SPECIAL ANNIVERSARY ISSUE I

)CTOBER 1984 $2.1

LOME, WORK, & PLAY ll\ITHE21ST CEI\T

FEATURING: RONALD RARDCIM STANLEY onnrui OCTOBER 1984

EDITOR IN CHIEF & DESIGN DIRECTOR: BOB GUCCIONE PRESIDENT: KATHY KEETON EDITOR: GURNEY WILLIAMS III GRAPHICS DIRECTOR: FRANK DE.v:\0 MANAGING EDITOR: PAUL HILTS

CONTENTS PAGE COMMUNICATIONS Correspondence 14 FORUM Dialogue 16 EARTH Environment Douglas Starr 20

LIFE Biomedicine Thomas Christopher 22

BOOKS The Arts Brian McKernan 27

PAINTING The Arts Gregory Paul 30

TELEVISION The Arts Douglas Stein 32

EXPLORATIONS Travel Louise Cooper 36

THE BODY Health Susan Ellis 40

ARTir.CIA_ INTELLIGENCE Computers Alvin Tot tier 42 SPACE Comment Douglas Starr 44

BREAKTHROUGHS Technology Bill Lawren 48 CONTINUUM Data Bank 51

LOVE, WORK, AND PLAY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY FIRST WORD Opinion Kathy Keeton 6 MIND Behavior Slanley Milgram 34 REAGAN: THE WORLD OF 2000 Forecast Ronald Reagan 60

THE HIGH LIFE IN SPACE Article Gerard K. O'Neill 72

HEX PLAY Article Scot Morris 88

JOHN NAIS8ITT Interview Anthony Liversidge 108

FUTURE METROPOLIS Article David W. Dunlap 116

AN OFFICE THAT RESPONDS Pictorial Langdon Clay 124 TO THE TOUCH THE DELPHIC POLL Reader Survey 132 Bradbury 64 I SUPPOSE YOU ARE Fiction Ray WONDERING WHY WE ARE HERE

PLASMAS UNDER GLASS Pictorial Pete Turner 78

THE VISIONARY Fiction Ursula K. LeGuin 100

ANTIMATTER UFOs, etc. 135 STARS Astronomy George Lake 168

FLAG CHIPS Phenomena Phillip Harrington 184 GAMES Diversions Scot Morris 188 LAST WORD Humor John McCarthy 190

The future unfolds before us

like of the ' the spectrum Is/.- B-:dL.3 12*2 Eercjentelc N.J. 0762'. Volume "el l?1?i OMNI IE rainbow grid, spanning both I I'JiS I6S8FV8S -19BGI00. a

i. in ir . =.A. by IVe-edt-.-Eurda Co-p end disr-.SLied the U.S.A., Canad. dark and light- A sphere J.K.) By Curtis Circulsiio'i Comply. 21 Hsnde's; floats above, challenging us Distributed in Ihe U.K. by COMAG. Tavis ;k Reaa '.Vssi 3-aylor Lonoo.i. U87 7QE, England. to solve the riddle of the may be reproduced -r whole sr in pa' '' !' '-* .no or =ead is CO rc-irienls twenty-first century. Artist I"" year-. Canada and elsewhere—$34 one ; ;inc:t.:cn,TsE2d0i-i .;S.. AFC and Canada Tr Michel Tcherevko/t designed 3spofs nil :v :o -e:ur ursolic led matte-. an:: all -iqhr this picture with Hal Seigel. e'nations Ld Letters rFc-rl it- Sim or its editors b: 4 OMNI . i

By the lime a toddler of today reaches When Gmn.- was bem six vears ago we

l have graduated dedicated i:. io a simple toea that no one from (his century into the twenty -first. else seemed to understand: that the quest Although the change of oate : is a mere for knowledge is the most wondrous o symbol, it is made important the in i by funda- u i, em mental cha Bui :'i seems toat too many Arriericans :r, ;he decades that follow. Grnrir's slxth- still do nol understand. Science and anniversary issue la dedicated to exploring technology are no; exoonsiva nskv detrac- iu ' i: i' i- i. '.'!. tions from social progress; they create making tnerrr possible, and the children soma! progress, and toey deserve muck

i »Vi Will 'I ' .::.:v It'! : 'I,-.. " 're : '. a: i; to in Li ay ; ve With' the mission of engineer Charles D. i his smih-annlversary issue may help. Walker, tirsi the private citizen to enter 'V' -Li.. i! ', acvo-: . d ii .i space, a new era hastoegun. Walker is an viewpoint. We nave simply sought to explore employee of McDonnell Douglas, and our theme —toe fuiure of tove. work, and his presence aboard the Discovery, the play T nations toird'soace shuttle, he'atds the at where we and om children are going and growing coil a id or at; on between NASA and how a renewed emphasis on science and American industry. Once the core of 'he •eonnolog.y will make tne next century a

NASA program, government-sponsored : much bettor t me. Somehow the p'esoects 'lights wiii increasingly yieto to private do noi seem as threatening as recer-i ventures as the next centum draws near. head'iiies have made In. n. i The Discovery mission sets other prece- f she denis : as well. Two history- making oxpem pages thai follow since our new frontier .mento on toe shuttle suggest Ihe.d^edion of above will change the dynamics of 'amdy the NASA program. Descendants of a I'ie in thie next century. Princeton physicist 105-foot solar pane:. Gerard K. O'NeiN cas's his I noughts several LfUDRD lest, may power our first permanent space decades ahead ana uxam.mes many of stations. This is a small s-cp toward 'reedom these space sherries in Petal in "The High . ByKaihy Keeton from the planet on which humanity was Lire in Soace:" Other change born, rout it Is amo concete evidence [hat and some may-prove as important. In

&The twenty-first 1 the 'permanent manned presence m "Future space" Metropolis,' some -to the world s •o vvhich President century . Reagan has may yield a nation referred most influential architects describe their

actually has a place in administration 1 i plans. ( : of science ion of it- s to ni" Ana ... Discovery's other experiment Is a device .'.' column hypothesizes mat nature: m_ ts and illiterates, unless weed designed to perry medically srpmiiicant vegetables in our diet may contribute to bio One such ehomica : is a vow to improve . cancer ana aging, whereas certain v ramms normone that, once refined,' could be an may help extend lives. our children's our education* important drug within new two or toreo Capping the issue are two n-re-vlews

years. Bat unless it can be orocesseo in ma: weave these varied toerm-m m:e a soace it cannot oe made purely or cheaply coherent look a! tne world m wmr.n we will enough- tor practical use,- soon live. In ore. John Na.soto, author Unfortunately, suet; promising techno- of the best seller Megatrends, forecasts

: Will not Continue changes ranging from toe rise o^ meri'ca: for long. America's position of world leader- self-nelo tdtoe oe'toss of iabc- omens. s.mp is threatened by the shameless In the other, we turn to Ronald Reagan, the neglect or science and . main education in man who more than any slngie scientist, its nation's schools. Don't let toe current ri.py buzz about the microcomputer revolution slve feature. \he "resident gives his mew mls.ead you, 1 the twenty -first century . '' may of the twenty-first century. Reagams futuristic y.ie-d a nation of science i illiterates in-less vision :s one in which traditional, wmele- we act with great dispatch. sor.ne values will be consonant with the

•selves. The tochriesociety ,'.-' tne next cem.cm I bring. National Science Foundation mtoorts !ha in spite ot cur president s opinions, only percent : 6 oi a : hlgn-schou' students the future world has problems. 3ut it cue complete four years of hematics-, ma! and also hiring growing freedom and prosperity.

only- 16 percent ever take '. ohys'cs. ...! .' ! ' !. On ! . ,: . ., ! : i the college level, -only 6 percent. O' all means to ma it so. To use them w seiy we students ever emoil in engineering must understand wira; they offer and what programs, in contrast, students in Japan is at stake. And above all, wo must prov.de and the Soviet Union emphasize technical our chitoren and their offspring with the

expertise by [aking - three limes as much means fc do the same. ; mat! . as tried to more hours overall studying in school If we do its part. Our worsi risk is not some Great are to stay ahead of other countries, we catasi-ophe that awaits us out our -allure must revive American technical education to use the.knr from ' its moribund state and greatly expand open, to us.OO both our moral and financial commitment ; to education. —

NTRIBUTORS annruii

once asked Sigrnund we won't to Someone have work harder, but we will safely on the ocean floor, or provide gravity- Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, have to work smarter. And beginning on free graciousness in space. But the what he thought humans ought page in 60, he lets us on some personal consensus of architects was that none of to be able to do well. Freud's answer was plans for recreation in the twenty-first these grand plans would come to anything simple: "to love and work." century, win or lose next month. without proper concern for the humans With all his vision, the good Viennese No matter what else humans ferry into who would live in such cities. In "Future doctor could never have foreseen what space, they will also carry the needs and Metropolis" (page 116), New York Times would become of the world as it approached aspirations Freud studied a century ago. correspondent David W. Dunlap reveals how the twenty-first century. Some forecasters So we asked K. Gerard O'Neill, the Princeton modern architects are returning to the today predict that by the year 2000, working physicist who has drawn plans for future joys of the village—for example, the crooked will involve staying on the job a mere 20 extraterrestrial settlements, to describe life streets and crowded marketplaces— to hours aweek providing challenging new aboard — a space colony, dateline June 4, make tomorrow's huge structures habitable. opportunities for play. Freud might have 2017. Trained in the engineering and This issue also offers a very small struc- been somewhat less amazed, considering of mechanics far-flung habitats, O'Neill ture you can build yourself and then unfold his research into human passion, at the produced a surprising set of predictions. to reveal some symbols of the next century. variety of relationships in which love would His report, "The Life High in Space," begin- To mark our sixth year, it's a six-sided flourish. But as a member and observer ning on 72. page suggests that space paper project that, after 10 minutes of cutting of a repressed society, he would probably may become of one the plushiest frontiers and pasting, opens like a flower to show have been surprised at how often people humans have ever explored. layer on layer of fresh faces, each repre- today come out of the closet, sometimes We may not have to wait until the next senting some aspect of future life. Let us wearing odd clothing. century for a whole frontier new of work on know what you find in the symbols. Omni Yet when we began trying to impose an Earth, according to Naisbitt, John author games editor Sco( Moms reports in order on the volumes of forecasts offered of the mega-best seller Megatrends. "Hexplay," page 88, that the hexagonal about the next millennium, Freud's venerable Naisbitt predicts full employment by 1986. structure was the brainchild of several high- answer seemed to make more sense than And he outlines how subsequent labor powered scientists. And it provides an ever. "To love and to work" and. consider- shortages — will lead to new corporate strate- introduction to a branch of mathematics ing the changing job patterns, "to" play" gies lure to workers. Naisbitt joins others vital to the design of computer com- are central concerns of all Americans in this issue in predicting that new technol- ponents. More important to Morris: It's fun. today. And they will continue to be so will foster ogy new ties between people. There's pleasure in this month's fiction tomorrow and into the on twenty-first century. And in the course of this month's Interview, offerings, as well. Ray Bradbury's "I Suppose A diverse group of contributors in this starting on page 108, he explains how You Are Wondering Why We Are Here" sixth-anniversary issue offered variations on and why."high touch" develops. (page 64) is about a strange and funny our theme. For.President Ronald Reagan, Some of the greatest architects of our family reunion. And Ursula K. Le Guin, for example, love, work, and play are woven 1 time came to similar conclusions as they winner of a Hugo, a Nebula, and a National together to form the backdrop of an tried to sketch the skyline of the city of Book Award, gives us "The Visionary" election. In responses to Omni's questions, the future. Buildings may rise to 300 stories. (page 100), the haunting story of a sensitive the President envisions a future in which Whole urban areas may float, or nestle woman of the future.OO 10 OMNI Ulilililll LETTERS KATHYKEETON ^_ THE CORPORATION CDnnRnuruicATorus

An Idea Goes Flat that some of B. E Skinner's wartime, target- Ken Faul ken berry's solution [Competition trained pigeons bombed real boats. At Results, June 1984] for keeping soda from no time did we state or imply this. going flat— squeezing the plastic bottle Fourth paragraph: "When [the pigeons]

until there is almost no air left inside it- spotted a sniper in a tree . . . they were will not work. taught to land nearby, thus changing the

His assumption is that carbon dioxide frequency coming from microtransmitters in

stays in solution longer if it has no air their stomachs and warning U.S. troops." to escape into. Actually, just the opposite The pigeon Ambush Detection System was would happen. The plastic bottle would meant to protect mechanized convoys

naturally try to regain its shape, thereby traveling over highways in Vietnam but was creating a partial vacuum above the soda. never tested during actual combat. The In particular, there would be a low partial transmitters were on the pigeons' backs, not pressure of carbon dioxide above the in their stomachs. liquid, causing the gas to come out of Fitth paragraph: "Bailey now foresees solution more rapidly. The soda would go the day when killer whales are put on sentry

ADMINISTRATION fiat faster than if he had left it alone. duty along the Russian coast." We did

Rick Norwood not make that statement or anything like it. Wayne, NJ "And there's also talk, Bailey indicates, of using monkeys to launch missiles from

Animal Warfare Revisited colonies on the moon." If there is such talk,

We teel that we have been seriously it never came from ABE. And further, we misrepresented by an article, which we never said anything about top-secret were unable to review, titled 'Animal classifications for any of our work; such a Warfare," by Peter Rondinone [Antimatter, false statement could make us liable to February 1984], prosecution by the government.

The author wrote in the present tense, Perhaps most damaging to us is the although the Animal Behavior Enterprises article's inflammatory tone. Misquotes (ABE) research described took place implying insensitivity to animals and the during the Vietnam years ol 1965 to 1967. reference to "neo-Nazi" behavior add Here are other inaccuracies and emotional dimensions that are difficult to misstatements: address without becoming equally

First paragraph: "Bailey . . . surgically emotional. Implied is a callousness toward implanted 22 pounds of aluminum into the living creatures that belies our 37 years

belly of a wild boar. She observed it of behavioral research and our pioneering

couldn't jump a small fence without its work in the humane care and training of stitches ripping open." Actually, 4.4 pounds animals. Our colleagues in science and was the maximum weight implanted, in a government, along with many humanitarians, 300-pound wiid pig. No: "neniioned was that have deplored what we allegedly did or the work was under veterinary supervision said. Contrary to the impression created by

and that all implants were coated with Rondinone's article, we conducted our medical-grade smooth beeswax for the research carefully and with sensitivity and protection of the animal. The exercises were concern for the animal subjects. mild, and the low weights caused no harm Marian Breland Bailey, Ph.D. to the pigs. No stitches opened, ever. Robert E. Bailey " Second paragraph: "Bailey has been Animal Behavior Enterprises, Inc. FOREIGN EDITION! paid by the Defense Department to find new Hot Springs, AR Obu.i- ways to use animals in land warfare." Not so; ABE contracted to provide test results Credit Correction concerning behavior of various species or, The photograph accompanying the article in the case of pigeons, to refine the use "Inca Child." by Patrick Tierney (August of species already used by the military. 1984), was taken by Loren Alexander Third paragraph: An implication is made Mclntyre, not Tim Mclntyre.DQ TU Crown Royal # Excalibur

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Omni welcomes speculation, theories, right to demonstrate but not :heir attempt to ihat I stated that the laboratory's newsroom commentary, dissent, and questions from blockade laboratory gates and break the was created to bamcabe the cublic-affairs readers in this open forum. We invite you law. In contrast to Perry's perceptions, staff from the demonstrators. The original to use this column to voice your hopes however, I'm very surprised at how purpose of the press office was to ensure about the future and to contribute to the uninformed many of the demonstrators are that reporters were influenced by a labora- kind of informal dialogue thai generates about the nuclear issue and how they tory point ol view rather than being breakthroughs. Please note that we cannot view the problem and its solution: "Stop the exposed to the "noise" of demonstrators. I return submissions and that the opinions work of the. laboratory, and the nuclear don't know, of course, what the pressroom expressed here am no! necessarily those of ihreat will go away." is used for today. the magazine. This attitude is extremely naive. Nuclear Stephenson misses the point of the

weapons are not going to go away, demonstrators. What I heard most often create that the laboratory is of Meanwhile, Back al Ihe Lab . . . because the knowledge to them is was symbolic the national resources being I am writing in response to the First Word not going to evaporate. Given this nasty enormous that appeared in the May issue and was state of affairs, ! be ieve thai laboratory spent on highly destructive devices while of the nation's written by my former boss. Bill Perry, Jr. I scientists play a critical role in ensuring (weapons) many people am writing as an individual, not as a repre- world peace and stability. They help this are still ill fed. inadequately housed, and sentative ol the Lawrence Livermore country maintain a credible nuclear force poorly educated. And it is impossible to say National Laboratory. that is a deterrenl to aggressive acts by our that the lab's activities are improving I've been working in the public-atfairs adversaries. They also ensure that. our people's lives or guaranteeing their security. office of the laboratory since October 1980. nuclear weapons are safe for the workers As to whether the demonstrators are Perry's perceptions of the laboratory and handling them, principled people or "lawbreakers, " as the facts are not one and the same. He Nuclear-weapons research constilutes Stephenson suggests, I quote from a letter twists the truth and gives public-relations 65 percent of the lab's work. It is the I received from the defense attorney in people a bad name. laboratory's primary mission but not its sole the People v. Blackwood, a case in which I

If Perry's job al the laboratory had become activity. At the laboratory, more than 2,500 testified; "All seven criminal cases were a "private nightmare," it was of his own people and $200 million are devoted to dismissed, and the lab was strongly urged making. He did not leave the laboratory nonweapons work. Of the nation's three by the judge to revamp their policies," I simply because he disagreed with its work major fusion-energy programs, two are wonder what nation we might belong or because he had a desire to "do located at the laboratory—the Nova laser to today if the original colonists, now called something else" with his life. Rather, as he and the Mirror Fusion Test Facility. The patriots, had not been willing to break the himself testified under oath in a trial involving laboratory also does environmental and British law for their principles. several demonstrators, Perry resigned biomedical research. Is Stephenson suggesting that my values under pressure to avoid an investigation of I, too, am concerned about the possibility should not clash with those of "some of scientists, incidents occurring during his tenure in of nuclear war. But I realize that as difficult the best engineers and admin- the posilion. The matters subject to investi- as it is tor individuals to come to trust istrators in the world"? Or is she suggesting gation had nothing to do with how Perry one another, it is much more difficult for that the lab's employees are right because ielt about the nuclear issue. nations to do so. When arms-control efforts they are good technically ? I think it is

If Perry's values clashed with those of effectively-minimize the threat of nuclear commendable that many at the lab laboratory employees, then they clashed war, nations of the world may come to trust contribute time to the communities in with people who are not only some of one another and learn to live together which they live and thai the communities the best scientists, engineers, and adminis- peacefully. That is the hope for the future. are better as a result of these efforts. It trators in the world, but also people who Sue Stephenson would, in my view, also be a much better support the community in which they live. Oakland, CA world if the nature of their work also Contrary to Perry's statement, the contributed something positive to the laboratory's newsroom was not created to Bill Perry, Jr~, responds: /( comes as no quality of life. barricade the public affars staff from surprise to me that Sue Stephenson and I Stephenson notes that only 65 percent of is to nuclear- demonstrators. Public-information officers . would disagree on facts concerning the lab's work devoted like myself are there to assist reporters Livermore. We did, after ail, view the weapons research. That figure, however, and are often on the street wilh the demon- laboratory from entirely different levels and represents a dramatic increase from the 41 strators, gathering information. perspectives. I am, however, surprised percent that was being cited as late as

it avoids mentioning that to I realize that the people who demonstrate and somewhat disappointed that she would 1981, and 75 SO outside the laboratory gates are from charge me with twisting the truth and percent of the lab's time, including the every part of society, and I applaud their then go on to misguote me. She asserts Nova laser, is being spent on defense-

16 OMNI .

HUNTER SABOTAGE EARTH By Douglas Starr

The hunters had tramped through a "Don't think we're pansies just because Although organized hunter harassment quarter mile of snow when they we're here to stop you from killing deer," is new in this country, it has existed in were halted by a flashlight beam shouted Dommer, president of a group England for more than a decade, There, stabbing out from the dark. "This is private called the Coalition Against Sport Hunting. outraged animal lovers have provoked property," said a voice. "There's no hunting Later he said, "When the time comes, sometimes bloody confrontations as they allowed here." you have to be ready to act." disrupted fox hunts by blowing trumpets "Says who?" said a hunter, as he reached Dommer is one of a growing number of and pulling hunters off horses. In Canada, forward and shoved. people who have taken animal protection to a group called Greenpeace took hunter Instantly he was tackled by three sturdy a new, militant level. From a small band of harassment to new heights as members bodies; Luke Dommer and his friends diehards, the movement has expanded sped in front of whaleboats or draped had set up a predawn roadblock to keep to include thousands of people who harass themselves protectively over the bodies of hunters off a game preserve in New Jersey. hunters and scare away potential game. baby harp "seals. Now, facing six times their number, the Some blare tapes in the woods. Others Those actions inspired the American activists moved decisively. Dommer and spring animal traps or spray scent to confuse animal-rights movement, which until recently two friends lifted the hunter and threw him dogs. "Hunters take pleasure in destroying had confined itself to education and lobby- backward. The other hunters began creatures we value." says Priscilla Feral, ing. "We were feeling frustrated because surging forward, yelling as they went. director of the New England chapter of some wildlife refuges had been opened to Then, as Dommer pushed into the crowd, Friends of Animals, Inc. (FOA). "Our aim is hunting," recalls Feral. "So we decided a hunter took aim. to deny the hunter a kill." that we, too, should take a stand by "You going to shoot me?" challenged Along the way, groups like FOA have disrupting the hunt." Dommer. The man lowered his gun. Another outraged hunters. "Sportsmen should not To draw public attention, FOA began a aimed at Dommer's brother Paul, an ex- be forced to contend with this sort of thing," campaign of sabotage. In one action they prize fighter and black belt in karate. Paul says Rick Story, of the Wildlife Legislative invaded a southern Connecticut marsh quickly pinned the man against a tree, Fund, a lobby for hunters. Or as Outdoor used for goose hunting, releasing an armada gun barrel across his throat. More pushing Life magazine put it, "This radical group . . of Day-Glo decoys with lighted flares and yelling. Finally, after a lew minutes may pose the greatest threat to hunting sputtering in their tails. In another, they of scuttling, the hunters stalked otf. and fishing in modern times." trudged through a state forest, blasting tapes to scare game. They even mailed out a press release entitled "Tips for Hunt Saboteurs." Sent to

FOAs 1 25,000 members, it lists 14 ways to aggravate hunters. One was to stroll

through the forest with a radio blaring; still

another was to fill hunting .equipment with manure. 'Angry hunters do no! stalk quietly," the brochure concluded. "Disrupt!" These pranks, of course, were too good a story to ignore, and soon reporters had spread the news, encouraging other groups to pull pranks of their own. In New Jersey, activists picketed hunters' parked cars. In Vermont, fur trappers reported their equipment wrecked. In Arizona, an activist chased hunters with a pistol, shooting blanks to frighten prey.

