GARTNAVEL HOSPITAL Glasgow Conservation Audit Simpson & Brown Architects July 2009 Front cover: Simpson & Brown CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Objectives 3 1.2 Study Area 3 1.3 Designations 6 1.4 Limitations 6 1.5 Sources of Funding 6 1.6 Structure of the Report 7 1.7 Project Team 7 1.8 Acknowledgements 7 1.9 Abbreviations 7 1.10 Terminology 8 1.11 Hospital Names 8 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 3.0 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 11 3.1 History of the Site Before 1843 11 3.2 Development of the Surrounding Area 14 3.3 Glasgow Royal Asylum – Background and Design Context 15 3.4 Design of Gartnavel Hospital East and West House 1840 17 3.5 Landscape Setting of New Buildings mid 19th century 21 3.6 Alterations to East and West House 1843-1947 28 3.7 Landscape Setting 1860 – 1947 45 3.8 Alterations to East and West House 1948-2008 60 3.9 Landscape Setting 1947-2008 69 3.10 Other Buildings, Gartnavel Royal Hospital (extant) 1904 - 2008 72 3.11 Other Buildings, Gartnavel Royal Hospital (demolished) 80 3.12 Future Development Planned in 2008 85 3.13 Gartnavel General Hospital 1968-2008 86 3.14 Chronology 89 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNFICANCE 93 4.1 Introduction 93 4.2 Historical Significance 93 4.3 Architectural and Aesthetic Significance 94 4.4 Archaeological Significance 95 4.5 Landscape Significance 95 4.6 Ecological Significance 95 4.7 Social Significance 96 5.0 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 97 Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit Simpson & Brown Architects 1 6.0 GRADING OF SIGNIFICANCE 99 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Graded Elements 99 7.0 BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT 105 7.1 Landscape Character Areas 105 7.2 Building Form 112 7.3 Materials 114 7.4 Views 115 7.5 Character 118 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 119 8.1 Retention of Significance 119 8.2 Further Research 120 8.3 Physical Evidence and Recording 120 8.4 Repairs 120 8.5 Restoration 120 8.6 Work to Interiors 121 8.7 Adaptation to a New Use 122 8.8 Interventions to Existing Buildings 122 8.9 Demolitions 123 8.10 Landscape 123 8.11 The Character of the Surrounding Area 124 8.12 Additions to Existing Buildings 124 8.13 The Design of New Buildings 124 8.14 Key Recommendations 124 9.0 OPTIONS APPRAISAL 129 9.1 Introduction 129 9.2 Conversion to Housing 129 9.3 Conversion to Offices 130 10.0 SUBDIVISION ANALYSIS 131 10.1 Architectural Analysis 131 10.2 Cost Estimates 153 Appendix I Condition Report Appendix II A3 Drawings Appendix III Architects Biographies 2 Simpson & Brown Architects Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives This report has been commissioned by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde as part of its Estate Strategy. The first part of this report is an account of the historical development of the site and the buildings, based on a review of the documentary evidence, and a physical analysis of the building fabric. A description and analysis of the present condition and arrangement of the buildings is included, with a description of the fabric. The evidence is then considered in an assessment of cultural significance, for the site as a whole and for its various parts. The purpose of establishing the importance of the site is to identify and assess the attributes which make a building of value. Once the heritage significance of the buildings and the landscape is understood, informed policy decisions can be made which will enable that significance to be retained, revealed or, at least, impaired as little as possible. A clear understanding of the nature and degree of the significance of the building and other elements of the site will not only suggest constraints on future action, it will introduce flexibility by identifying the areas which can be adapted or developed with greater freedom. 1.2 Study Area Gartnavel Royal Hospital is located in the west of Glasgow. The study area consists of approximately 68.5 acres (27 hectares) situated to the north west of Glasgow city centre (figures 1 -5). The site was originally a farm surrounding a farmstead from which the name derives, but was developed in the mid-19th century as a new home for the Glasgow Royal Asylum, providing Hospital and residential accommodation for fee-paying patients in the main block with an adjacent building to provide charitable accommodation. Having moved specifically to escape the fast-developing city centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital enjoyed only a few decades in its comparatively rural location before it too was surrounded by the growing suburbs that developed around the Great Western Road throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Much of the former landscape of the site itself has been built over. In the 1970s the east portion of the site was developed as Gartnavel General Hospital, since joined by further large buildings for the Leukaemia Research Centre and the New Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre. Today the Gartnavel Campus is largely split between these buildings in the east and the Gartnavel Royal Hospital buildings in the west part of the site. In 2007 the New Gartnavel Royal Hospital building was completed on the same site to the south east of the original buildings. The study area in this audit concentrates on the original Gartnavel Royal Hospital buildings, the related buildings of the 20th century, and the landscape that connects them (figure 4). The former Gartnavel Royal Hospital comprises two large Hospital buildings, referred to as the West House and East House, built in the 1843 for the Glasgow Royal Asylum. The East House was vacated in 2001, and the West House was vacated in 2007-8. Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit Simpson & Brown Architects 3 Additional buildings relating to Gartnavel Royal Hospital were built in the grounds throughout the 20th century. These comprise the Chapel to the north (disused), former Nurses Home to the south (now administration offices), and additional ward buildings to the west. The site is owned by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Figure 1 Location Plan with approximate site location indicated by arrow. Streetmap Figure 2 Study area boundary outlined in red. Microsoft, edited by Simpson & Brown 4 Simpson & Brown Architects Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit Figure 3 Overall site plan, with names of buildings. Demolished structures outlined in red Simpson & Brown Figure 4 Site plan, historic buildings. Demolished structures outlined in red Simpson & Brown Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit Simpson & Brown Architects 5 Figure 5 Aerial photograph showing historic buildings in landscape setting. Microsoft, Simpson & Brown ed 1.3 Designations Both the West House and East House are Category A listed (HB No. 32318). The Chapel is Category B listed (HB No. 32320) and the Nurses Home is Category B listed (HB No. 32319). These buildings formed part of the Gartnavel Royal B for Group listing (now phased out). No other buildings on the site are listed. The Gartnavel site has been designated with a Tree Preservation Order. 1.4 Limitations No opening up was carried out as part of physical assessment of the buildings. Only limited access was available to the West House at the time of survey as parts of the building were still in use. With the exception of the Dining and Recreation Hall and the Entrance Hall, it was not possible to view any of the interiors of the East House, due to its poor condition. As much of the study area is still in use by the hospital, photography of existing buildings was limited out of respect for the privacy of patients and staff. Archive images have been used instead as appropriate. It was not possible to examine the records of the NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board in detail. Further light might be shed on the history of the Hospital buildings if they were to be examined more fully. 1.5 Sources of Funding This report has been commissioned and funded by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. 6 Simpson & Brown Architects Gartnavel Royal Hospital Conservation Audit 1.6 Structure of the Report This Conservation Plan follows the guidelines set out in The Conservation Plan 5th Ed. (The National Trust of Australia, 2000) by James Semple Kerr; and The Illustrated Burra Charter: good practice for heritage places (Australia ICOMOS, 2004) by M Walker and P Marquis-Kyle; the Heritage Lottery Fund’s Conservation Management Plans Checklist, Conservation Management Plans Model Brief and Conservation Management Plans: Helping your application (2004). The report also refers to the British Standard BS 7913 – Guide to the principles of the conservation of historic buildings (1998). 1.7 Project Team This conservation plan was written by Simpson & Brown Architects. The project team consisted of John Sanders, Tom Parnell, Cath McFarlane and Jen Austin. Unless otherwise stated, photographs have been taken by Simpson & Brown. 1.8 Acknowledgements Simpson & Brown gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by the following persons and organisations: § Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monument of Scotland § NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board Archives § NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde § Jones Lang La Salle § Mitchell Library & Glasgow City Archives 1.9 Abbreviations These abbreviations have been used throughout the report: DSA Dictionary of Scottish Architects HS Historic Scotland ML Mitchell Library NHS National Health Service NHSGGC NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHSGGCHBA NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board Archive NLS National Library of Scotland OS Ordnance Survey RCAHMS Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland For ease of understanding, the buildings now known as ‘West House’ and ‘East House’ will be referred to by that name throughout the report, although originally referred to as the ‘1st Class House’ and ‘2nd Class House’ respectively.