 9. Stable 13 on the next lower level. This is believed to be the sole surviv- The stable control over the defunct Cornwall Iron ing example of this type of machinery. The casting room is Rexm quartered Furnace, used the building for their of- ont Rd. located on the lowest level and is where molten iron was re- the horses fice as well. Today, Cornwall Manor uses leased from the furnace to be cast into pig iron or other cast and mules this building as an art studio. iron products. used in 6 everyday 9 4. Roasting Oven functions of the furnace, such as hauling raw materials and 7 Alternate layers of charcoal and iron finished products. Notice the keystone arches over the lower 3 2 ore, loosely placed to permit the doors and the vent grills in the upper doors. Today the stable 5 upward passage of air, were put in serves as the hobby shop for Cornwall Manor. 1 the roasting oven to remove sulfur from the iron ore. Failure to elimi- nate sulfur caused difficulties in the 4 . t smelting process and could force the S d y 10. Manager’s o operation to stop. This structure was probably erected in the B House/Office early 1800s, when the mine was beginning to yield a lower Building grade of ore. Present knowledge indicates that this im- 5. Coal Bins pressive stone building Although charcoal was the only was erected in the 19th fuel used in the furnace opera- century as a residence tion, both company houses and 10 for the Furnace Man- the ironmaster’s mansion were ager, who ranked only second to the owner. heated by anthracite coal in the 8 After 1916, Bethlehem Steel used the building 1800s. The coal bins also supported the track of the Cornwall as its Cornwall office. Railroad’s (1850–1968) spur to the furnace, which brought iron To 1 1 and 12 ore from the open pit mine to the furnace. A piece of rail from the railroad is still visible near Rexmont Road..
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