And last fall, when authorities said they planned to use a lottery to award 600 permits for deer hunting on a Florida wildlife refuge, humane-group members mailed in hundreds of permit applications. When the winners were picked, about half the permits went to nonhunters. The yield of the hunt? Two deer. "We were just tickled," CONTINUFDONPAQEBT '

SEEDS IN SPACE

By Thomas Christopher

Eeorge B. Park, Jr., is sending his 1 in November 1983. And through time- seedlings into orbit on Spaceiab 2, sched- seeds into outer space. As vice lapse photography, he proved that common uled for the spring of 1985, to see whether president of the Park Seed sunflower seedlings circumnuiated even the longer flight will result in lignification. Company, of Greenwood, South Carolina, when raised in conditions of weightlessness, In contrast to these high-tech experiments and grandson of the firm's founder, Park suggesting that Darwin, despite his in which the plants are nurtured and is proud ol the leadership his company has ignorance of biochemistry, was probably monitored by sophisticated electronic gear, always shown in discovering new ways to on the right track. Park's project has, as he notes, "the virtue market seeds. In 1962, for example, Park Another insight into gravity's effect on of being completely simple." Samples of Seed was the first seed company to begin plants has been provided by the work Park products, such as Park's Whopper packaging products in aluminum-foil of Joe Cowles, a botanist at the University Tomato seeds, were packed in metal envelopes, ensuing 'hat the seeds would of Houston whose research has focused canisters and placed aboard the shuttles stay fresh until planting time. But now on the lignification of seedlings. Lignin is a to assess the etlect that cosmic radiation George feels he is on to something really polymer that adds stiffness to plant-cell and the vacuum of space would have big: He is testing the effect that exposure to walls. Its production is also thought to on them. "I wanted to use the environment the hostile environment of space will have " be stimulated by the force of gravity. Cowles of the cargo bay itself as the laboratory, on seeds. This project, whose results planted 32 four-day-old pine seedlings not to try to create a miniature laboratory may have important implications for plant and 64 oal and mung-bean seeds in a inside that two-foot can," Park says. The first growth on Earth as well as for the future of suitcase-size plant-growth unit and sent it shipment ot 44 varieties of seed went up space exploration, is just one of the many into orbit for 194 hours in March of last in the maiden voyage of the Challenger on plant-related projects made possible by year. The results were inconclusive: A April 4, 1983, and the seeds returned to the unique facilities of NASAs space substantial reduction of lignification occurred Earth five days later with no significant loss shuttles. The cultivation ol plants in space in the rnung-be.-;n ?eealhgs out. curiously, of vitality. Indeed, the globe-circling seeds is finally becoming commonplace. not among the pines or oats, Cowles, subsequently germinated normally and

NASA itselt is funding most of this however, thinks that if the flight had been grew to maturity in the special "space research as a part of its dynamic space- lorge'. ignfica'.ion -night also.have garden" the company planted in Greenwood biology program. Not surprisingly, initial been reduced in the other seedlings. And the following summer. Currently, Park has projects are ernonasizng questions about he is sending more pine and mung-bean 1.9 billion seeds, representing 120 varieties terrestrial botany. For instance, gravity. of plants, in orbit aboard NASAs Long an inescapable force on Earth, is known to Duration Exposure Facility, an 11-ton satellite play a critical role in shaping plant growth the size of a Greyhound bus, which was and development. But just how it interacts deployed from the Challenger on April 7 of with the plants is not entirely clear. By using this year. These seeds, which are orbiting the cargo bays of the shuttles as laborato- at an altitude of 297 miles, will be e. ries, scientists can now observe plants to. the space environment for almost a growing in the near-total absence of gravity. year before they are retrieved. The data they have collected may radically Jim Alston, Park Seed's research director, redefine gravity's role. is primarily interested in the valuable A leader in this research, Allan Brown is mutations that may result from the seeds' the head of a team of University of Pennsyl- exposure to massive doses of cosmic vania scientists who were the first to germi- radiation. Park, on the other hand, is fasci- nate and grow plants on the space shuttles. nated by the possibilities of long-term

Brown has been investigating the effect . storage of seeds in space. of gravity on circumnutation (the spiral, "The data we've collected so far," says twisting movements plants make as they Park, "indicate we could have taken seeds grow). Charles Darwin, who believed up in a burlap sack and floated them that circumnutation was generated by some around, for five days anyway, with no signif- internal plant mechanism, studied the icant damage." Exposure to vacuum phenomenon in the 1870s. Since then, seems to induce a very deep dormancy in however, most plant physiologists have seeds, and Park speculates that they come to believe that circumnutation is a could float in space almost indefinitely response to gravity. Following a series of without losing their viability. If he's right, our preliminary tests. Brown sent a complex nation's seed banks may one day find a environmental laboratory aloft in Spaceiab .-/.."' ir\g gardens y'.".'S bo'.anisls nevs i'miqa!:;. permanent home in space. DQ 22 OMNI ——

BOOKS THE ART By Brian McKernan

^^k mericans die irom exposure to settled on the small towns of soulhwestern changing any. so they follow along that line #«i^k fallout from their own govern- Utah, exposing the people living there to and make a gripping story. It's a novelistic m » merit's A-bomb tests. The ghost carcinogenic levels of radiation. A 30- technique, except that I'm not writing fiction." of a dead pilot haunts airliners similar to year legal battle between area residents Fuller's talent for finding solid stories the one on which he perished. A nuclear- and the Atomic Energy Commission reached has been evident since his first books, The plant meltdown threatens a major American a turning point on May 10 ol this year Gentleman Conspirators (Grove Press, collusion city. A Brazilian peasant, possessed by a only weeks after the book's publication 1962), an account of corporate -industry officials, spirit, performs miraculous surgery. A when a federal-district-court judge in involving elect nca and The unflatter- New England couple is abducted by extra- Salt Lake City ruled that the government Money Changers (Dial, 1962), an terrestrials. French villagers eat poisonous was guilty of negligence in conducting Ihe ing expose of Wall Street. In 1966, Fuller bread and suffer mass insanity. tests. The fallout was the "proximate published Incident at Exeter (Putnam), the Story ideas for Hollywood fantasies? Two cause" of ten cancer deaths, the judge first of his books io explore whaf he calls of them have already been made into ruled. The decision may affect hundreds of "the edges of reality." movies, and the rest have been optioned similar lawsuits. "I had read several newspaper articles by various producers. What they share "There was a constant stream of news of sightings of UFOs in Exeter, New

recounts. "Curious, I is that each is a brief description of a full- reports over the years concerning this, but Hampshire," Fuller length work of nonfiction written by best- they hadn't all been collected and put went up there to find out what was happen- selling investigative author and "gentleman into a single file," Fuller states. "It's a tense ing but not to take anybody's word for it. is journeyman journalist" John G. Fuller, and dramatic story, the kind I like to do. The worst thing to get suckered in on a

It lot of reader inierest and impact on phony story. After six weeks of research "By that description, I mean I take my has a

I had seen craft seriously but have no pretensions of the current scene. I feel that an awful lot realized that the people who being a great literary figure." Fuller explains. of nonfiction just assembles facts instead of these UFOs were rational, intelligent, and

in observers. I wrole the book as straight "I get excited and cannot resist going telling a true story accurately and good alter a story that's strange and slightly far- dramatic terms. Drama is an essential part journalism." Fuller concludes the book logical I with the statement that "the out, as long as it shows definite! responsible of every important issue today. like to most leads and has a rich fund of solid, down- take a story that has a solid backbone to it but still unprovable explanation is that to-earth material documentation to go with and then structure the facts, without UFOs are interplanetary spaceships under control." it. Without documentation, the story is intelligent While in Hampshire Fuller met Betty utterly useless. With it, it is intriguing." New Fuller could easily be mistaken for a and Barney Hill, a Portsmouth couple tenured college professor, his handsome whose story of a close encounter he would profile enhanced by gray hair and beard later describe in The Interrupted Journey and his ever-present pipe. He resides with (Putnam, 1966). Supposedly abducted, his wife, Elizabeth (also an author), and examined, and then released by courteous, two-year-old son, Christopher, in the metallic humanoids, the couple, amnesiac Cheeveresque Connecticut town of Weston. at first, later remembered the experience in

Fuller is a former columnist for the Saturday a series of nightmares. In the wake of * Review, the author of two Broadway sensational newspaper reports, the Hills comedies, an accomplished documentary sought Fuller to document their case filmmaker, and the recipient of a 1971 accurately. Much of the book consists of Emmy award for his work as a producer of transcriptions of their testimony, given the PBS-TV series The Great American under hypnosis, to their psychiatrist. "They Dream Machine. impressed me as very intelligent people. It's interesting story I've ever II is Fuller's 20 nonfiction books, however, the most

it. I wrote the for which he is best known. His latest, The run into, I have no answer for Day We Bombed Utah (New American book to leave it up to the reader." Library), an expanded version of his May Not wanting to be typecast as a writer 1983 Omni article, details the author's specializing in UFOs, Fuller next wrote The investigation into an alleged government Day of St. Anthony's Fire (Macmillan, cover-up of-the lethal effects of aboveground 1968). It's a true story of ergotism, a nuclear testing in Nevada from 1951 until poisoning brought on by eating foods 1962, Poisonous clouds of fallout from corrupted by ergot fungus, which contains these detonations drifted eastward and John G. Fuller: dramatic, true stories. substances similar to those in LSD, On "

August 17, 195:. hundreds of people in the him that the story was worlh investigating was one of my b ggest sellers The airline in town of Pont-Saint- Esprit, southern "I'm in the film business, and I could tell hated it; they tried to stop the book from

France, became sick and subsequently they weren't faked. During research, I my being sold," Fuller says. "As for me, I don't sufiered from convulsions hallucina- total disbelief in and changed trom all this I believe say o( disbelieve he 401 story. I tions. They had all eaten bread made from to provisional acceptance of the possibility reported what happened, what people rotting rye grain. that this really result happened." The of said, and the recalled dialogue. I

"I for five in Fuller's r was there months 1968, and investigation is Arigo: Surgeon oi evaluated testimony acco d ng to where it the' anguish that had hit that town was the Rusty Knile (T, Y Crowell, 1974), and came from and examined evidence as so intense that people could vividly recall according to The Kirkus Reviews. "This carefully as any open-minded person what happened, including actual dialogue, immaculately objective report will unnerve would." A stev an less as: ng .villi which I used in the book. Many people even the most stalwart skeptic research later became Fuller's wife. My are still institutionalized, thirty-three years Alter this unnerving story. Fuller wrote a Search for the Ghost of Flight 401 (Berkley, later, because of this incident." terrifying one. We Almost Lost Detroit 1978) is Elizabeth Fuller's story of how The term St. Anthony's fire originated in (T, Y Crowell/Reader's Digest Press, 1975) the manifestations eventually ceased. the Middle Ages, when ergotism was not oescr.bes the events leading up to the Fuller's subsequent cooks continued to uncommon. "The doctors investigating this near meltdown in 1966 ol the Enrico Fermi present incredible stories described 1951 case studied medieval manuscripts a:om c-power -eactor. 30 miles from factually ana factua- stor es oordering on to check the symptoms. The book was Detroit. The book traces the hisliyy of the incredible. The Poison That Felt From the 'translated into several languages but never commercial nuclear- fission power (including Sky (Random House, 1978) describes into French," Fuller reveals. The powerful six accidents at various piants since 1952). the tragedy of Seveso, Italy, a town that was government-sponsored flour monopoly the suppression of a sobering Atomic contaminated and made permanently blamed the disaster on mercury poisoning. Energy Commission report on the conse- uninhabitable when a local chemical plant and for 14 years they fought the claims of quences ol potential nuclear mishaps, exploded and released a.cloud of the the victims' association, with whom Fuller and the month-long struggle by technicians deadly chemical dioxin. Time magazine shared the book's royalties. called the book "a first-rate piece of report- Fuller's next three books further.estab- ing"." The Airmen Who Would Not Die lished his credentials as a solid investigative (Putnam, 1979) otters controversial evidence reporter. The unusual story of The Great of life after death. Are the Kids All Right? Soul Trial (Macmillan. 1969) documents the (TimesBooks, 1981) investigates the tragic 4/ apply the 1967 Arizona court case that sought to 1979 Who concert in Cincinnati during satisfy an anonymous will granting a quarter- same kinds of yardsticks which 11 young people were asphyxiated. million dollars to anyone who could prove And Passport Anywhere any skeptic to (Times Books, the existence ot the human soul. In lieu 1983) is the remarkable story of the books of actual prool, the legacy was eventually would apply. The difference coauthor, travel entrepreneur Lars Eric donated to the American Society for Lindblad. is that I Psychical Research. Case histories ol Now that the events of The Day We feel I'm a benevolent harmful. ingredients in foods, drugs, and Bombed Utah have been revealed, has cosmetics were hstec m 200.000,000 skeptic instead Fuller run out of dramatic, true stories Guinea Pigs (G. P 1972), Putnam's Sons. a to tell? "Definitely not, ' he answers. "The of a destructive oneT> book that warned of food colorings. PCBs, Buddhists and the adepts in the East have and saccharine year:; before they were some fantastic mysteries, and particle headline news. And \n Fever:.' The Hunt tor physics seems to be the biggest puzzle of a New Killer Virus (Reader's Digest Press/E. all. The closer scientists examine matter, .

P Dutton, 1974) readers learned of the the more it appears, to be nonexistent." race by African missionary doctors and 'O aver! disaster a! :he Fermi plant. Says Not surprisingly, of the many topics Fuller American virologists to idon;iiy and stop the Fuller, "The people who made me aware of has tackled, his studies of the paranormal deadly outbreak of Lassa fever in Nigeria the dangers of nuclear power were the have brought him the most criticism. Some in 1969. "It was one of the hardest books I've people in the industry. What they said behind reviewers contend that these books harm ever researched," Fuller recalls. "I had to closed doors was terrifying." A review by his overall credibility. "The journalism on all go about as deep into the middle of Africa the Atomic Industrial I orum seated that my books is exact y "he same and equally as you can get. I'm a hypochondriac. Fuller "tells his novellike story in a. straight- as thorough, regardless of the subject terrible forward and Lassa is a disease; so I was s'yle comparatively free of matter." Fuller replies. "I've been criticized scared to death. Bui it turned out to be one emotion and exaggerated rhetoric that for examining UFOs and psychic stuff, of favorite books." Britain's Scien- my New usually accompany those accounts. . . . but I've developed a pretty thick skin over tist urged its readers to "buy, borrow, or Even nuclear veterans snouid be impressed the years, and I'm confident that any story steal" a copy. with his research." I do, I'm doing solidly. Returning from Nigeria, Fuller detoured While on (lights for a publicity tour for We "The worst enemies of nlelfgent research to Brazil to invesiigale the story of the Almost Lost Detroit , Fuller heard rumors into unexplained phenomena are the total late Jose Pedro de Freitas, or Arigo, a concerning apparilions seen on planes skeptics, who pe-suade people :o dismiss all peasant with little formal education who belonging to a major U.S. airline. Three years evidence out of hand, and the gullible claimed to be guided by thespirit of a earlier, in 1972, a jumbo jet had crashed suckers, who Pel eve evoryhing and physician. alleg- filing "0" deceased German Arigo in the Florida Everglades irresponsibly report it. There's got to be a edly miracles, delicate worked performing uassengers arc crew. Vlonlhs later, the balance. I apply the same kinds of yardsticks and painless surgery using an unste'rilized ghost of one of the oiiots was reported seen as any skeptic would apply. The only penknife. His patients were predominantly planes on that had been fitted with parts difference is that I feel I'm a benevolent poor, but they also included a Brazilian savaged from the wreck. skeptic instead o- a destructive one." senator and the daughter ot a former Despite tear of jeopardizing their jobs, Does the criticism ever cause Fuller to president of that country. many airline employees Ink;: ot their wish he hadnl none he strange and slightly

"When I learned of Arigo I thought it encounters with this benevolent spirit. The far-out stories? "Sometimes, yes, mainly sounded too far-out," Fuller recalls. But films ghost's warnings are alleged to have because it would have been less of a of Arigo work, at made by a joint US.- averted disaster more than once. headache. Bui on the other hand, it wouldn't Brazilian medical team, finally convinced 'The Ghost of Flight 401 [Berkley, 1978] have been" as much fun. "DO 28 OMNI Help someone read and write better with these free guides from International Paper.

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PAINTING THE ARTS By Gregory Paul

^^^ ecoming a dinosaur artist was This is a good time to be working on efforts to find dinosaur i

|C^K easy. When I was a kid. my dinosaurs. During the initial dinosaur I entered this rejuvenated field in the mmmm great-aunt Laurel, an artist- rush at the turn of the century, dinosaurs late Seventies, first as a volunteer at naturalist herself, taught me that tyranno- were a serious scientific and intellectual the Smithsonian Institution, then in an saurus is pronounced ty-ran-nosaurus, proposition, their evolution being a subject informal arrangement with Robert Bakker

not !ry-an-o-saurus I to of (an the theory that : as was prone say vigorous discussion and debate. At advocate of dinosaurs it. I've been drawing dinosaurs ever that time some of the best-known restora- were warm-blooded), at Johns Hopkins

I since can remember. Most young tions of dinosaurs were created by University. I am not just illustrating children are fascinated by dinosaurs, Charles R. Knight. But dinosaurs became dinosaurs. Most dinosaur restorations are which isn't surprising. Although fragmen- victims of their own success, indeed, of the products of limited research or, even tary remains of dinosaurs were first their very size. Dinosaurs were so popular worse, are copies of inaccurate originals, discovered in Europe during the 1830s, with the people that they took on a bit so they are not of much help. I've always the first complete dinosaur skeletons of a circus air, and by the Thirties scientists wanted to know what dinosaurs really

were found during the expansion into the were shying away from studying them. looked like, so I have. undertaken research western American territories in the late Things have picked up since the Sixties, on their structure, locomotion, physiology, 1800s. Revealed in this dramatic way to however. The Poles and Mongolians and so on. the American public, they became a have mounted major dino expeditions Though one can never know exactly part of our frontier past. Although most into central Asia, crews have reexplored what dinosaurs looked like, my research kids, as they reach their teens and the dinosaur beds of the western United allows me to present my conception of adulthood, become disinterested in States, and new material has come to light an alien but very real past world by dinosaurs, these creatures nevertheless from Argentina. Among the new finds: combining original science and original populate our political jargon, roam through "sickle-clawed" predatory forms and tiny art in what I hope are accurate and our comics, and figure in the debate "rabbit" dinosaurs that challenge the esthetically pleasing illustrations. Because between science and fundamentalists. old theories and suggest that dinosaurs of the lack of attention that dinosaurs

And if you ever wish to get on the evening were active-, agile, birdlike, warm-blooded received tor so long, the field is wide open. news, all you have lo do is publish a animals. This brought controversy and Even many of the basic and famous new theory about what killed them off. more curiosity and in turn spurred more dinosaur genera— allosaurus, camara- saurus, triceratops, stegosaurus, ankylo- saurus, brachiosaurus, and others have never been restored properly. Such newly found dinosaurs as yangchuano- saurus, mamenchisaurus, ouranosaurus, and lagosuchus offer new opportunities for restorations In fact, whole new faunas, many including babies, herdtike concen- trations of remains, and other discoveries, are coming to light.

I will restore a particular dinosaur for a number of reasons; for a commission, for a technical paper, or often just because

I want to see how it will come out. Take Stegosaurus stenops. A delightfully bizarre being with plates and spines that can put any imaginary alien to shame,

it has been known since the 1870s and is the subject of many illustrations. A number of skeletons are also on display, but these are composite mounts made from more than one individual. At the

Smithsonian I often walked past one of

these skeletons. Virtually complete, it's

shown as it was found, lying on its side, partly disarticulated. In all these decades CONTINUED ON PAGE 170 )

TELEVISION THE ART5 By Douglas Stein

usk is beautiful in Beirut: the rich, "These eyes are evidence of the vivid shocking adventures occur in faraway dry perfume of earth and sky; and highly energized quality of the viewers' America, among fabulously rich people of

the air, bracing and languorous; memories," Moore says, "and reveal a a provincial area. "This is not the story the etched quality of the facades along strong involvement with the fantasy Da//as of a Carnegie, or a rich oil sheikh on the winding streets, the brightly clothed brings them. Further," she adds, "these Strait of Hormuz," Moore reminds us. "This passersby. A mortar blast levels three details corroborate ideas in contemporary is nor Krupp and son of Krupp. Shake- storefronts, scarcely two kilometers away, neurophysiology about television's poten- speare could parade his tales of murder the filigree of ash lazily undulating against tiality for leaping over the linear logic of the and incest before the English people the fading light. Conversations barely brain's left hemisphere to communicate because the nobility depicted had been break stride, lightly accented by the crackle with the substrata of perceptions and dead for centuries: They were remote of sparring Uzis and AK-47 rifles. Suddenly memories in the right hemisphere. So if the in time. You can attribute to figures far off in the balconies empty as the entire city emotional events in the show, as well as space or time all kinds of outrageous crouches before thousands of TV sets. The its personalities, are all valid in the viewers' behavior, legitimizing and rationalizing your curfew is called Dallas. imaginations, their critical and reality- curiosity and enjoyment, because it's not Weekly segments, aired in Lebanon and oriented faculties are pushed aside. And the here and now. This is not," she adds, "at elsewhere beyond Europe, are broadcast then the viewers can contentedly wallow in all like gossip." in tongues unknown to the American viewer. the program's multiple levels of avarice J. R. Ewing, the Machiavellian power lord Episodes are often radically censured, and confrontation, reconciliation and regret." and head of the rich Texas oil family, was with denunciations hurled against the show The viewers who didn't draw big eyes of course the character most frequently by cultural and religious leaders. Yet often went to the opposite extreme. The eyes sketched by men. Only one woman in the

Dallas, in its fifth year, is a worldwide smash were mere pinpoints, suggesting a defen- sample drew him. The J.R. drawings depict hit. It is syndicated in 86 countries; its sive "squinting against much of what they an enormous figure with monstrously well-hooked fans number 300,000,000. see, or a busily whirring left hemisphere, broad shoulders. 'All the male characteristics

What is this thoroughly American soap eager to get everything going on in the are grotesquely exaggerated," Moore opera's irresistible global appeal? episode straight in their minds." says. "The weight of his personality is Dallas's enormous popularity has become The device offered for viewers to suspend emphasized by the fact that he's not often the focus of studies by social scientists disbelief in Dallas is a common one; These drawn full length, but is 'bigger than life,' around the world, and the show is being too big for some viewers to get on an scrutinized by specialists in Italy, France, ordinary sheet of paper or to effectively Indonesia, India, and Saudi Arabia. The miniaturize." And the same is true of Sue show's cross-cultural appeal intrigued clini- Ellen, J.R's wife, who is more often depicted cal psychologist Harriett Moore, a longtime by the women in the study. TV researcher who now resides in the In some viewers' private worlds, J.R. is Indiana Dunes. She became professionally heroic because he so memorably demon- involved with the show when an interna- strates the freedom to do what he wishes, tional psychologist asked her to study 100 to be impulsive and to submit to no authority drawings of Da//as characters, sketched beyond impersonal law and nature. Many by foreign viewers. The drawings had been worldwide studies show that this concept of collected along with comprehensive inter- "the privileged" being totally free is a uni- views designed to throw light on the versal image held by all "nonelite" peoples. viewers' relationships with the show. The Foreigners see the Ewing family as drawings, Moore explains, "are like X rays broad, extended—as families are in most that reveal to the expert reader clues to of the rest of the world. The avarice, what lies beyond and around the spoken impulsiveness, and individual aggressions memories. The drawings include information are made plausible by the presumed unfamiliar to the viewer's own awareness." liberties assigned to those of great wealth, Moore found one striking similarity in a privilege, and power. (As far as J.R.'s majority of the Da//as drawings, regardless character is concerned, Larry Hagman, the of the rest of the details or the viewers' actor who plays the nefarious schemer, evaluations. The eyes in the sketches were once commented on the Phil Donahue TV huge, up to several times their anatomically show that he knows lots of Texans who correct size, and drawn with far more vigor are meaner than J.R and completeness than the other features. J. ft: Male characteristics exaggerated. To those who don't identify with J.R. as 32 OMNI CONTINUED ON PAGE 15S —

NETWORK LOVE nniruD By Stanley Milgram

Suppose you picked any two names close relative who knows a congressman or I begin by calling up the CB simulator at random from the 240 million a friend of a congressman. And the channel. Once you log on to this, it's like

people who live in the United congressman, if he doesn't know Reagan listening to a CB radio with many people States and tried to link the two using a chain personally, most likely knows someone who online. The only difference is that instead of of acquaintances. For example, you would does. So between you and the President the dulcet voices of truckers, the conversation contact a friend, who in turn would contact a are just three or four intermediaries. is seen in the form of green-phosphor letters friend, and so on until the target person This is a perfect example of a network, a on the computer screen. To the was reached. How many links would be system with many interconnections. It uninitiated, all is confusion, the visual needed before the two people chosen also shows how it is possible to hop from equivalent of the mindless, could be hooked up? one point in the net—even a very large buzzing cacophony of a cocktail party. When people are asked about this they net—to another. People have always formed At first, the screen displays a bewildering often say that it might take 100 or more these networks as circles of acquain- assortment of messages. They zip across intermediaries. But the actual number is tances— people who knew other people. the screen, each preceded by an identifying quite different. While at Harvard, I carried and used them to meet people who could "handle." looloo, ahielle, the sage, and out experiments on this so-called small- help them get ahead, to obtain information, sharp dressed man are all online this

world problem. I chose people in Nebraska, or simply to meet new people. evening. I type in a message asking whether Kansas, California, and a person in Massa- This' form of networking is not new. What anyone wants to talk about networking. chusetts and traced links of acquaintances is new and will change networking from Within seconds my question is flashed on between them. My studies showed that now until well into the twenty-first century is computer screens around the country. any two strangers in the United States can the computer. Today, using telephone The Sage, a networker from Atlanta, quickly be linked by an average of only five or lines, microcomputers can be linked to one answers with technical info on the subject. six intermediate acquaintances. another in a net, forming an aggregate But our conversation is interrupted by According to this finding, you probably computer larger than the earlier mainframes. irrelevant messages from other people—the could link yourself to the President using a To check into the current state of this form urgent query any girls on the line? keeps short chain of acquaintances. Chances of networking, I dial my home computer reappearing most often on the screen—just are you don't know Ronald Reagan person- into CompuServe, which is one of the as ambient chatter at a singles' bar ally, but you might have a good friend or main services that link home computers. intrudes into a conversation. The Sage proposes we go onto a private channel and continue our teletyped conversation uninterrupted. He discusses some technical issues of networking, gives me some names to contact, and tries electronically to round up others to join our discussion. Computer networking gives the user a chance to contact a wide range of people who might otherwise not be accessible, but basic problems of human communica- tion remain. Without being able to see the person or hear his voice, the user knows him only as an abstraction, an alien intelli- gence from another galaxy. In these conversations, the most elemental human characteristics need to be clarified. In one exchange Red Baron says to

Pepper: i am male, and i am twenty, how about you? Pepper responds: male fifteen.

Red Baron is not thrilled with this revelation, bye, pepper is his only response. Frowns, smiles, grimaces, gestures, gender cues, and tone of voice are all eliminated on the computer. For example,

when I ask The Sage questions that require thought, he types in the word hmmmmm

CONTINUED ON PAGE 14B TOUCH THE SEA EXPLDRATDfU5 By Louise Cooper

s the large, purple-mouthed moray probably ^^\ not a bad idea, but for Scarr, the dirt from our skin. When they were eel swims upward toward J^^K us, observation alone has never been enough. finished, we reached down and touched # » baring its sharply pointed teeth, "During years of interacting with sea the anemones. Their nematocysts, too all but one of our small group of divers animals," she says, "I have found out for weak to sting, reached out in a gentle recoil. The brave one is Dee Scarr, an myself how benign they can really be. The rippling motion to pull our fingers toward ocean-trained naturalist and leader of our more one learns, the more natural it their hidden mouths. We fed them tiny bits party. She holds out a chunk of hotdog, becomes to touch." of hotdog, which they devoured quickly. which the eel grabs and eats. Then it winds In 1977 Scarr, a former English teacher, Since she began diving off Bonaire, itself around Scarr's neck, wanders down worked as a diving guide in San Salvador, Scarr has developed some long-term through her buoyancy-control vest, where developed she a devoted clientele friends. A red hind (a small fish of the and meanders contentedly out. among divers who liked her ability to help grouper family) Scarr calls Darling was first Despite the danger, close encounters of them interact with sea animals. She was rather wary of divers but soon was allowing this kind are exactly the reason we are lured to the island of Bonaire, off the coast them to tickle its chin and stroke its silky- diving with Scarr. Since 1981 she has been of Venezuela, by the more than 100 easily smooth body. Each time Scarr dives on running specially designed scuba-diving accessible and varied diving sites and Darling's reef, the now very affectionate programs for people who would like to by the government, which has encouraged grouper appears for food and cuddling. see—and touch— aquatic wildlife. Called and supported protection ot marine life. Similarly, a peacock flounder— so named Touch the Sea, the program is the antithesis our first On dive, Scarr introduced us to for the iridescent blue and turquoise spots of most diving regimes that warn novices more stationary animals. She led us to on its back—came up to Scarr one day to avoid touching such potentially dangerous the base of a coral where multicolored sea and accepted a handout. The next day creatures as sea urchins, tire coral, anemones were attached, their tentacles Scarr went back to the same spot, and the anemones, scorpion fish, snakes, eels, waving slowly with the movement of the flounder, which Scarr dubbed Oliver Twist, barracuda, and bristle worms. Even veteran current. A closer look revealed several reappeared. Scarr has also befriended divers rarely approach these denizens of "cleaner" shrimp, which live among the a spotted moray called Adelle Davis. the deep, preferring to have at least a camera anemones' tentacles. As each of us held a A piscine cousin of the famed natural-foods between themselves and the animals. hand above the anemones, several shrimp proponent, it refuses holdogs and will eat On the whole, such precautions are glided onto our fingers and began cleaning only fresh fish. Over the past several years, Scarr's underwater family has expanded to include D'Artagnan, a French angelfish; King Midas, a trumpet fish; and Perceval, a pudding wife. Even stingrays have been friendly, not at all the aggressive animals they are often made out to be. Scarr once encountered a large ray with a hook protruding from one wing. A tentative tug

did not dislodge it; so she swam off to get a wire cutter. She returned and removed

the hook. The ray must have been in

considerable pain, but it never threatened to bite. The only sea creature, in fact, that Scarr will not approach is the shark. "They

are just too dangerous, " she says, Scarr sees the ocean as perhaps the earth's final frontier and would like to see

humans approach it with respect. 'As more people don scuba gear to enter the world of the reef," she writes in her recently

published book Touch the Sea, "there will always be those of us who try to understand and belong rather than simply explore

and conquer. ... I want to be accepted by Dee Scarr teaches her divers to touch the untouchable: 'here, a long-spined sea urchin. the creatures of the sea as one of them. "DO — ,

NATURAL ENEMIES THE BDDM

By 'Susan Ellis

our quest for a longer, healthier life, we rooms, and honey among them— contain lism are molecular fragments called oxygen Inclose nuclear-power plants, ban dozens minute amounts of cancer-causing agents. radicals, or free radicals. Highly reactive, of pesticides, scorn products containing Even the seemingly benign herb teas we these molecules bombard ceils and choke additives and preservatives, and opt for drink and the peanut butter we eat have them off from moisture and nourishment. the natural in our diets. At least one bio- carcinogens in them. As the cells' lifelines dry up, toxic wastes are chemist, however, suggests that we may Grilled meats fall into the same category. locked in, and eventually the cells shrivel be iocusing on the wrong offenders. When seared, protein is converted into a and grow rigid.

"I think it's somewhat misleading that carcinogen. Eating that broiled burger Some scientists suspect that wrinkles, newspapers are always reporting on toxic or charred steak, we ingest a higher level flaccid skin, and stiff joints may result, damage," says Bruce Ames, chairman of carcinogens than does a resident of Los in part, from oxygen radicals. Over time, of the department of biochemistry at the Angeles who has been breathing smog ' they batter and finally distort the body's University of California at Berkeley. For for a year. Fried bacon and coffee also have most sensitive programmer of health, years Ames concentrated his studies on large amounts of burned material, as do deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Harm to the such man-made chemicals as Tris, which cigarettes. Bui although scientists can body's genetic code may in turn contribute was found in children's sleepwear, and measure amounts of carcinogens in foods, to cancer, heart disease, senility, and a on carcinogens in certain hair dyes. He also they have not yet learned how significant host of other diseases associated with warned people that the high levels of these carcinogens really are. aging, according to Ames and his ethylene dibromide tound in many California Ames stresses that it would be prema- workplaces represented a possible carcin- ture—and possibly unnecessary— for "It's still not proved that the oxygen ogenic risk. Once he began examining people to give up their favorite foods. "I just radical is a major contributor to aging and the carcinogens in natural substances, want people to put the guestion of man- cancer," stresses Ames. "But the evidence is however, he decided to shift his emphasis, made versus natural carcinogens in starting to support this." Richard Cutler, a as did many researchers in the field. The perspective," he says. research scientist at the National Institute of public thinks that just a few man-made According to Ames, the way we metabo- Aging, concurs. "The idea that oxygen chemicals are damaging us," adds Ames. lize food may account for the majority of radicals are important in determining aging "Actually, they're a drop in the bucket carcinogens and mutagens in our body. remains highly speculative, but we think compared with the number of natural Among the by-products of normal metabo-. it's the best bet yet," he says. carcinogens in the environment." Fortunately, the body can inhibit the

That's the bad news. Balancing it, Ames effects of oxygen radicals. Certain protective points out that nature probably also substances, called antioxidants, render provides an abundance of substances that oxygen radicals harmless. Epidemiologists protect us from carcinogens. and researchers conducting animal- More than a decade ago, Ames devel- cancer studies are finding these protective oped a test for detecting mutagens (agents factors in food containing vitamin E, beta that alter genetic material) in various carotene, ascorbic acid, and the mineral substances. Since then. Ames and other selenium. (In animal studies, selenium has scientists have discovered that nearly been shown to be anticarcinogenic.) all chemicals that cause cancer first show Ames believes that there are other such up as mutagens. From his studies, Ames chemicals yet to be discovered. concludes that most mutagens and carcin- "There's a lot of evidence beginning to ogens— as many as 99 percent are point to the fact that our diet is lull of both likely to be natural. He's now convinced carcinogens and anticarcinogens," says that the "bulk of cancer isn't coming from Ames. By identifying these, scientists may man-made chemicals. All the evidence eventually be able to give people additional suggests that it's coming from other guidelines for avoiding cancer and, in sources," he says. some instances, extending a human's life It's well-known that smoking is linked to span. Ames expects tremendous gains approximately 3D percent of all cancer during the next decade toward under- deaths in the United States and that diets standing the body's biochemistry relative high in fiber and" low in fat most likely help to to cancer and aging. "I wouldn't be lessen the risk of cancer. But few people surprised," he remarks, "if there were some realize that a number of foods— celery, general contribution made to the popula- parsley, parsnips, rhubarb, mustard, mush- Ptvjoaio lisrr ,',' :oo contains carcinogens. tion's life expectancy very soon. "DO —

THE DATA DELUGE ARTIFICIAL IfUTELLIGERJCE

ByAlvin Toffler

^^k ^^ illions of words have been all the industrial nations, from Japan at one the underlying structure of society. 'I I written aboui the Information end to Europe and the United States at Whereas throughout the industrial past I %J I Revolution. Bui very little the other, there was. until recently, a very the main thrust of change was toward analysis has been devoted to its causes. high degree of what might be called greater homogenization, today we are Why are we now entering what some call the "massness," or uniformity. rapidly moving toward "heterogenization." Information Age? Why no! 100 years ago, This much-criticized homogenization of For example, we are now moving beyond

or, for that matter, 100 years from now? life was often attributed to technology: it mass production to computer-based custom It is, of course, always difficult to establish was the machine that was depriving us of production. The new technologies favor the causaiion of any great historical devel- individualism. Indeed, thousands of novels, diversity and shorf runs, rather than the

opment, but I believe that the hidden fuel of stories, and science-fiction scenarios long, uniform runs made necessary by (he Information Revolution is a combustive assured us that the more advanced our precomputer industrial mechanization. mixture of diversity and accelerated change. technologies became, the more standard- In commerce, we are moving from mass Since approximately the mid-Fifties Jzed and uniform we would become as marketing to market segmentation. In we've been experiencing the crack-up of people. This idea became a standard part society, we are moving from the nuclear the old industrial mass society. In scores of of our intellectual equipment. family as the single, socially approved tields, from technology to ethnicity, we The truly revolutionary fact of our time. model of family life to a variety of family see deepening diversity— more variety of however, is that the entire process of forms. In communications, we see the types, sizes, and models ot goocls and massification has now reversed itself. Rather once-powerful broadcast networks losing services; more varied art forms; more than becoming more alike, we are breaking audiences, while cable and alternative specialization of labor; more diverse family up the old mass structures and processes. media— all based on small, rather than styles; more numerous ethnic, racial, and A wholly different, more complex social mass, audiences— gain. We are beginning group identities; more varied technical sysfem is arising to replace the mass society to break the grip of the mass media as processes; more special-interest newsletters that was the social embodiment of the we move beyond the stage of mass society. and channels for electronic narrowcasting; Industrial Age. Today's revolution is not just In a word, we are de-massifying the

a greater variety of corporate organizational a matter of more or better machines; it is mass society. We are piecing together a forms, military weapons, and political- accompanied by a fundamental change in more differentiated society, made up Of pressure groups of all stripes. more varied components. And that requires Diversity is breaking out all over, and this far more information to pulse back and sudden increase of heterogeneity at every. forth among the components. level is cracking the old, familiar structures of Imagine a simple biological organism

the Industrial Age. an earthworm, for instance. It has few Over the past 300 years, the Industrial differentiated parts. Contrast that with a Revolution gave rise to a chain of intercon- human: We have lungs and lymph glands, nected mass societies from Europe and cortex and cornea, and thousands of North America to east Asia. These are other interrelated, functionally specialized

societies based on mass production, mass parts. For all these parts to interact properly, distribution, mass education, mass media, vast amounts of "information" must flow mass entertainment, and mass political through the body in the form of electrical movements— not to mention weapons of pulses, chemical bursts, and hormonal mass destruction. They are societies built on secretions, each of which represents a a blue-collar way of life. message— so that a certain neural pulse, In blue-collar societies, millions of people for example, tells the muscle-to contract arise more or less at the same hour, or the eye to dilate. These messages contain commute to work in unison, tend the information, and tremendous amounts of machines in sync with one another, return information need to be routed through

home, watch the same TV program as their the body if its parts are to be synchronized neighbors, and turn out the lights— all in or coordinated with one another. a kind of mass rhythm. People tend to And the more specialized or diverse the - dress alike, live'in cookie-cutter apartments, parts of the body, the more information and share the values of their next-door is needed to function well. There's more neighbors. In short, while this may be information flowing through our bodies than something of a caricature, the fact is that in through the body of thai earthworm. 42 OMNI —

SATELLITE ASSURANCE

By Douglas Starr

rocket was a modified version soon after the satellites were jettisoned, Barrett first devised space insurance in The rockets in each of them failed. the mid-Sixties, when he was a struggling of the trusty Atlas-Centaur; the payload, a commercial satellite But the losses of 1984— nearly $300 insurance broker. Business was so slow called Intelsat 5 A. In all respects, the June million —were more than some insurers that Barrett spent afternoons in a Washing- 9. 1984, launch promised to be routine. could possibly sustain. Rates escalated. The ton, DC, restaurant playing bridge. Then But 23 minutes after liftoff, the instruments number of insurers began to dwindle. one day he read a newspaper article about at ground control showed that something And finally, in June, the industry simply froze. Comsat, the new national satellite com- had gone awry. The second stage had "Geez, it's a zoo out there," says James pany. All companies insure their investments, fizzled, tumbling the $102 million satellite W. Barrett, president of International he knew, and Comsat represented the into a useless low-altitude orbit.' Technology Underwriters, Inc. (INTEC), the first use of private money in space. But it insured its It was bad news for the satellite's owners. world's only insurance underwriter devoted appeared that Comsat had not But for the satellite-insurance business, exclusively to space. The problem extends multimillion-dollar moons. So Barrett the failure meant a disastrous strike three. beyond a small circle of insurance" men. dropped a dime in the pay phone and In February, two satellites that had been Higher rates. or the absence of insurance demanded to speak to the company's launched from the space shuttle Challenger could stymie private enterprise in space chairman of the board. "He was had been lost. Now this. industry that could bring in billions of dumbfounded," Barrett recalls. "He'd never Fo.riwo decades, private insurance dollars and thousands of jobs. heard of insurance for satellites." companies had banded together io cover "No one wants to put down five hundred Soon after, Barrett began designing the launches.of communications and 'million dollars [for equipment in space] policies for Comsat. With most types of weather satellites. Always risky, the space- without first insuring the risk," explains insurance, the premiums from many policy- insurance market had been operating at a Michael Hewins, vice president and general holders pay for the accidents of a relative deficit since 1979, according to Brian G. R. counsel of the brokerage firm of Carroon & few. But Barrett realized that the same Hughes, senior vice president of U.S. Black Inspace, Inc. Adds Stanley Goldberg, rules couldn't hold for satellite insurance. high accident Aviation Underwriters, Inc. It was then that who is the chief of NASAs Studies and For one thing, satellites have a RCAs Satcom 3, which was insured for $77 Economic Analysis branch: "When rate: Five to ten percent never even make million, failed to reach geosynchronous industry moves into space, the insurance it to orbit. And only a few satellites are orbit. The shuttle performed flawlessly, but business will then have to come along." launched each year. With so few policies to collect, insurance companies could get

slaughtered if a single satellite failed. To lessen the risk, Barrett borrowed a strategy from the companies that insure oil tankers, jumbo jets, and other superexpen- sive items. Rather than spread the risk among many clients, as in auto insurance, he divided among a number of underwri- ters the premiums and risks for liability

on Early Bird, Comsat's first communications satellite. That way no one company would

suffer financial disaster if a satellite failed. Two years later, in 1967, Barrett wrote a policy on a series of five Comsat moons. This time he used an additional tactic. Because everyone connected with the project expected at least one moon in the

series to fail, he added a one-satellite deductible. His strategy worked. No insur- ance company had to pay when the first rocket exploded like a pinwheel in space. Ironically, that loss appeared to help

business. "It made a great case for buying insurance," says another broker, who asked not to be identified.

of iaieiine laihres .'nay icii !no space insurance industry. Soon brokers were arranging multimillion- CONTINUED ON PAGE 86 —

FLASHBLASTER BREAMTHRDUEH5

By Bill Lawren

Charging!" shouts physicist John and buildings. Laser light easily cleaned bounces off harmlessly because the white Asmus. He pushes a button on a the capitals on Venice's renowned color will not absorb the white light. Asmus

console and waits a few seconds Campanile in the Piazza San Marco, and it decided that a very bright white light while the transformer builds up electrical helped restore statues in the Como Cathe- might work as elfectiveiy as a pointed laser energy to 4,000 volts. Dangling (ram an arm dral and frescoes in Florence. But the and would be able to clean larger areas at the other end ot what Asmus calls his time involved in restoring larger works of at a time. He began testing a xenon flash Rube Goldberg contraption is a nine-inch art proved to be overwhelming. "If you're lamp, which had been used as the source of xenon Hash lamp capable of producing cleaning an Andrea del Sarto painting, the raw light for the first ruby lasers in the 1,000 limes the candlepower of a car laser's all right because you're accustomed Sixiies. 'All we were really doing," says headlight. Directly underneath the lamp to spending as much as a day to clean Asmus, "was going back from the laser to sits a stainless-steel roller that has been as little as a square inch," Asmus explains. something a bit more rudimentary. In that coaled with a thin film of lipstick-pink "But when you extrapolate a square inch sense, the flashblaster represents both an Plexiglas. Now Asmus yells "Firing!" and a day to cleaning the Winchester Cathedral evolution and a devolution." pushes another button. There is a brilliant or the Parthenon—and these were serious As Asmus began to modify fhe flash flash of light and an ear-piercing bang. suggestions that were made to me— lamp to make it more powerful and capable

This is the third "shot" at the steel roller, and you're starting to talk about a thousand of operating at a wide range of as Asmus examines it, he finds that the years" worth of job security. Well, I didn't wavelengths, practical applications for the Plexiglas film has been evaporated while want to stand around pushing the same flashblaster began to pop up like so many

the steel surface below has remained button for a thousand years, so I started targets in an enormous shooting gallery. unmarred. In what seems like an act of looking for some way to make light work on Asmus and his colleagues were soon magic, Asmus has blasted the Plexiglas a grander scale." swamped with requests from art restorers, molecules apart and vaporized them, White laser light can be used as a cleaner manufacturers, and military contractors. simply by using light. because it is absorbed only by the In addition, a number of steel mills are The machine that accomplishes this feat nonwhile encrustations on an object, which considering using flashblasters to clean oil is called the flashblaster. There are seven then heat up arc disinte-gra:o. When the film from their machinery without having tlashblasters in the world, all of them built by laser light hits the white material, say marble, to use toxic chemicals. The nuclear-power

Asmus and all constructed from "whatever underneath tie black encrustation, it industry is intrigued by the potential of salvage and spare parts were available the flashblaster to clean radioactive corro- at the time." Indeed, the machine he is using sion without having to resort to sandblast- at the moment in a San Diego Laboratory ing, a process that creates more waste in the looks like the concoction of a basement form of radioactive sand. At California's inventor: The power source has its McClellan Air Force Base, plans are being functions on, off, and fire— scratched made to use a robot-drawn group of four crudely on iis.surface, and the cradle flashblasters to strip paint from the wings of in which fhe flashblaster's larget rests is a fighter planes. "We looked into using ramshackle wooden box. But despite lasers," says Manuel Moranie, of McClellan's its Flintstone appearance, the flashblaster physical-sciences lab, "but ihe flashblaster is last becoming one of the most versatile does the same job at only a fraction of innovations in the arsenal of modern applied the cost." (Asmus estimates that the flash- physics. Over the past several years, it blaster can be used for most cleaning has been used to strip rust from the sides applications ai a cost of 25 to 35 cents a of ships and to clean paint from metal square foot, as opposed to anywhere from surfaces. And it is now being tested for what $2.50 to $100 a square foot for the laser.) may be its most vital application: the But the application that most intrigues cleaning of toxic chemicals from contami- Asmus is the cleaning of surfaces that have nated surfaces. been contaminated by toxic chemicals.

Curiously, it was the world of art and art "I'd been reading every day about dioxins restoration that first put Asmus on the and PCBs and yellow rain and the Soviets'

Irail of the flashblaster. The superintendent work with chemical warfare," Asmus says, of galleries in Venice, Italy, approached "and it all frightened me. I'm worried about

Asmus, a pioneer in laser applications, chemical warfare." During the California about using lasers to clean the grime and medfly scare in ihe early Eighties, Asmus pollutants from the city's treasured statuary tried out his flashblaster on malathion,

48 OMNI CONIINUtPON PAGE 170 caruTiniuunn

ACHI THAT ISN'T EVEN WRONG!

I cience is a natural human activity. Preschool children tellectual heroes, whether Newton and Einstein, Pasteur and Wat- illustrate this by asking Such questions as: Why do son, or Darwin and Freud; and try not to take yourseif too seriously. stars is Life its finite that | shine? Why the sky blue? How many words and joys are precious and commodities. Seek

do I have inside me? Not to worry, parents. 12 years niche in science that provides some day-to-day fun

in school will suppress these questions. The child will learn to con- While I am giving advice, let me give you another freebie. Pay form and will grow up to become a lawyer, an accountant, or an attention to your humanities and communication skills. Are Ph.D.'s

M.B.A. Some children, however, will not grow up. They will become literate? I have been responsible for some 54 Ph.D.'s and have scientists (or poets), and it is to these misguided young people rewritten 49 theses. Listen to this masterpiece of mixed metaphors that I would like to offer a few choice bits of advice. from one of my more gifted students: "This field of physics is so

I'm afraid to say it, but a career in science is full of anxiety, pain, virginal that no human eyeball has ever set loot in it." Today more hardship, attacks of hopelessness, and depression. But these are than ever, scientists must communicate with the nonscientific world. punctuated by flashes of exhilaration, laughter, joy, and exultation. Whether you enter the big-science world of high-energy physics These flashes come at unpredictable times. Often they are gen- or become a mathematician who needs only a pencil sharpener erated by the understanding of something new that someone else (which, of course, must be attached to a university), you will be

has created. If, however, you are mortal, like a majority of the sci- dependent upon the public to pay the bill. I have only to remind entists I know, the infinitely sweeter moments come when you your- you that major publishers are still expunging Darwin from biology self discover some new fact about the world. It's astonishing how textbooks because somebody in Texas doesn't like evolution. We often this happens at 3 a.m„ when you are alone and— having have a long way to go in educating the public. -20° learned something profound—you realize that not one of the 4 Still, the thrill remains. Last winter, at 3 a.m., in weather, I billion other people on this planet knows what you do ... or so you made the rounds of experiments at the Fermi National Accelerator hope. Of course, you will hasten to tell them as soon as possible. Laboratory. In a small trailer, I found a graduate student sitting on This is known as publishing. a small electric heater, wearing gloves as he tried to type on a You must also prepare yourself for the shock you will encounter computer console. His eyes revealed a lack of sleep and a 20- when you make that great leap to the upper echelons of research, hour stint at the computer center before coming to work on the owl A classic example is what happened to one of the greatest living shift. He was part of an experiment to measure the mass of neu- physicists, who. when he was a new Ph.D., won a post with the trinos. Now. the significance of that particular research is unusually legendary Wolfgang Pauli, The winner was Victor Weisskopf, and great. The mass of the neutrino is a critical parameter in theories the loser, in that bygone day, was Hans Bethe, who later was to of the expanding universe. I had, at that bitterly cold moment at 3 win a Nobel prize in physics. Well, pride of winning changed to a.m, the vision of this student staring at his computer output, chagrin when, upon his first meeting with Pauli, Weisskopf proudly checking it, running a confirmation, and then experiencing an in- introduced himself. Pauli merely nodded, shook his head, and said, credible, breath-stopping revelation. The conviction that, in this "So young, and already you are unknown," Weeks later, when trailer, he alone had come to the knowledge that the universe will Weisskopf submitted the results of a long calculation to the master, one day stop expanding—that the mass of the neutrino, amplified Pauli shook his head and said, "Ach! That isn't even wrong!" After by the number of such objects in the universe, will reverse the that, every time the two passed in the corridor, Pauli would be expansion and regenerate the Big Bangl Did it happen that way? heard to mutter, 'Ach, I should have chosen Bethe." No, real life is often less dramatic. But it could have. And that is

I cannot vouch for the authenticity of this story, but the point is the secret of the scientific urge.—LEON M. LEDERMAN that in science, the range of talenfs is enormous, even among the great. This has taught me several things: Take science very seri- Leon M. Lederman, a physicist, is the director ct the Fermi National ously; keep in mind your heritage; learn the history; study the in- Accelerator Laboratory, in Safawa, Illinois. " — —

conjTiruuurm

SUPERMAN'S BLACK WIDOW Miloszar, "and they still HOLOGRAM CROSS HAIRS have the original webbing in them."

Alone in the Arctic, The fabled black widow The spiders are harvested Superman enters his fortress spider is probably best in the wild very carefully of solitude and places a known for the kinkiness of by prying them loose from slender crystal into the ap- its sexual appetite: After rotting logs with a stick, propriate slot on a gleam- mating, the female devours then knocking them into a ing, translucent dais. Sud- its husband. But destructive jar. Back at the plant, they denly the room is illuminated as it may be in its own are isolated in smaller by a three-dimensional society, the black widow jars. When production time scene from the long-dead has found a useful and comes, a human handler planet Krypton. The scene is creative niche in human turns the spider over and only one of thousands Just like Superman's crystal. industry. Some manufactur- tickles its belly with a stick stored in the crystal, which ers of surveying equipment until it starts to spin. represents a single "book" optimum sensitivity. use strands of the spider's The spiders themselves in the man of steel's holo- The holographic image is web—which is some 80 seem quite content with graphic library. created using a laser, in times thinner than a human their human symbiosis. In

all it As futuristic as it sounds, the same way as a conven- hair—to make cross hairs return for the flies can such three-dimensional tional hologram. A very for the eyepieces in their eat, each spider can pro- storage has already been slight rotation of the crystal delicate instruments. duce up to two feet of accomplished, and at least produces a new storage The secret of the black webbing a day, and will go one researcher is working opportunity, and Boatner widow web's usefulness lies on doing so until it dies. on refining the process. expects that eventually in its fortuitous combination North American Survey Ultimately, thousands of a specifically tailored crystal of thinness and strength. Supply eschews the troub- easily retrievable holo- could hold thousands of "For its size," says John lesome process of raising graphic images may be three-dimensional images. Miloszar, public-relations black widows in captivity, stored for future viewing in Because it requires a director for Philadelphia's preferring to find and cap- a single, sparkling, finger- complex arrangement of North American Survey ture productive adults size crystal. equipment to record the im- Supply Company, "it's when supplies run low. "In "What you saw in Super- ages, Boatner sees the stronger than steel. You can our work, as in everything Miloszar, man II is not far-fetched technology being used hold it under a full-running else," says "what at all," says Lynn A. Boatner, mainly for archival storage faucet and it still won't you want is experience." a-solid-state physicist at and read-only memory, break." Once in place, the — Bill Lawren Oak Ridge National Labora- "The potential for archival webbing has an impressive tories, in Tennessee. "The storage is enormous," he longevity record. "We've "The memory of man is as company that pioneered this says. "These crystals could seen instruments that are old as misfortune." technology, Philips Re- be used to store,, say, ail over sixly years old," says —Lawrence Durrell search Labs, in Hamburg, the Social Security informa- Germany, recorded a holo- tion for the United States, graphic demonstration as well as such things movie in a crystal of lithium as technical or literary li- niobate some eight years braries."— Rick Boling ago. The movie shows a jaguar jumping out of "Get your tacts first, and some bushes right at you, then you can distort them as and it is very realistic." much as you please.

Boatner is working with —Mark Twain another substance: potas- sium tantalate niobate, "A lie can run around the which he believes holds the world before the truth can most promise for long- get its boots on." Black widow spins its web: The strands are stronger than sleet; term image retention and —James Watt when held under a running faucet, they still won't break. 52 OMNI he's been in the war room overgrown disarray. only once, for a brief visit. In Bui what looks like an the case of a genuine untended, weed-choked emergency, he would work vegefable-and-fruit patch is either from a flying com- in reality a hardy ecosys- mand post or from a center tem. For example, edible buried deep in the moun- seeds of the sow thistle (a tains along the Pennsylva- large weed) attract birds, nia-Maryland border. which then stick around and

All in all, McGregor was polish off all the insects. less than impressed with the And by growing certain di- war room. "Basically," he verse crops, such as green The war room, as represented in the movie Dr. Strangelove: The says, "it was boring. There beans and strawberries, real thing is a low-tech yawner, with rats living under the carpet. was nothing fancy about in close proximity, a kind of

it, nothing that looked par- symbiotic root chemistry WIMPY WAR ROOM seats, covered with Nau- ticularly sophisticated. In spurs growth. gahyde, for the top brass. fact," he says, in what may "With BFI, America could Picture the Pentagon's The room is not bombproof. be the unkindest cut of meet its food needs on war room: enormous trans- The last real action there all, "I've seen newsrooms our nineteen million acres of lucent screens that can was a routine briefing during that were more high tech." suburban lawns," Jeavons give instant simulated views the Grenada crisis. There — Bill Lawren suggests, "using a fraction ot missile silos in Outer are rats living under the of the energy, water, and Mongolia; computer-as- carpeted floor. "The present is an inter- other resources required by sisted tracking systems that And the fabled hot line, lude —a strange interlude in conventional agriculture." could follow the flight of that screaming red tele- which we can call on past To find out more, read an errant hummingbird, let phone that would allow ul- and future to bear witness Jeavons's book, How To alone an intercontinental traemergency conversations we are living." Grow More Vegetables, from ballistic- missile; an ultrasb- between president and —Eugene O'Neill Ten Speed Press, or write phisticaied communications premier? It turns out it's not him at: Top of the World, network that knows the a telephone at all: It's a SUPERGARDEN 5798 Ridgewood Road, news before it even hap- standard telex machine two Willits, CA 95490. pens. In other words, a doors down the hall, where On a 20-acre California — Eric Mishara concentration of highest what passes for real com- farm called Top of the technology that would put to munications goes on. On World, agriculturist John "There is no known way of shame such Hollywood the day of the open house, Jeavons has evolved a reaching the depths of movie representations as the Russians were using system to grow more with something without going those in Dr. Strangelove and the hot line to send a list of less. With hand tools and through the surface." WarGames. exotic mushrooms that -. just 700 square feet of soil, —D. £. Berlyne If that's your picture of can be grown only in Sibe- Jeavons claims, even a the fabled war room, pre- ria. "They're into nature," city slicker can grow enough pare yourself for a shock. explained the interpreter on to live on, The National Military Com- duty. The system, Biodynamic mand Center (the war James McGregor, a French Intensive (BR), room's real name) was re- reporter who covered the requires that a tortuously cently opened to reporters "event" for Knight-Ridder dug, two-foot-deep soil bed for a day, apparently to newspapers, was left with be superenriched with show off a recent remodel- the impression that the dead leaves and all manner ing. The real thing, it turns room "is not used much for of organic waste. Thus out, is a low-tech yawner, emergency situations. prepared, the soil can han- with nothing but a few rows The Joint Chiefs of Staff." dle four times as many of chairs, a couple of ta- he says, "have their own plants as a normal garden, bles, some microphones room elsewhere in the Pen- with vegetation carpeting and telephones, and 28 tagon." As for the President, the ground in a seemingly —

coruTiruuurui

LETHAL menthal says. But a. human CHOCOLATE CHIPS who eats too much choco- late, unlike a ravenous When a dead dog was hound, he says, stops eating carried into Aaron Glau- at the moment of satiety, berg's Milburn. New Jersey, which is well in advance of animal hospital, the veteri- atoxic reaction. narian was surprised to Many dogs do overdose learn the apparent cause of on chocolate, veterinarian death; two pounds of choc- Glauberg suggests, and the olate chips. The dog had antidote he recommends devoured the chocolate, is a teaspoon or two of become hyperactive, then hydrogen peroxide to in- by the same process, en- eventually went into convul- duce vomiting. Eric Mishara FOR BURN VICTIMS abling them to ascend sions and died. — rapidly without getting the Glauberg conferred with A sea serpent called bends. clinical pharmacologist SPLIT EMBRYOS Pelamis platurus—the yel- Water can also pass Peter Blumenthal. of New- low-bellied sea snake through a pelamis's skin, ark's Beth Israel Medical Meanwhile, back at the found extremely ranch, the latest in futuristic is the mosl cosmopolitan and since water always Center, who and possibly the most moves from a less- to a high levels of the stimulant reproductive-technology twins. numerous reptile on Earth. more-concentrated solution, theobromine in the dead is man-made breeders have Now one sea-snake expert the snakes ought to lose dog's blood, The substance Livestock "outnaturing" nature believes the highly poison- body water to the saltier sea. is a natural ingredient of been ous animal could provide The reason they don't the cacao beans from which for some time, of course routinely practice a model for developing life- dehydrate, Pennsylvania chocolate is made. "Theo- They transfer—taking an saving artificial skin. State zoologist William bromine is known to stimu- embryo embryo from an artificially Pelamis is a totally marine Dunson discovered, is that late the heart." veterinarian im- creature that feeds on the some mechanism in their Glauberg explains, "and inseminated cow and planting it in a foster surface and bears live skin, probably involving the it diminishes the flow of

' to free the young. Of the 50 species of arrangement of fatty cells, blood to the brain." So the mother—in order superior) donor sea snake, venomous de- slows the movement of chocolate-devouring dog (genetically concep- scendants of Asian cobras water out of the animal's died from a heart attack, he mother for the next researchers and Australian kraits, only body and at the same time says, or from oxygen star- tion, And now State Univer- the yellow bellies crossed slows the inward movement vation of the brain. at Colorado quantify the toxic effect sity, in Fort Collins, have deep ocean to reach the of salt. "There's a potential To j procedure a step New World, drifting over medical. application for burn of theobromine on dogs, taken that premature and Blumenthal further by splitting the after the Panama land victims and Glauberg j before trans- bridge formed 3 million or 4 infants, who have tremen- fed a small, nonlethal embryo in half result is pair of million years ago. dous problems with water amount of chocolate to a fer. The a the identical twins. Two to three feet long, loss," Dunson says. "We can canine, then determined animal This feat is possible, they have flat bodies, oarlike remove the snake skin, rate at which the Colorado State researcher tails, valved nostrils that study the asymmetrical dif- was able to metabolize the Williams explains, close when they dive, and a fusion, then use what we theobromine. From this Timothy J. the embryo special salt- excreting gland learn to develop artificial experiment, they have ex- because when is removed from the natural under their tongue. They skin,"—Leah Wallach trapolated that a four-ounce week after can stay submerged for over chocolate bar could kill a mother about a conception, its 40 to 70 an hour, drawing up to 20 "It is impossible to travel five-pound dog, 16 ounces percent of the oxygen they faster than the speed of could be lethal to a 20- cells have not yet begun to specialized need directly from the light, and certainty not pound dog. and so on. differentiate into water by osmosis. Scientists ' desirable, as one's bat Theobromine, at suffi- tissue. Thus the scientists off." ciently high levels, has toxic can split the microscopic think excess nitrogen dif: keeps blowing with micro- fuses from their bodies —Woody Allen potential for humans, Blu- fertilized egg 5t OMNI —

surgical tools, transfer it to England, however, re- the foster mother, let nature searchers have pioneered a do the rest, and multiply variation of this technique, the herd. The 50 percent based on the fact that pregnancy rate they've only about a tenth of the achieved with split embryos cells of the early embryo is equivalent to a perfect develop into the fetus, the 100 percent rate with whole rest becoming the placenta ones—which explains why and other supporting tissue. cattlemen might be quite Instead of mingling different enthusiastic about the new fetal cells, therefore, the technology. scientists hit on the idea of So why not triplets, quad- taking just the supporting- ruplets, or more? So far, tissue cells from a foreign her and was also "heavily container to disarm an ex- attempts to split the J embryo embryo to add substance to armed." plosive without detonating it. further have failed, proba- the future fetus. When officials couldn't Expanding on the original bly because the resulting The technique works; a persuade Hauk to emerge, application, Pederson has I pieces are too small. "There single embryo produced they asked the Arizona recently sold his robot | seems to be a critical num- five lambs at Cambridge. Department of Public Safety for use in a variety of poten- , ber of cells necessary for learn for The Colorado plans to help. That group arrived . tially dangerous situations. the normal development of try the same thing with at ten the next morning, ! As evidenced by the Hauk

1 the embryo," says Williams. cattle.—David Dreier bringing with them a robot incident, the robot is an "Below twenty cells, it's a $17,000, 210-pound vehi- ideal tool in hostage negoti- j hard to get a successful cle with a mechanical hand, ROBOT COP i ations, Cottonwood police pregnancy." two hydraulic arms, and a I officer Mike Baker com-

Williams and his co- The Cottonwood, Arizona, head comprising a video ' mented, "From a safety workers are now eyeing police department and camera and floodlight. standpoint, the robot realty I something called chimeric the county sheriff's SWAT Remote-controlled by alleviates a lot of risk to

I cloning as a way of breed- team kept vigil outside computer, the robot brought the officer." And Pederson ing more than two animals the mobile home of Kenny a telephone to Hauk's win- points out that the robot's from a single fertilized egg. Hauk one tension-filled dow, but Hauk made no mechanical hand has Usually, a chimera is a evening in the spring of last move to respond. After enough dexterity to open a patchwork animal created year. Hauk had barricaded waiting nearly all day, the briefcase; thus, he says, from two or more genetically himself inside after his police conveyed a message it's more than adequate for unrelated cell lines. At wife went to the police, to Hauk through the robot's . carrying food, water, a Cambridge University, in claiming that he'd beaten public-address system: gun, or in this particular | "Hey, we are about to use case, a telephone. j gas on you [a task the robot Another possible use for

I can perform). Why don't the robot, says Pederson, you pick up the phone and is in cleaning up after talk to us?" Amazed, Hauk chemical and nuclear acci- reached for the phone dents, At one of Toronto's and eventually surrendered. four nuclear reactors, in The robot, built by Bob fact, the robot has already Pederson, of Toronto, was used its built-in vacuum initially designed to cope cleaner to pick up the with terrorist bomb threats at radioactive pieces of a bro- the 1976 Montreal Olym- ken fuel rod. Sergeant pics. It can shoot out win- Dave Audsley, of the De- dows with its shotgun and partment of Public Safety, then reach in and recover a notes, "I'd rather send

bomb. It can also shoot a the robot in than one of jet of water into a bomb us."—Nancy Lucas

55. coruTiruuuRJi

salivary glands, certain in humanlike motions, tiny medications, and Sjogren- jets bathe them in artificial Thousands of people are Larsson syndrome, which saliva. By turning knobs unable to salivate no matter dries up a person's saliva, on a bank of panels and how strong their Pavlovian tears, and (sometimes) tubes, researchers can response to that steak gastrointestinal juices. regulate the pressure, angle, on the grill. They suffer from "There are a lot of people and speed of the chew. xerostoma (dry mouth), a out there who really could Afterward they can measure condition that makes eating use a product like this," the wear on each tooth, and speaking difficult and says Mclntyre, "but they down to one tenth the thick- can also lead to oral-health don't know about it." The ness of a human hair. problems. reason; It's needed by The machine could speed Now there's relief in the too small a percentage of the development of new form of an arlificial saliva the population to make dental materials, says called MoirStir. Moi-Stir a major advertising cam- Douglas, a bioengineer at works by creating a lubri- paign financially feasible. the University of Minnesota. cating film in the mouth, ac- Information on Moi-Stir is Dentists currently test new fillers or enamels by sub- cylinders of Ihe ice to stress tests, lains. they'd , "Then

t in a patient's mouth THE DAY

and tell him to go home and CHRIST DIED chew for three years." By speeding the chew rate Even the Roman historian from a normal one chew per Tacitus agreed that Jesus second to four and by Christ was executed during chewing round the clock, the fen years—a o 26 to Douglas's machine can 36—that Pontius Pilate was do a year's worth of chew- governor of Judea. ing in just one day. But the exact day and In early tests, Douglas year of the crucifixion has put conventional dentures in managed to elude scholars his machine and created for centuries. Because of three years of normal wear that uncertainty, the dates of in just a few weeks. More Good Friday and Easter recently, he's used the have been tied to the full , cording to its manufacturer, available from Kingswood Kingswood Laboratories, Laboratories, Inc. Box 744, mouth to determine the moon of the Jewish Pass- from year of Carmel, Indiana. "Even Carmel, IN 46032. strengths and weaknesses over and change of several filling materials. to year. though it dries a little," says —Cathy Stone Kingswood vice president While conventional silver- If two British scientists fillings last longest, are correct, however, Chris- Tom Mclntyre, "the film . . . AND AN ARTIFICIAL based tians can now set perma- will hold water against the MOUTH he found, newer resin- -mineral composites nent dates to commemorate tissue. If you Just drink water, and to overall Jesus's death and resurrec- it evaporates in a few sec- Those chomping sounds may add more crucifixion, say onds. But Moi-Stir lasts heard in William Douglas's tooth strength. The next step tion. The J. Humphreys and one to two hours." lab are the mechanical is to build more of the Colin Oxford The man-made saliva ruminations of an artificial £150,000 machines so that W, G, Waddington, of University, was designed for patients mouth. The device has researchers can test many occurred on 33. with radiation-damaged two hydraulic pistons that materials at once. "We'd like Friday. April 3, a.d. these, four Gospels concur salivary glands. But it can hold anywhere from 2 to 64 to have four of chew- The also relieve dry mouth teeth inside a Plexiglas ing happily, side by side." that Jesus died on a Friday caused by surgery near the cylinder,. As the teeth chomp —Douglas Starr at the time of Passover, 56 OMNI — " — —

which begins in the I lem evening on the evening of April people are ill, very often to burn glucose for energy at the start of the fifteenth 3 in a.d. 33, The atmos- they won't, or can't, or and to use amino acids day of the Jewish month Ni- phere at the time may have shouldn't eat." to repair themselves. That san. But the Book of John been laden with dust from Malnourishment can be means the injured person puts the crucifixion at the I an afternoon dust storm caused by simple starva- can eat normal quantities of day before Passover, or the the probable I cause of tion—the patient doesn't eat food and still suffer from fourteenth of Nisan, whereas the darkening of the sun enough— or by what doc- malnourishment. the other three Gospels that, we are told, happened tors call metabolic response The good news is that indicate that it took piace while Jesus was on the to injury or infection. people can go without food on the fifteenth. cross, If so, the moon, situ- The most common reason (or five to seven days with- The latter date, though, is ated low in the sky, would sick people don't eat is out ill effects, And the based on an interpretation have looked even more that they don't want to. "Loss majority of patients regain of the Last Supper as a as if painted with blood. The of appetite is an almost their appetite and stabilize Passover meal. It is more evidence seems persua- universal accompaniment of their weight as they recu- likely, say Humphreys and i sive, say the investigators, disease," Dr. Bistrian says. perate. Those who don't can Waddington, that the sup- ' that April 3, a.q 33, was Sometimes the starvation is be force-fed, an unpleas- per was a pre-Passover the day Christ died. caused by the cure: Tests, antly invasive procedure but meal, especially since the —David Dreier Gospel accounts make no mention of the eating of "With women who do not a Passover lamb. love us, as with the 'miss- By reconstructing the ing, ' the knowledge that first-century Jewish calen- | there is no hope left does dar, the researchers deter- , not prevent our continuing to mined that the fourteenth of wait for news," Nisan fell on a Friday in —Marcel Proust a a 30 and 33, further strengthening the case for j "The moon is more useful that date (the years that than the sun, since it shines the fifteenth of Nisan came ' during the night when light on a Friday a_d. 27 and is needed; while the sun 34—are considered too is of little use during the eariy and too late, respec- daytime, when there is light tively, for the crucifixion). anyway. Between 25 and 75 percent of patients in acute-care hospitals are For their final deduction, —Kozma Prutkov starving. The most common problem: Sick people don't want to eat. Humphreys and Waddington . turned to evidence that HOSPITAL STARVATION l surgery, and drugs can all a literal lifesaver. nad been overlooked by : reduce appetite or make To feed the starving, you other scholars: references in ; If you are seriously ill or eating impossible. Patients have to know who they the Bible and the Apocry- injured, you may end up whose illnesses involve are. Most university-affiliated pha of the moon being starving as well. Surveys Of one of the digestive organs hospitals now have nutri- j "turned to blood" on the day acute-care hospitals have to ! may be unable eat, or tional-support programs to of the crucifixion. This found that between 25 and they not ] may absorb nu- identify the malnourished. pointed to the likelihood of 75 percent of patients are trients even if they eat. At private j do community and an eclipse of the moon, malnourished, depending on When patients have a hospitals, Bistrian says, "it's which appears red because ' the type of illness and the metabolic j response to injury catch as catch can." it is illuminated directly 1 by type of hospital. or infection, it's their indivtd- —Leah Wallach

sunlight refracted ; through "it's not that they're being I ual cells that won't "eat" the earth's : atmosphere. deliberately starved," ex- properly. The stress of a "There is a/ways one mo- calculations Astronomical j plains Dr. Bruce Bistrian, an trauma— major burns, major ment in childhood when the show that the moon was associate professor of surgery, auto-accident door opens and lets the partially it eclipsed as rose I medicine at the Harvard injuries, severe infection future in." over the horizon at Jerusa- I Medical School. "When impairs the cells' ability —Graham Greene 57 cDruTiruuurui

KIDS WHO HATE DISAPPEARING Having filed patent appli- PUPPIES METAL cations, Tafa's president, Merle Thorpe, is left with the Now there's a new alloy question of what ihe soluble that looks and behaves like metal might be used for. you envision a smiling child, a metal in every way but Other than handcuffs for warmly cuddling a puppy one: It dissolves in water. parlor Houdinis, everyday or kitten, linked together in Tafa Inc., a small com- uses don't seem obvious. youthful, innocent alliance? pany in Bow, New Hamp- But Thorpe reports that in-

If so, think again, says shire, developed the strange dustrial circles are agog, a Yale researcher who new material by chance. and secret development claims that children and Its researchers were trying studies are under way by animals are not natural to improve the design of several potential customers. companions and that "our a gun that sprays metal over Pipe engineers could cultural idealization of wax or wooden models to use the alloy, for instance, the relationship of very form hard alloy molds. to replace the rice-paper young children to animals is To create the spray, the gun plugs that keep inert gas not only incorrect, but may atomizes two metal wires inside steel pipes while they foster a distorted under- electrically. are being welded for nu- standing of the needs One day, while atomizing clear reactors. Unlike rice of young people." of the eleventh-graders two different wires, the paper, the metal wouldn't Stephen R, Kellert. of Yale shared that view. gun formed a mold that, to catch fire so easily, but University's School of For- Kellert says the study, the researchers' surprise, would also wash out after estry and Environmental sponsored by the U.S. Fish washed away in water. the weld was made. Studies, came to that con- and Wildlife Service, indi- Small parts made of the One suggestion is that clusion after reviewing a cates that education and alloy dissolve in water navy ships be built with recent study of 300 Con- experience, not innate in about twelve minutes, soluble insides so that they necticut schoolchildren. sensibility, are the keys to a giving off hydrogen bub- could be quickly and neatly "Very young children were child's developing more bles. The odd metal is a scuttled by opening a trap the most exploitative, harsh, positive attitudes. Kellert mixture of aluminum and door when in danger of and unfeeling of all children points out that the children's another metal the company falling into enemy hands. in their attitudes toward concern for the welfare calls, simply, X. What X The most promising use, animals," said Kellert. "They and treatment of animals really is, no one in the orga- though, may be in crime. expressed far greater will- increased dramatically nization is saying. The alloy conjures up visions ingness to subvert the by the eleventh grade. of knives and guns that needs and nature of animals Unfortunately, says Kellert, could be conveniently in order to enhance the state and federal agencies flushed down a toilet. well-being and desires of are currently devqting "a "Maybe we've got a whole people." pathetically small amount of new area," Thorpe agrees, points . . out For example, 37 percent attention , [to] the broad although he of the second-graders, wildlife-education needs of that the new alloy, like alu- but only 16 percent of the children." minum, is relatively soft. eleventh-graders, agreed —Peter J, Ognibene —Anthony Livers idge that "sometimes people must beat a horse or dog to "Science has always been "The future is a great

make it do what they want," too dignified to invent a land; a man cannot go Fifty-one percent of the good back scratches" around it in a day; he second-graders accepted —Don Marquh cannot measure it in a the statement: "If they found bound; he cannot bind its

oil where wild animals live, "Silence is not always tact; harvest in a single sheath. we would have to get the oil, and it is tact that is golden, It is wider than the vision

even if it harmed the ani- not silence." and has no end." C. Mitchell mals." Only 20 percent , —Samuel Butler —Donald 58 OMNI 4^ Ven

*' i *

WONDERWORKS

idy-to-run of award winning artic d) A guide to g) A magr'" getting the most out ol the standard ^m Whel operatingsystemforthelBM PC and 50 ^PB^F h' 24 essays to strike sympathetic other personal computers. ^^fl ^L chords in our minds. Waldenbooks Check the yellow pages for the one nearest you. ^*\%m»i

REAGAN: THE WORLD OF 2000

hen President KWSliL--.£.f-l ' WfReagan took office in to basic research. January 1981, many "I would say that the admin- in the science community istration's positive attitude

trembled. Nobel laureate Milton toward science is reflected in Friedman, an adviser on the the '85 budget," says Frank administration's economic Press, president of the National policies, had recommended a Academy of Sciences, and few months earlier that the White House adviser during the National Science Foundation presidency of Democrat be abolished. Budget Director Jimmy Carter. "The scientific David Stockman compiled a community applauds the black book listing programs recognition, from this and from and projects— some of them the preceding two admini- scientific— to be truncated strations, that the support of or axed. And in the midst science is very important to of revamping the 1982 budget the country's future." for science and technology, With the election approach- the White House ignored pleas ing, Omni sought the Presi- to appoinl a science adviser. dent's views on the future Furthermore, many scientists of science and technology. We perceived Reagan himself submitted a series of The President says as a cost- cutting cowboy with questions that asked what that computers, robots, and little understanding of, and direction science will take in even less patience with, the twenty-first century. In bioengineering may esoteric research an exclusive responses, and scientific set of change the way we live and experimentation Their anxiety the President addressed work— won't alter was soon justified: In short these and other topics: but order the administration gutted • Space. Budget increases venerable human values 1982 budgets for social- and and ongoing verbal support for behavioral-science programs, NASAs military and civilian as well as environmental re- programs characterize the search, and eliminated Reagan administration, and this certain science-education pro- enthusiasm for space will grams. Funds for basic continue. On the issue-of anti- research in areas other than satellite weapons and treaties defense received a stunning to ban their use. President

blow— a 12 percent cut in one Reagan took note of an article year. In science and technol- by James Oberg in the July ogy, as in many unrelated 1984 Omni. Oberg suggested fields. Reagan maintained, the that an apparently benign private sector— not the federal Soviet mission to the moon government—was to bear could turn into a sneak attack the burden of financial support, on high-orbit satellites. The Nearly live years later, the President argued .that the science community has less to article revealed the difficulty of fret about. Lost education verifying ASAT treaties. programs have been • Shuttle flight. President

¥flj reinstated. A large part of the Reagan remarked that if he

"f f —

6/Ve heard it suggested that in the future, instead of commuting to work, some peopie may be computing to work.V

terprises are, simply, happier, better-ad- justed people, people with the inner strength both to cope with adversity and to reach out 1o help others. And as for twenty-first-cen-

tury recreation. I intend to stick to horseback riding and chopping wood. Omni: You've talked of your commitment to keeping America "the technological leader of the world now and into the twenty-first century." What specific new plans would you

have— if you win reelection—to bolster our leadership in technology and build a foun- dation for the next century?

Reagan: I can't think of anything we could do that would have greater impact on our future technological leadership than to con- tinue our emphasis on developing new knowledge and on training new technical talent. Many people don't realize this, but over the past four years we've increased federal support for frontier research— the kinds of studies done in universities—by more than fifty-five percent. In fact, one of the achievements of our administration that gives me the most satisfaction is the remark- able turnaround in the government's re- emphasis on university research. were offered a ride on the shuttle, he'd ask in America? How will the change affect hu- newed That kind of research produces the new' someone else to take his place. Who would man relationships and recreation in the cen- leads to new industries and he send? An aspiring youngster. tury ahead? knowledge that the booming microelec- I such as • Recreation. Leisure-time activities in the President Reagan: In general, see an ac- new jobs— industries of today and the emerging twenty-first century may include weekend celeration of a trend that has become evi- tronics recognition biotechnology industries of tomorrow. But just jaunts to the moon. But the President hopes dent in the past few years—the in assuring as important, that university research also to be spending his free hours chopping that all workers play critical roles creates the training ground for our next gen- wood and riding horses. the success of an organization. Increasingly eration of scientific and technical leaders. • National security versus shared informa- it's going to be apparent that there are no crit- if we're given the opportunity to continue tion. Scientists have criticized the adminis- unimportant jobs, that each person is a So for another four years, we intend to maintain tration's clamping down on the free, inter- ical link in the process, whatever it is—fac- on support for the most national exchange of scientific information. tories, schools, hospitals, and let's not forget this federal emphasis advanced research possible. Beyond this, the administration has been at government offices. it should pretty obvious by now odds with the academic community over the We see that trend today in the way Amer- But be leadership in science doesn't automat- disclosure of sensitive research findings. This icans are responding to the industrial chal- that industrial may be changing: Some members of the lenges from abroad. As individuals we're ically translate into leadership in technology; that requires someone to trans- science community in Washington sense a taking increasing pride in our own work and something practi- more relaxed attitude toward disseminating showing our commitment to producing su- late new knowledge into government can't step in information on certain types of university re- perior goods and services. We're refining the cal. Certainly the such an industry search. The President himself revealed that work ethic into a success ethic. Just as we and decree that such and is going blossom, and no one in Washing- he has taken steps to remove certain con- talk about "quality time" with our families, to ton can legislate that certain technological trols. In addition, he suggested that the gov- we're discovering the satisfaction of quality invented. But govern- ernment might begin to exhibit less concern time on the job. breakthroughs be where industrial about exporting more commonly available That pride in performance is already spill- ment can create a climate entrepreneurs have a better technologies. ing over into our private lives, too. We see it innovators and chance—and have more encouragement What follows is a detailed and illuminating especially in America's new determination to take of research done in uni- view of the Reagan administration's sci- to educate and train young people so they advantage our ence-and-technology policies and the Pres- can take their places in a changing work- versities and research conducted in fine federal laboratories. ident's own outlook for the future. place; a workplace where they'll be ex- many pected not necessarily to work harder, but Our program of reducing the burden of LIFE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY to work smarter. government will be of great importance in that regard. The lower income-tax rate and Omni: The theme for our October issue is Finally, 1 don't see how those kinds of em- savings and investment incentives we love, work, and play in the twenty-first cen- phases can help but enrich the quality of the other. have put in place will encourage the devel- tury. What is the single most significant people's relationships with each Peo- use of new technology. change you expect to see in patterns of work ple who are essential parts of productive en- opment and 63 OMNI CONTINUED ON PAGE 110 Sit down to a special feast of old, bittersweet memories dished up by prating parents long dead and buried

I SUPPOSE YOU ARE WONDERING WHY WE ARE HERE BY RAY BRADBURY

I he restaurant was empty when he arrived. It was early, six o'clock; the big crowds, if they came,, would come later, which was perfect, for he had a dozen busy things to do. He watched his hands lay out the napkins in front of three places, then arrange and rearrange the wine glasses, then place and replace the knives, forks, and spoons as if he himself were the maitre d' or some sort of latter-day sorcerer. He heard himself muttering under his breath, and part of the time it was a sort of mindless chant and the rest an incan- tation, for he really didn't know how to do all this, but it had to be done.

PAINTING BY RENE MAGRITTE — " — — " " " "

He himself opened Ihe wine while the napkins placed, the cutlery arranged in tcking on his wrist. Nothing. owners ol ihe restaurant stood in the back, symbols of need, the good wine waiting Another minute passed. He concen- whispering with ho chol and nodding at him would all ol it truly do the job? trated. He prayed. His heart sounded qui- as if he were the maniac in charge. Cut it but, he thought, and turned his gaze etly. Nothing In charge of what, he was not quite sure. "orn ihe la- graveyii'd entrance lo Ihe nearby Another minute. He listened to his own His own life? Not by half. Sometimes nol al phone booth. He let the screen door shut, breathing, Now, he thought. Wow, dammit. all. But tonight, .one way or another, it would walked to the booth, dropped in his dime, Come oni have to change. Torigh- might at least give and dialed a number. His heart jumped.

: him a few answers or a little peace. I lis daL.gh:er's vo ce sounder.; ci :he an- The front door to the restaurant had He poured some wine into a glass, sniffed swering machine. He shut his eyes and hung opened. look his it, sipped it, eyes shut, waiting for the taste. up. shaking his head, not saying anything. He did not up; he trapped breath All right. Not great, but all right. He tried a second number. The second and kept his eyes shul.

He rearranged trie-? cullory lor the third time, daughter simply didn't answer, Someone was walking toward his table. looking thinking, I have two problems. My daugh- He hung up, took a final look at that grave- Someone arrived. Someone was ters, who might as well be Martians living on yard off in the growing dark-, and hurried down at him. Mais, and my mother and father, the great- back inside :he restaurant. "I thought you'd never invite us to dinner est problem of all. Because they had been There he did the whole thing over again: again," said his mother. dead for twenty years. the glasses, the napkins, the cutlery. Touch- He opened his eyes just as she leaned

No matter. If he prayed, if he begged si- ing, retouching, placing, and replacing, to down to kiss him on the brow. father lently, if he summoned them with immense energize it all. tc make ah he objects, as well "Long lime no see!" His reached will, controlling his heartbeat and restless as himself, believe. out. seized his- hand, and gripped it tight. mind, focusing n:s thoughts on ihe near grass Then he nodded lo himself and sal down; "How goes it. Son''" meadow, it would happen. His mother and stared hard ai Ihe clI cry. Ihe plates, the wine The son leaped up, almosl spilling the father would somehow recycle their dust, glasses; took three deep broahs; siu: ms wine onto the table. arise, walk, stroi along ihe n'-ght avenues for eyes; conceniraicd and prayed very hard, "Fine. Dad. Hi, Mom! .Sit down, my God, three blocks, and step matier-of-factly into wailing. oh my God, sit down!" this restaurant, just as if He knew that if he sat here long enough But they did not sit down. They stood God,! haven't even had a full alas:- c! wine and wished hard enough looking at each other in a kind of stunned yet, he thought, and turned abruptly to step They would arrive, sit down, greet him as bewilderment until: it's saic outside for some fresh air always; his mother wouc kiss hi— on the "Den ; make such a fuss, only us. ' and his- mother. "It's been so long since you Out in the summer night, with the restau- cheek, his lather would grab his hand — rant screen door half open, he stared down tighten on it, hard. The loud greetings would called. We the dusking street toward Ihe graveyard at last quiet down, and the last supper at Ihis "It has been a long time. Son." His father gates. Yes. Almost ready. He was, lhat is. small-town restaurant would finally begin. was still holding his hand in an iron grip. Now

i lo his to show it was okay. "But we un- But . . . were they? Was the lime right? The Two minutes passed heard watch he winked derstand. You're busy, You okay, Boy?"

"Okay." said the son. "I mean, I've missed you!" And here he grabbed both of them im- pulsively and hugged, them,— his eyes water- " and ing.. "How have you—been He stopped blushed. "I mean "Don't be embarrassed, Son." said his fa-

ther, "We're great. For a while there it was

it hell tough. I mean, was all so new. How in— do you describe it. You can't; so I won't "George, for goodness sake, cut the cackle and get us a table," said his mother. "This is our table," said the son, pointing at the. .empty places. He suddenly realized he had forgotten to light the candle, and he did so, with trembling hands. "Sit down. Have some wine!" "Your father shouldn't drink wine," his mother started to say.

"For God's sake'' his father said, "it doesn't make any difference now."

"I forgot," His mother felt herself in a

strange, tentative way, as if she had just tried

on a new dress and the seams were awry. "I keep forgetting." "It's the same .as forgetting you're alive." His father barked a laugh. "People live sev- enty years and alter a whi e con'; notice. They forget to say, 'Hell, I'm alive!'—When ihat hap- pens, you might as well be "George," said his mother.

"Look at it this way," said his father, sitting down and leaving his w fe and son standing. "Before you're bom s one condition, living is "At first I was worried we'd a second condition, and after you're through

it. worried that will. never catch up to Now I'm we is a third. In each state, you forget to notice, to say, 'Hey, I'm on first base; I'm on second! "

Well, hell, here we are on third.' And like your But before they could answer, he remem- everyone else eating? What's that man over his brother there eating?'" H;s lalhor eaned and craned mom says, she sometimes forgets. I can have bered: a snapshot of himself and the front Memorial or July his neck, staring at the table across the way. as much damned wine as I want!" on lawn some Day that!" He poured wine all around and drank his FourthJong years ago. There they were, se- "Looks good. Think I'll have much too quickly. "Not bad!" cretly pinching one another, dressed in their "Your father," said his mother, "has always "How can you tell?" said the son, then bil knickers and coats and caps, their folks be- ordered this way. If thai man was having car- his tongue. hind them, squinting out at a noon that would pet tacks and pork bellies, he'd order that." But his father had not heard and patted last forever. "I remember," said the son quietly, and the seat beside him. "Come on. Ma!" His lather read his thoughts and said, drank his wine. He held his breath and at last 1 let it have, "Don't call me Ma. I'm Alice!" "Right after Baptist service, Easter noon, out. "What II you Mom?" "Ma-Alice, come on!" 1927. Wore my golf clothes. Ma had a.fit." "What are you having, Son?" His mother slid in on one side, and the son "What are you both yammering about?" "Hamburger steak."

/'// " mother, "to slid in on the other side of his father. His mother fussed in her purse, drew lorth a "That's what have, said his

For the first time, as they got settled, the mirror, and checked her Tangee mouth, save trouble." son. "It's no trouble. There son had a chance io really look at what his etching it with her little finger, "Mom," said the parents were wearing. "Nothing, Alice-Ma." His father refilled his are three dozen items on the menu." His father wore a tweed jacket, knickers glass but this time, seeing his son watching, "No," she said, and pu! the menu down for golfing, and high, brightly patterned ar- drank the wine slower. "Not bad, once you and covered it with her napkin as if it were a

it. son's taste is .gyle socks. His shoes were a light, sunburnt get used to it. It's not the hard stuff, though. small, cold body. "That's- My orange, highly polished; his tie was black, Whiskey is more like it. Where's the menu? my taste." for the bottle with tangerine stripes; and on his head, he Hell, here it is. Let's have a look." He reached wine and sud- wore a cap with a broad brim, made of some His father took a long time angling the denly realized it was empty. "Good grief," he at print. said, "did we drink it all?" brown (weed stuff, very fresh —and new. menu and peering the "You look great, Dad. Mom "What's this French stuff on the list?" he "Someone did. Get some more, Son. Here, She was wearing her good go-to-meeting cried. "Why can't they use English'? Who do while you're waiting, take some of mine." The coat, a gray, woolen affair, under which she they think they are?" father poured half of his wine into his son's wore a blue-and-white-silk dress with a light- "His in English, Dad. See. There." The son glass. "I could drink a soup bowl of that stuff." poured. blue scarf at her neck. On her head was a underlined several items on the menu with More wine was brought, opened, kind of mushroom cloche, the sort of cap his fingernail. "Watch your liver," said his mother. aging flappers wore, with ruby stickpins "Hell," snorted his father, staring at the "Is that a threat or a toast?" said his father. son realized that some- thrust through to hold it tight to her mar- lines, "Why didn't they say so?" As they drank, the celled curls. "Pa," said his mother, "just read the Eng- how the evening had gotten out of hand; they before?" lish choose." were not talking about the things he most "Where have I seen your outfits and asked the son. "They look familiar." "Always had trouble choosing. What's dearly wanted to talk about. CO'\ NNUFRON PAGE 149 NO TWO ARE EVER THE SAME

12 ISSUES OF OMNI FOR JUST $23.95! OMNI. THE PERFECT HOLIDAY GIFT! OMNI MAGAZINE RO. Box 5700, Bergenfield, N.J. 07621 No other magazine crystallizes the events of today's YES! Please enter a gift subscription of: 1 year (12 Issues] only $23.95! Save $6.05 off the cover price. changing world quite like OMNI. So this holiday, U 2years(24 issues) only 543.95! Save $16.05 off the cover price. make the most of your Christmas present! to give a gift subscription Use the attached coupon Address _ to OMNI. Not only will you save more than S6.00 off City the regular cover price, but your friends will enjoy the added gift of home delivery. SENDING YOU OUR SEASON'S READINGS U In addition, send me a subscription [_ Payment enclosed LBill rr Credit-card holders call toll-free: 1-800-228- 20 28 Ext. 11. onnrui In Nebraska call: 1-800-642-8300 Ext. 11. Wo traffic. No bugs. No smog. So says one visitor's chronicle of THE HIGH IN SPACE

BY GERARD K. O'NEILL

This story is fictional, not fan- or anywhere else, High Scotts- tastic. Is the difference impor- dale commands the highest tant? Yes. The technology thai prices for its real estate. The will permit us to build large, colony is standard "Island One,"

Earth-like space colonies fit for meaning that it provides normal humans—with grass, trees, and gravity, natural sunlight, and full flowers—rests on a firm, sci- protection from cosmic radia- entific base. The engineering tion. A sphere one mile in cir- has been worked out in consid- cumference, High Scottsdale erable detail, requiring nothing rotates on its axis twice per more exotic than steel, alumi- minute. At the equator, where num, and glass. Many of the gravity is Earth-normal, you can building blocks tor architec- walk the circumference in 15 ture, manufacturing, and com- minutes. Sunlight comes down merce in space have already at an angle corresponding to been developed: rocketry, about ten o'clock on a spring or manned maneuvering units, autumn morning. At dusk the and precision orbital guidance. light dims slowly, then vanishes Satellite solar power has been gradually. Yet. enough light is studied for more than 15 years. permitted to make the park The only obstacles researchers areas about as bright as a face are economic ones. moonlit night on Earth. The Other essential areas of lights from homes and restau- space-colony research are now rants and along walkways are being explored, thanks to the Space Studies Institute (hereafter all visible from nearly everywhere inside the sphere; so in my called the institute), in Princeton, New Jersey. Over the past week's slay, I never found a night as dark as we have on Earth. seven years, grants from the institute to universities and aero- It's quiet in High Scottsdale—there are no cars or air- space firms have funded research on such projects as orbital planes—and small enough for people to walk on winding foot- dynamics, mass drivers, the chemical separation of lunar soils paths bordered by flowers. Or they can cycle in bike lanes. into pure elements, and practical designs for solar-power sat- High up, where the surrounding hills are steep, many of the ellites. In the story that follows, the institute has succeeded in footpaths have steps, like those of the mountain villages in Italy its goal; enabling primary humans to move into the high frontier, or southern France, The largest vehicle I saw was a building contractor's truck, an electric-powered van not much bigger October 4, 2018, High 5cottsdale; For Omni's fortieth-anniver- than a golf cart. The loudest sounds you hear are voices and sary issue, my assignment was to revisit one of the oldest space music and the songs of birds. colonies, High Scottsdale, and interview several of the people High Scottsdale's orbit around Earth takes three weeks, which who have chosen to make it their home. means it is closer to Earth than the moon is. That orbit provides High Scottsdale will soon celebrate its own twentieth anni- the colony with easy access to the first manufacturing complex versary, so its trees are tall and its landscaping, mature. One built by Solar Consortium International (SCI), Even now most of of the most desirable English-speaking communities in space the people from High Scottsdale who work outside it commute PAINTINGS BY JOHN BERKEY lar- to one of SCI's facilities, and afier nearly 20 by extreme heat early in the history of the necessary in the colonies because no years of employee stock-option-plan oper- solar system. Once the deposits of meteo- vae of mosquitoes or flies had been brought of the ation, a significant traction of SCI's slock is ritic qarbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen were along from Earth. "That's the purpose said. "To keep out the bugs in the hands of High Scottsdale residents. found and mined, it was relatively easy to entry checks," he Their earliest investments have multiplied combine them chemically into crude plas- and agricultural pests, in case they make it over 400 times, mostly because more than tics. The plastic is now made into spheres through the preboarding checks at PPR." 25 percent of Earth's electric power comes about as big as baseballs, just the right size Moorshaw's current task is to build a new from antennas fed by SCI-built solar-power and weight to be catapulted into space by colony, a turnkey project for the government

satellites. Competition from Tokyo Sun Power. solar-powered machines called mass driv- of Costa Rica, underwritten by the World Limited, and trie Kosmograd Dynamo Col- ers. Mass drivers have been in steady op- Bank and the International Monetary Fund. lective grows stronger every year, but SCI eration for more than 20 years now. Once completed, the living section will be who will still benetits from its own head start. At the processing plants in space, the settled by Costa Rican immigrants Now that the United Slates has the four plastic is ground into a soil mix that plants plant and raise agricultural produce. Coffee, major spaceports, each close to the equator can grow in and live on. That accounts for rice, cocoa, vanilla, corn, and bananas will and with a land-free safety zone thousands the tall trees and the rich vegetation of High be the main crops. As Moorshaw and I, along staffers, of miles long downrange of it and to the east, Scottsdale and its-sister colonies. And there with seven other Bechtel boarded craft a docking port, he supersonic aircraft—the boomers—have fi- is plenty of hydrogen in the plastic to extract a small transfer at the economics of Bechtel's work . nally come into their own. And the identifiers chemically, liquefy and use for fuel to drive explained are for the spaceports—PPR at the Peter and space ships. The average lunar soil is 40 in space. New colonies in raw form Paul Rocks, off the Brazilian coast, MIS for percent oxygen by weight, so all of today's Bechtel's specialty. The.y can be sold the Maldive Islands atoll, AWP for the Ad- rockets burn "lox-hydrogen." cheaply because construction is automated like miralty Islands site, and EPS for the eastern Captain Kimura first became interested in and the designs are modular. Countries Pacific spaceport that serves our West space travel during a Irip to the United States. Costa Rica, where labor costs are low, buy cover travel Coast—have become familiar to space trav- Her family had visited the Disney World EP- raw colonies, provide loans to finish the elers. My boomer trip at 60,000 feet from for skilled craftsmen, and let them residents New York to PPR was routine. As always, interiors of the colonies. The new there was construction at PPR: runway ex- pay back their loans out of profits made from tensions for the boomers, new launch com- food sales to other colonies, where tropical plexes for the shuttles, and hotels for the produce fetches high prices.

Aspen. They fell in love, spent most of the runs a family farm on High Scottsdale with Iroubleshooters for Electric Export Incorpo- next two weeks together, and went through the help of heroignloon-ycar-oidson, Kevin. rated, a firm that operates the largest field of a difficult parting when they had to return to Alice got her degree in agricultural engi- mass drivers on the moon. Washington grew work. Now the couple has made a decision. neering from the University of Arizona at up in a disadvantaged inner-city district of

"Christopher's job is more portable than Tucson and moved to High Scottsdale ten Los Angeles. His chance at a decent edu- mine," Korolev explained. "So he's looking years ago, after her divorce. She's gone back cation began with a self-taught, pro- electricity little for work in one of the colonies. Meanwhile, to Earth only once since then. Kevin's father, grammed course in on a I'm putting aside half my salary this year io a high-school teacher, emigrated to a nearby computer at his local school. Normally. save up for a trip to England to meet his par- Washington makes only four trips to the moon ents, and Chris has put aside half of his sal- each year. This was an extra one. Mass driver ary so that he can rneel me here next month. number 275, after nine years of steady op- its ring We'll make a tour of all the English-speaking eration, had blown a load through colonies close to this orbit to see which one structure, All its sateties had failed. "It'll be a

of the impact. But I have to go first, For the next six hours I kept quiel and range tourists in High watched a professional at work. Korolev's because two seventy-five is still drawing task was to join the main subassemblies of Scottsdaie, residents of new, power from the solar-array bus. None of our machines have been able to lo- SCI's newest power satellite. Each had a ' inspection .. raw colonies mass of over 1.000 tons and had to be moved cate the short circuit." who had been yearning and slowed in exactly the right way, to arrive Washington and LeBrun picked me up at

Inn, I settled into small, on location just as its speed fell to zero. Ko- for a walk the Scottsdale and a rolev played the cruiser's drive and mass, comfortable compartment of their lander. We in a genuine forest.^ 39 hours later and its many arms, grabbers, and attitude con- .grounded on the moon line trols, against the sheer bulk of each mile- suited up for extravehicular activity. The long piece. She made every move with the of mass drivers stretched for more than five help of her laser-velocity meters and Ihe on- miles along the edge, of a lunar cliff, Each board computer, Except for a sandwich machine was 800 feet long. "They're based lunch break, she worked hard, totally con- colony live years later, and Alice feels that on the mass driver three design," said centrated, for the whole shift. As we re- the move helped bo".h parents to do a better Washington, "first proved out by the institute turned to Scottsdale. she mentioned that the job of raising Kevin. Before, travel costs to nearly forty years ago." In the silence of the

new power satellite, already sold to Brazil, Earth for annual trips were prohibitive, so lunar vacuum, I watched sunlit streaks ap- would be ready for checkout and the half- Kevin and his father kept in touch, awk- pear once per second, each a payload of of year delivery trip in about three months, wardly, only by videophone. Now Kevin of- lunar matter leaving the muzzle a mass per hour to begin Carlo Silvestri — proprietor of Silvestri's, ten makes weekend visits, and father and driver at over 5,000 miles located on the path that the Scottsdale peo- son plan exploration trips :o oistant colonies. the long, sixty-hour climb to L-2. over the ple call the High Corniche— has built up a Kevin checks the intercolony fares and As Washington picked his way flourishing trade by combining good food, watches for the discounts available when debris near the far end of number 275, fine wines, and his own personality. His lo- colonies in different orbits are at positions LeBrun stood by, ready to rescue him in case

trips fuel of an accident. It took three hours before he gistic problems, I learned, were curiously that allow for quick at low burn. different from those of a restaurateur on The McEwens operate a produce farm located the fused circuit breaker, and an-

It other cut the circuit safely. Then we Earth. Over cocktails in the late afternoon, unlike any I ever saw on Earth. lies in one hourto he told me about them. of the agricultural rings, a ten-minute walk returned to the lander, and from there Wash- "First of all," he said, "you have to under- tram the McEwen home on the Middle Cor- ington and LeBrun programmed the main- stand the huge difference between the niche. There Alice McEwen monitors tem- tenance robots to clear the wreckage. The prices ol domestic and imported wines. I'm perature, humidity, soil acidity, soil-water and next day the job of reconstruction began. As part owner of Sweet Water Vineyards, right trace-element content, and other variables our ship lifted off, we caught a glimpse of a patiently fol- here in High Scottsdale. We make very good' for. plots of land separated by glass walls swarm of robots at number 275. the ring. farming is surpris- lowing the work program that Washington wines—there's never a bad year—and I can along Her area 20- laid out. sell at reasonable prices. But if a customer, ingly small -the total strip spans only a and LeBrun had

insists on a wine from California or France, I by 200-foot plot. "But don't let that fool you,"

sky, 1 have to point to the price side of the wine list she said: "We keep, the day length at nine- Back on Earth, scanning the night think of peaceful colony of High Scotts- first, or I'll have-trouble later." teen hours, use. a high carbon dioxide con- the

1 Instead ol hav : ng suopfes delivered, Sil- centration lor rapid plan growth, and get six dale— invisible at this distance, but never- vestri spends more than four hours eve.ry day crops per year. Our yield is terrific — eighty theless the shining manifestation of plans visiting each nearby colony that raises fine pounds of produce per square foot per year. drawn decades ago. DO 73 OMNI PLASMAS UNDER GLASS BY KATHLEEN STEIN

JPTtf points inside the globe, electromagnetic waves strike gas atoms, knocking electrons loose from their moorings and' releasing photons of spectral color. This process, PHOTOGRAPHS BY PETE TURNER called gas ionization, creates what looks like lightning but is known as a plasma. Plasmas don't obey the laws of solids, gases, or liquids, says

artist Bill Parker, thirty-two, a phys- ^Plasmas are substances that are ripped apart, torn asunder The gasbag model of the universe's origins has these same interactions.^

Hlidden in the base of each sculpture are three microprocessors that generate high-frequency radio waves. Broadcasting from the an- tenna in the sphere's center, the waves trigger a reaction in the rare gases: Plasmas are born. The electromag- netic field continuously restimulates exotic gases—argon, xenon, krypton, and others. Dislodged electrons are recaptured by other gas atoms, sustaining plasma chains. Touch the glass "cage," and electric field the trapped inside is free space," Parkersays. His art. "pub- drawn toward a natural ground, lished" by Visual Technologies of using the body's liquids as a conduit. New Canaan, Connecticut, can be "Somewhere in the universe, plugged in like one of Edison's bulbs, these things may be generated in but it lasts a century longer.DO —

ously. And a few weeks after the Intelsat fail- sense, but it also concer^ates the risk. With ure, one of the giants of the industry—the as much as$400 million riding on each shut- Orion Insurance Company of London tle, the insurance industry would be leveled

pulled out. Other companies still wonder if a single shuttle launch failed. dollar policies for such companies as West- whether they should do the same. "We suggest that they disperse the com- ern Union. Intelsat, and AT&T. A typical pol- Will the space-insurance industry sur- mercial launches," says Barrett. He believes icy would cover any phase of the satellite's vive? Experts say yes, although they're not that it would be smart for NASA to hitch just life, from prior to the launch, to the mounting sure exactly how. Premium rates may in- one or two commercial satellites to military of the satellite on the rocket and its place- crease appreciably for satellites, adding or scientific missions. ment in orbit, to its "life" in space. The sec- millions of dollars to the cost of each launch. Another option, says Barrett, is to arm in- ond phase is the riskiest, with correspond- "That could be very bad for the bro- surers with additional technical information. ing policies costing anywhere from 15 to 18 kers," says Gerald E. Frick, managing direc- His company hires engineers to study every percent of a satellite's value. "If a satellite tor of the brokerage firm of Marsh and component of the rockets and vehicles to be costs one hundred million dollars, the insur- McLellan, Inc. "If we have several more insured. And underwriters are trained to ance premium is fifteen million lo eighteen losses, it could force rates to the point where analyze every facet of the risk. "We need to million dollars," says Hewins, of Inspace. companies might not buy any insurance." get into the factories, to find out which parts "That's much, much higher than the cost of Some brokers are looking lor more per- are reliable and unreliable," he explains. That insuring a jumbo jet or oil rig." manent solutions to the problem. One is to way Barrett can more accurately insure each

But the risks are higher still. In the Sixties have insurance companies assume a more phase of a space shot—and have a better and Seventies five insured satellites worth reasonable degree oi risk. Most communi- chance of beating the odds. tens of millions of dollars failed lo reach or- cations satellites go into orbit carrying as Some insurers think that satellite-rescue bit. The insurers paid up. Even after the 1979 many as a few dozen transponders or radio missions, like the one performed on the So-

Satcom 3 casualty i: seemed like the indus- relays. Under many current policies, if only larMax in April, will both aid the industry and try could eventually bounce back. Then this one out of the two dozen transponders fail, encourage private enterprise in space. NASA year, three "hits," as Barrett calls them, the whole satellite is a write-oft, and the in- has proposed recovering the two lost satel- brought the high hopes crashing down. The surers cough up tens of millions of dollars. lites launched from the shuttle last February. losses proved to be catastrophic, "They to- Now certain b'okers are suggesting that in- But not everyone sees this as an answer. tally wiped out the hcusm/ s oremiums," says surers pay in direct proportion to the dam- "What's the value of a damaged bird?"'

Hewins. Another broker said, "This may end age. "If half the transponders fail, we should asks one broker, He claims that when you the game." pay only hall," says a broker. subtract the cos! of retrieving and refurbish-

Indeed, even now, the space-insurance Barrett would like to reduce risk by re- ing the satellite Is value :s less than 20 per- industry is in disarray. No new policies have structuring the shuttle program. Currently cent of the original cost. been written since February— currently NASA plans to carry up to four commercial "What we really need," he adds, "is a year scheduled shuttle trips were insured previ- satellites per launch. That makes economic without accidents. "CXI ' EARTH

says Shelley Schleuter, one of those who helped sabotage the hunt. Like many social movements, hunter ha- rassment- has recently spawned an extre- mist contingent as well. Called the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), this faction doesn't harm people but does commit vandalism against those who harm animals. "We're freedom fighters in the radical front," explains a woman known as Sonya, an ALF member who declined to reveal her full name or where she was calling from. "We're out to cause maximum property damage and to intercept the machinery of destruction and death." In the past year, Sonya claims, ALF mem- bers have spray-painted furriers and mur- derers on fur-store windows in New York. They've broken into medical labs and "lib- erated" animals, and they've targeted hunt- ers who reportedly break the laws. "There was one hunter who took game illegally and also mistreated his dogs," Sonya says. "Caro syrup was poured into the engine of one of his cars. The other automobile was com- pletely smashed with a heavy instrument Then his mistreated beagles were liberated and placed in foster homes," Such actions the activists argue, are nec- essary because fish-and-game commis- sioners cater to hunters, not to the animals they're supposed to protect. Officials, they say, allow herds to become overly large, then

use hunting to control the population, If na- ture were allowed to take its course, on the other hand, animal populations would even- tually even out to a steady state. But mainstream conservationists dis- agree. Alan Wentz, of the National Wildlife Federation, says that habitat loss, not hunt- ing, threatens wildlife, Last fall in Massachusetts, for instance, fish-and-game officials proposed a deer hunt at a refuge. The purpose was to thin out the herd, but the hunt was canceled after sev- eral confrontations with antihunters. At last count, an estimated 35 percent of the deer herd had starved. Arguments put forth by Wentz and his col- leagues have begun to prevail, Ten states have passed laws banning hunter harass- ment; ten more are considering the same. Furthermore, a bill pending in Congress

would make crossing state lines in order to harass hunters a federal crime.

"It's a volatile situation," says Joseph Clif- ford, assistant attorney general in Arizona, which passed the first such law in 1981. "We passed our law just to keep the peace."

But activists, who say the legislation is a

sellout, don't see it easing an already tense situation. "It will only increase civil disobe- dience," warns Jim Mason, editor of Agenda] for a free catalog an animal-rights newsletter. I t i lioe Corp, BtlyiLini, Wisconsin 53004 "The hunters are the ones who are doing 1-800-558-86S3, Telex 260021 the harassment" a fellow activist adds. "What in Wisconsin, 1-800-242-7220 takes precedence? The right to kill animals or the right to save them?"CXD I „

For our sixth birthday: a six-sided, flat paper puzzle you can unfold to reveal the future EXPLAY

par. r ,*mr r

BY SCOT MORRIS

Some inventions come from lucky accidents. Others take care-

ful planning and design. It took a combination of all these ele- ments to produce the hexaflexagon, the intricate paper model you can make yourself, using the plans on pages 97 and 98. This amazing bit of topological tomfoolery has entranced Nobel Prize-winning physicists, top-flight mathematicians, and

uncounted numbers of college sophomores. It can serve as a ii playful introduction to combinatorics, the branch of mathemat- ics that studies how the elements of a system combine and that has recently become essential in computer programming. The curious object owes its origin to the trivial fact that British notebook paper and American notebook paper are not the same size. In the fall of 1939. Arthur H, Stone, then an English grad- PHOTOGRAPHS BY MANFRED KAGE

l*Jss ilfeSfe cuuid Ihe California Institute of Technology, told us uate student on a mathematics iellowship at "Overnight. I decided mat one doub'e of flexa- Princeton University, found thai he had a the thing up, so to speak, and do it all over recently what fhose halcyon days problem with the notebook paper sold on again." By the next day, he had conceived gon flexing were like. campus. Stone, now a professor of mathe- of a-hexaf.lexayer will' s:x different faces, "Stone came down one day with this thing

paper, Il surprising. Fasci- matics at the University of Rochester, re- and he built a working model of it. This made out of was nating, starled to fool around with it cently told us what happened: "I had to cut hexahexahoxagc-Y stared as a strip of 19 As we r complicated the standard American paper down to size triangles, which was wound around itself as we found we couid ~ake^o e faces. flat spiral until it the same shape as versions using more and more Some- to fit the homemade binder I had brought a had Ihe nine-triangle strip, but this lime times youd see a face and then couldn't find from England; so I had some longish one- previous

thickness ol paper. Ihen it again. I worked out a way of diagramming inch strips of paper toplay with. I amused with double Stone possible arrangements." myself by folding them into equilateral tri- folded this strip into a hexagon, following the all Ihe same sleps he had usee; the day before. And Stone adds: "Feynman invented a dia- angles. I twiddled with one of these strips c/anr-ax: rep-cscrtation of the way a flex- il is that read- and noticed it formed a hexagonal pattern ihis hexanexaflexagon Omni aeon fits together. His model converts the that would flip over when flexed." ers can make from our plans. jlem in graph This first discovery starled with a straight Stone showed his discovery to some

it diagram. stfipofnine equilateral Iriangec -hid- when friends, and seer -m paper hexagons were theory. We called a Feynman derived that would bent back on itself and joined into a closed being flexed in every Princeton- dormitory Tucker man a method in- tha-. could lake hexagon and cup. "ori'-.s a six-mangle hexagon. Stone was and cafeteria. Three Tien who were most guarantee you a

faces. It systematica'^ Iraversed amazed to find that by opening up, or "flex- terested formed what has been called the find all the diagram." ing" the hexagon, the top face would move Hexagon committee. With Stone, they set the Feynman

discovery by l " io Hexagon com- to the bottom, the bottom lace would dis- about studying Ihe mathematical and theo- An early strategy to bring out all appear inside the folds, and a new stx-tri- retical aspecis of the toy. The group in- mittee was a simple trial and er- angle face, prev'ousiy invisible, would rise cluded some high-powered names: Rich- the laces of a flexagon without hold the with One side up oui of the model's innards. There were three ard RFeynman. whowouc iaterwinaNobel rcr. Srnply model unfolding, or flexing, it at the same faces in all. but when the model was flat, Prize for his work on subatomic-particle in- and keep

unlil it open anymore. Then only two wore visible—top and bottom. By teractions (Omni Interview, May 1979); Bryant crease refuses to will eventu- repeated flexing, these faces could be Tuckerman. now a researcher for IBM; and shift to an adjacent corner. This all six faces of the flexagon in a moved in succession from the bottom, John W. Tukey, Ihe eminent statistician fa- ally expose flexes. part of the process it through the hidden interior, out to the lop. ther of modern ca:a analysis and a National cycle of 12 As w'i| one. Ihree three and then back around to the bottom again. Medal ol Science reeipier now a research turn up faces two. and ofien as four, five, and six. Had the. discovery been made by some- consultant for Bell Labs and a professor of times as such Because the- original o secvey was made one else, it might have been sel aside as an statistics at Princeton. With minds as the pattern of unfold- amusing toy and forgotten. Bui Stone was 'hose engrossed in paper folding. Stone's by Bryant Tuckerman. - long. ings is now called the Tuckerman traverse. just the man to take it seriously. "The next invention couldn't remain a toy for tells Feyrma-i. row a orefescoi of physics at (The figure on page 96 shows the Tucker- stop is one I am proud of," Stone us.

•: man traverse lor the hexaiexafexago i n :n " issue.) I\ accorc ng to ihe formula, you flex the -".odd ; rorn one side without overturning

it over, you will move all six faces n I tie order and direction shown by the arrows, If you flip the model over and start from the other side, the cycle will run in reverse order. Mathematical insights inspired by flexa- gon theory have appeared sporadically. Some of the more interesting theoretical in- sights include the fact that Stone's original - three-faced 'r hexa exagon qualified as a Mdbius strip. A Mdbius strip s lormed when a band of paper is joined with itself after an odd number ot half-twists. The resulting loop has only one surface and one edge [Omni Games, March 1983). When the number of half-twists is even (as with the flexagon in this issue, which has two half-twists), the band has two surfaces and two edges. So ours is not a Mdbius strip. As the number of desired faces in- creases, the number of possible ways of making such a flexagon rises in dramatic proportion. For example, there is only one variety each, of three-, four-, and five-faced flexagons, but there are three ways to make one with six faces 27 ways Io make one with nine faces, 733 varieties of 12-faced do- decahexaflexagons, and fully 49,536 ways ol making a 15-iaced version. As you fold the six-faced model in this is-

sue, you will begin to notice lhal it assumes two different forms; one in which adjacent triangles are .either two or four sheets of pa- per thick, and one in which adjacent trian- gles are either one or five sheets thick. This THE TRIVIAL PURSUIT SURVIVAL KIT. While the Trivial Pursuit game shortage lasts, please accept our apologies (and a few samples to tide you over).

r<© — - s home to Heineken beer? onds usually !Oli:0,:ltl!l,l=S.Ud LilB ir- elapsed before the CD CD ^.rj;.;, icted nn Missimf: /mpyssjJjfc? /*T?\ What British peerage gave its name to an •"cfN Wtntd.ttmJ 4B.CwasJuliU5Cac5ar K*1J overact, a sofa and a cigarette? \£lj assassinated? ^ »,„„„„„ oup did DArtagnan lead? Whatis xenophobia? Z^^N Wli = i> Ihc'er n for opposition to an electrical ndurtor?

Who retired with 755 home runs to his credit; (SL) What's them,; n vegetable in vichyssnise? ^

*t /hat are the only landlocked countries two in country is there ortcityofSl.Mnritzin:'

/ho was the first host of the original Tmtighl film featured th line, "Open the pod bay Hal"?

(*tT\ What British prime miniEt wither was born snngistraditior illy h'Vird when the \.gV in Brooklyn, New York? CD ss dent of the US. a @> .vi, wrote The Seem j„.,«.,,„ m

'' '- i^^Tv^) ; substance must tniK with food to give It

i^r*^ ivhi team did Abrah mM.Saperstein establish end on the road 1 1927? J

X-^. What's the world's sm llest independent state?

CD Where did Betty mee the leader of the pack? What was s. "Twoall-beef /fj\ What army was founded by William Booth and described patties, CD special sauce, lettuce eheese.pickles.onionsand fl (AL^ Whoso biography is titled llifdi? <@> Who wrote the poem The Road Not Takrnl

What food got its nar e from the way it hung in ^^^m Whafs the largest satellite orbiting Earth? <&) bunches like grapes?

/qT> Whnt drink was \r.\ i-nttd bv oilmen, who used What playing card w s once known as the devil's & redposfs?" Turn page for answers. THE TRIVIAL PURSUIT SURVIVAL KIT If you like these, remember: there are 5,964 more questions 8 in the Trivial Pursuit game (GONT.) worth waiting for.

CD —•""- 1 CD - /TTN March 15, or the Ides of

(gg) Th,Thr,oM„,ke,«,.

d> s~"'"""d CD 1

t£||") HMloOitCUef CD -

Hi.-i-.rj David Thoreau

/g?N The Harlem P t&ljJ Globetrotters

CD — CD - 1 fgA A; the candy store CD AB,sM,[ CD

! VlAL rilRSUIT" i JH 1. Cut out the three pieces on page 97. Cut olf the "tape" flaps, and tape the strips'on both sides into a single, straight 19-triangle strip in the order shown above. The side facing up should show nothing but the fragmented images of computer-chip circuifry (triangle one), silhouettes of people (triangle two), and glowing plasma light (triangle three). The back of the strip shows triangle number four (solar eclipse) triangle number Five (legs running), and triangle number six (an astronaut floafing in space) arranged two by two as a row of image pairs.

2. Position slrip so that Ihe end point of triangle one is on top at left (see above). Score ihe paper along the lines, and fold the strip, along every other line, into a flattened spiral. When you are through, triangular surfaces one, two, and three (computer chip, people, and glowing plasma) should be on top.

4. Put glue or two-sided tape on the blank back of the projecting triangle one. Fold in

3. Fold the left part of -the strip down along

line ,46 so the strip looks like this.. Then fold the lower part up and away from you along back to complete face one. You. should get . CD. covering the front of triangle three. the finished product shown above. 5. All number-two (aces One people) should 6. To flex the finished product, pinch to- be on top, and all number-one laces (com- gether two arjjacen: "rang es on the right with puter circuitry], on the bottom. Now your thumb and fcefmger. berdng the paper up

hexaflexagon is ready for flexing. toward you along the crease belween them,

7. Simultaneously, with your left thumb, push 8. When the folds are squeezed together to

down and in on the crease on the opposite make a three-point star, pull it open at the

side of the hexaflexagon. Grasp underside top so it looks like an unfolding flower bud. along crease, using thumb and forefinger. This will reveal the next surface.

This diagram, named the ruckerman tra- The drawings above show how the various elements verse, was developed by mathematician on any face of a hexaflexagon "'ay change their orien-

Bryant Tuckerman. It maps out a proces- tation and the f lexagon's image. The image of the people

sion of faces. If you flex the model from one symbolizes love, ihe face of the computer chip repre-

side (without turning it over), this route will sents work, and the glowing-plasma art stands tor play.

take you through all six faces. If you happen As you explore Omni's hexaflexagon and discover dif- to start from the other side, the same cycle, ferent combinations of images, look for other symbols of

wilj.run. but in reverse order. life in the future. Write us about whal you have found.

96 OMMl

y mother and aunt said that when I was learning

to talk. I talked to people they could not see or hear, sometimes speaking in our language Before the eyes of a reluctant mystic, past and sometimes saying words or names they did not know. future mingle on the canvas of the mind and [ can't remember doing that, but I remember that I could not understand why people said that a room was empty or that there was nobody in the gardens, because there were always people of different kinds, everywhere. Mostly THE VISIONARY they stayed quietly, or were going about their doings,

BY URSULA K. LEGUIN PAINTING BY MICHAEL PARKES or passing through. I had already learned dren than many children do. after I was seven party and the excitement el Ihe games and

that nobody talked to them and that they did or eight years old. Also, though I went all ovor races and the beauty and passion of the

Telina with father it not often pay heed or answer when I tried to my and knew all the ways horses, who thought was all their festival.

talk to them, but it had not occurred to me and houses, we never went out of town. My The mare taught me how to ride thai day,

that other people did not see them. iamily had no summer house and never even and I was on horseback all night dreaming,

I had a big argument with my cousin once visited the hills. "Why leave Telina?" my and the next day, rode again; and on the

when she said there was nobody in the wash grandmother would say. "Everything is here!" third day 1 rode in a race, on a roan colt from

house, and I had seen a whole group of peo- And in summer the town was pleasant, even a household in Chukulmas. The colt ran sec-

ple there, passing things from nand to hand when it was hot: so many people were away ond in the big race when I rode him and ran and laughing silernly. as f they were playing that there was never a crowd at the- wash first in the match race when the boy who had some gambling' game." My cousin, who was house, and houses standing empty were raised him rode him. In all that glory of fes-

older than t, said I was lying, and I began to entirely different from houses full of people, tival and riding and racing and 'riondship, I

scream and tried to knock her down. I can and the ways and gardens and common left my childhood most joyously, but also I

feel that same anger now. I was telling what places were lonesome and lazy and quiet. went out of my House, and got lost from too

I had seen and could not believe she had It was always in summer, often in the great much being given me at once. I gave my

not seen the people in the wash house; I heat of the afternoon, that I would see the heart to the red colt I rode and to the boy thought she was lying in order to call me a people passing through Telina-na, coming who rode him, a brother ol Ihe Serpentine of

.liar. That anger and shame stayed a long upriver. They are hard to describe, and I have Chukulmas.

time and made me unwilling to look at the no idea who they were. They were rather It was a long time ago and not his fault or

people that other people didn't see or short and walked quietly, alone, or three or doing; he did not know it. The word I write is

wouldn't talk about. When I saw them, I four—one after the other; their limbs were my word; to myself let it be brought back.

looked away until they were gone. I had smooth and their faces round, often with So the Summer games were over in our thought they were all my kinfolk, people ot some lines or marks drawn on the lips or town and the horse riders went oft downriver

my household, and seeing them had been chin; their eyes were narrow, and sometimes to Madidinou and Ounmalin; and there I was, companionship and pleasure to me; but now a thirteen-year-old woman and afoot.

I felt I could not trust them, since they had I wore the undyed clothing I had been

it I got me into trouble. Of course I had all making all the year before, and went often backward, but there was nobody to help me to the Blood Lodge, learning the songs and

get it straight. My family was not much given mysteries. Young people who had been '•Electricity is to thinking about things, and except lor going friendly to me at Tie ga-cs remained friends,

to school, I went to our heyimas only in the like horses: crazy and and when they found I longed to ride, they Summer before the games. shared the horses of their households with willful and When I turned away from all those people me. I learned to play vetulou and helped with reliable. that I had used to see, they went on and did also If you are caring for the horses, who were stabled and

not come back. Only a few were left, and I careless and pastured then northwest of Moon Creek in

was lonely. Halfhoof Pasture and on Butt Hill. I said at running counter, a horse I liked to be with my father. Olive of the the Doctors Lodge that I wanted to learn Yellow Adobe, a man who talked little and or a live wire is a horse doctoring, and so they sent me to learn was cautious and gentle in mind and hand. that art by working with an old man, Striffen, contrary and perilous thing.3 He repaired and reinstalled solar panels and who was a groa: doctor ol horses and cattle.

collectors and batteries and lines and fix- I would listen to him. He used different kinds

tures in houses and oubui dings; all his work of noises, words like the matrix words of

was with the Millers Art. He did not mind if I songs, and different kinds of silences and

if I came along was quiet, and so I went with breathing; and so did the animals. But I never

him to be away from our noisy, busy house- looked swollen and sore as if from smoke or could understand what they were saying.

hold. When he saw that I liked his art, he weeping. They would go quietly through the Once when I came to the Obsidian heyi-

began to teach it to me. My mothers were town, not looking at it and never speaking, mas for a Blood Lodge snging, a woman, I

not enthusiastic about that. My Serpentine going upriver. When I saw them I would al- thought her old then, named Milk, met me in grandmother did not like having a Miller for ways say the four heyas. The way they went, the passage. She looked at me with eyes as son-in-law, and my mother wanted me to silently, gripped at my heart. They were far sharp and blind as a snake's eyes and said, learn medicine. "It she has the third eye. she irom me, walking in sorrow. "What are you here for?"

ought to put it to good use," they said, and When. I was nearly twelve years old, my I answered her, "For the singing," and hur-

they sent me to the Doctors Lodge on White cousin came of age, and the family gave a ried by, but I knew that was not what she had

Sulfur Creek to learn. Although I learned a very big passage party for her, giving away asked.

I good deal there and liked the teachers. I did all kinds of things I didn't even know we had. In the summer went with the dancers and

not like the work and was impatient with the The following year I came of age, and we riders of Telina to Chukulmas. There I met illnesses and accidents of mortality, prefer- had another bjg party, though without such that boy, that young man. We talked about ring the dangerous, dancing energies my lavishness, as we didn't have so much left the roan horse and about the little moon-

father worked with. I could often see the to give. I had entered the Blood Lodge just horse I was riding in the vetulou games.

1 electrical current, and there were excite- before the Moon, and the party for me was When heslrokcdi.no roar hesc's flank, I did ments ot feeling, tones of a kind ol sweet during the Summer Dance. At the end of the so too, and the side of my hand touched the music.barelytobeheard. and tones also of party, there were horse games and races, side of his hand once. voices speaking and singing, distant and for the Summer people had come down from Then there was another year until the

it hard to understand, that came when I worked Chukulmas. Summer games returned. That was how

with the batteries and wires. I did not speak I hadnever been on horseback. The boys was to me: There was nothing I cared for or

of this to my father. If he felt and heard any and girls who rode in the games and races was mindfui of but the Summer and the of these things, he preferred to leave them for Telina brought a steady mare for me to games. unspoken, outside the house of words. ride and boosted me up to her back and put The old horse doctor died on the iirst night

My childhoorj'was like everybody's, ex- the rein in my hand, and off we went. I felt of the Grass. I had gone to the Lodge Re-

cept that with going to the Doctors Lodge like the wild swan. That was pure joy. And I joining and learned the songs; I sang them

and working with my father and liking to be could share it with the other young people; for him. After he was burned I gave up learn-

alone, perhaps I played less with other chil- we were all joined by the good feeling of the ing his art, I could not talk with the animals 102 OMNI connection and not grounding the wires. undyed clothing when I should no longer do or with any other people, i saw nothing clearly bad smelled the smoke and put out the fire so. It enraged me that she should so distrust and listened to no one. I went back to work- They nothing her in denial before it did harm, but my father, who me; yet I would say to ing with my father, and I rode in the games much

novice, or ..explanation. My father knew that I was sick in Summer. My cousin had a group of friends, had brought me into his Art as a was

heart, but it soon after that that I set girls who talked and played soulbone and so alarmed and angry that he forbade me at was anger. As for dice, gambling tor candy and almonds, to work with him until the next rainy season. the fire, and his worry turned to in love with Blue Clay year I fifteen years my cousin, she was a sometimes for rings and earrings, and I hung At the Wine that was interested in nothing else; the girls I around with them every evening. There were old. I got drunk for the first time. went around boy and

shouting and talking to people nobody with whom I gambled had taken to smoking no real people in Ihe world I saw at that time. town

I never liked: and though 1 lot of hemp, which All rooms were empty. Nobody was in the else saw. So I was told next day, but could a

I looked after if I the friends with rode and common placesand gardens of Telina. No- not remember anything of it. I thought got whom

still kind, I did not want to I were body walked upriver grieving. drunk again, but a little less drunk, might the horses with much or even with horses. When the sun turned south, the dancers see the kind of people I used to see, when be humans

it was. I I had and riders came again from Chukulmas to the ways were full of them and they kept my did not want the world to be as up the world. races, soul company. So I stole wine from our house begun making Telina, and I rode in the games and

of barrel left in I made the world this way: That young man spending al! day and night at the fields. Peo- neighbors, who had most a

of in Chukulmas felt as I felt; and ple said. "That girl is in love with the roan bottle after the dance, and 1 went down alone my House this I after the Grass stallion from Chukulmas," and teased me by theNa in the willow flats to drink it. would^o to Chukulmas

bottle year. He and I would go up into the hills to- I first and about it but not shamefully: everybody knows drank the made some gether and become forest-living people. We how adolescents fall in love with horses, and songs, then I spilled most of the second bot- roan stallion and go to Looks songs have been made about lhat love. But tle and went home and felt sick for a couple would take the would to the grass this time I Valley, or farther; we go the horse knew what was wrong; He would of days, I stole wine again, and Up country of the Long Sound, where, I dune west no longer let me handle him. drank two bottles quickly. made no songs. fell he had once told me. the herds of wild horses In a few days the riders went on to Madi- I felt dizzy and sick and asleep. Next flats run. said that people went from Chukul- morning 1 woke up there in the willow He dinou, and I stayed behind. wild horse there, Things are very obstinate and stubborn, on the cold stones by the river, very weak mas sometimes to catch a

it was country where no human people but also there is a sweet willingness in them; and cold. My family was worried about me but would live there together alone, I could lived. We They offer what they meet. Electricity is like after that. It had been a hot night; so taming and riding the wild horses. Telling horses: crazy and willful and also willing and say 1 had stayed out for the cool and had

this world, in the daytime I made us mother I lying myself reliable. If you are careless and running fallen asleep, but my Knew was live brother and sister, but in the nights, counter, a horse or a live wire is a contrary about something. She thought it must be that as

but for lying alone, I made us make love together. I inland with and perilous thing. I burnt and shocked my- had come some boy

I off going not it. It The Grass came and passed; put self several times that year, and once I started some reason would admit shamed telling myself that it would be I to Chukulmas, a fire in the walls of a house by making a and worried her to think that was wearing

VIABLE ALTERNATIVES

050' /

rvVJL better Id go allor ".he 8 jr was danced. I had

ar danced the Sun as an adult, and I _ lb us, it's a technical wanted to do that; after that, I told myself, I wouldgotoChukulmas. All along I knew that

if it matter. with 23 precise, went or I did not go did not breakthrough I and all wanted to do was to die.

It is hard to say to yourself that what you

reliable parts. want to do is die. You,keep hiding it behind

other things, which you pretend to want. I To you, it's just a flick of the Bic. was impatient for the Twenty-One Days to begin, as if my life would start over with them.

On the. eve of the. first day, I went to live al the heyirnas.

As soon as I set foot on the ladder, my heart went cold and tight. There was along- singing that night. My lips got numb, and my

voice would not come out of my throat. I wanted to get out and run away, all night,

but I did not know where to go. Next morning three groups formed:: One would go over the northwest range intowild

country in silence: one would use hemp and mushrooms for trance: and one would drum and long-sing. ' could not choose which group to join,

and this distressed me beyond anything. I began shaking, and wenl to the ladder but

could not lift my foot to climb" it, The old doctor named Gall, who had taught me sometimes at the Doctors Lodge, came down the ladder, She was coming to sing, but the habit of her art distracted her, and she observed me. She turned back and said, 'Are you not well?"

"I think I am ill." "Why is that?"

"I want to dance and can't choose the dancing." "The. long-singing?" "My voice is gone," "The trances?" "I'm afraid of them." "The journey?"

TheWork. "I can't leave this house!" I said loudly and began to shake again. a beeline to the JUKI 61 00—one honey of a Make Gall put her head back with her chin sunk daisywheel printer. Prints all you need— including in her neck and looked at me from the tops graphics—with letter-quality finesse. 18 cps of her eyes. She was a short, dark, wrinkled action for under $600! Lightweight—quiet— ~ woman. She said, "You're already stretched. Jl 1 00-character printwheel—and compatible with most p.c.'s. Its 2K buffer (expandable Do you want to break'-'" Sr to8K) lets you use your computer for ' "Maybe it would be better." other things while the JUKI'S printing. And "Maybe it would be better to relax?"

. it Selectric II® §Sj™ uses inexpensive IBM* "No it would be worse." ribbons! Service available from your "There's a choice made. Come now." local JUKI distributor network or Gall took my hand and brought me to the Xerox®' Americare™ centers doorway of the inmost room of the heyirnas, nationwide. The JUKI 6100 where the people of the Inner Sun were. is rated at 2400 hours "I there. not old MTBF. JUKI 6100—the I said, can't go in I'm busy little bee that enough to begin the learning." needs. Gall said, "Your soul is old." She said the iKK £ everyone . same to Black Oak, who came from the gyre to the doorway: "This is an old soul and a young one, stretching each other too hard." Black Oak, who was then Speaker of the

Serpentine, spoke with Gall, but I was not able to listen to what they said. As soon as we .had come into the doorway of the inner JUKI room, my hair lifted up on my head, and my §£ One honey of a daisywheel printer. ears sang. I saw round, bright lights coming and going inside the room, where there was e information or the name of your nearest dealer: JUKI INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA, INC. (201) 368-3666 no light but !he dim shaft from the topmost I 299 Market Street, Saddle Brook, NJ 07662 325-3093 3555 Lomita Boulevard. Torrance, CA905Q5 (21 3 j skylight. The light began to gyre. Black Oak .

turned to me and spoke out s: that time, as he spoke, the vision began.

I did not see the man Black Oak, but the Serpentine. It was a rock person, not man In aworld nor woman, not human, bul in shape like a heavy human being, with the blue, blue- of shrinking standards, green, and biac* colors and :be surfaces of serpentine rock in its skin. It had no hair, and its quality lidless without our eyes were and transpar- ency, seeing very 'slowly. Serpentine looked at me very slowly with those rock-eyes. comes in writing.

I crouched down in terror I could not weep or speak or stand or move. I was like a bag How many things are there you can full of fear All I could do was crouch ther trust implicitly? Now consider Bic. could not breathe at all until a stone, maybe Serpentine's hand, struck my head a hard Our quality speaks silently, but blow on the right side, above the ear. It eloquently, for itself, knocked me off balance and hurt very much, \ We'll never cut a corner, and so that I whimpered and sobbed with the our quality control is ruthless. pain, and- after that 1 could breathe again.

; In short, even though My head did not bleed where it had been we struck but began swelling up there. make millions of pens a day,

I crouched, recovering from the blow and our reputation rides on the the dizziness, and after a long while looked next Bic you pick. up again. Serpentine was itanding ".rco : Because we believe stood there. After a while I saw the hands moving slowly. They moved up slowly and reliability shouldn't be a / came together at the navel, ai the middle of thing of the past, but a the stone. There they pulled back and apart. thing in the pocket. They pulled open a long, wide rent, or open- ing in the stone, like the doorway of a room

I into which knew I was to enter, I got up (Bic^ crouching and shaking and took a step for- ward into the stone.

It was not like a room. It was stone, and I was in it. There was no light or breath or room.

I think the rest of the vision all took place in the stone; that is where it all happened and was; but because of the human way human "FROM ONETOUGH MOTHER people have to see things, il seemed to change and to be other places, things, and |TO ANOTHER'-^ beings.

As if the serpentine rock had crumbled and decayed into the red earth, after a while lo design, build and market

i parka capable of withstand- I was in the earth, part of the dirt. I could feel

n.t r ho jiiiviv tempera- how the dirt felt. Presently I could feel rain SteofMSAA coming into the dirt, coming down. I could Nature is no small task. But here's just the per- feel it in a way that was like seeing, fall son for the job. My mother. down, on and into me, out of a sky thai was Her single-minded goal: to engineer the all rain. est outerwear out there. I would go to sleep and then be partly This Anacortes Parka is a prime examplt awake again, perceiving. I began feeling 'I iiaiMiv lueraJlv hundreds of ways stones and roots, and along my left side. I cou. We could began to feel and hear cold water running, used a shdl of anything but Gore-Tex®, a creek in the rainy season. Veins of water i>rnoi individually sealed each seam, underground went down and around through ft'b couL: Ve used less than 200; to that creek, in the dark through me seeping Thinsulate® insulation, left the dirt and stones. uniaue knit neckband, . _.

Near the creek, I began to feel the big, cord/snowbelt, and a few of the deep roots of trees, and in the dirt every- eight pockets. And who'd really where, the fine, many roots of the grasses, notice if we hadn't taken the the bulbs of brodiea and blue-eyed grass, time to double-sew the scam; the ground squirrel's heart beating, the mole ancbarack all stress points?

You guessed it, Mother asleep. I began to come up one of the great roots of a buckeye, up inside the trunk and Boyle would. out the leafless branches to the ends of the And compared to her, Mother Nature is a yuisyai. small outmost branches. From there I per- ceived the ladders of rain. These I climbed to the stairways of cloud. These I climbed to Bd

1946 a seventeen-year-old high-school dropout had a mo- nalists, and artists. When the couple are not giving speeches, Inment of despair. Desperate to escape from the tiny, insulated they are collaborating on their new book, Reinventing the World Mormon community in which he had grown up, John Naisbitt We Live In. a study of "role models of the New Age." had braved family censure to join the U.S. Marine Corps. But On TV, he is everywhere, a favorite pundit of such shows as when the drill sergeant cried, "Okay, you people, line up!" the Face the Nation when the topic is future oriented. And even in raw recruit's heart sank, Something. about the word people in- print, his classic, bearded features are familiar. Donning a black stantly brought home to him that he had only passed from one eye patch, Naisbitt posed last year for a Hathaway shirt adver- form of regimentation to another. tising campaign. On the floor of his nearby office are several Today, in happy contrast, Naisbitt at fifty-five is riding high- large, brown cartons, a perk of this venture: Hathaway gave him rich, famous, and even confessedly in love. He lunches with prime a lifetime supply of shirts. In the same spacious office, a coffee ministers and presidents, giving them the benefit of free advice table is strewn with assorted editions of the book that has brought that, when he gives a speech, costs business audiences $15,000. him celebrity. Since its publication in October 1982. Megatrends In his renovated town house in Dupont Circle, in Washington, DC, has sold more than 4 million copies worldwide, including 901 ,000 recently enlarged by adding the building next door, Naisbitt and hardcover in the United States, a publishing blockbuster of the his adored wife, Patricia Aburdene, host salons for poets, jour- stature of Roots. This year's paperback print run for North Amer- PHOTOGRAPH BY DAVID MICHAEL KENNEDY — I

ica alone is a staggering 2 million, with a launched with megahype, (he company de- beet farm. He is still mote high touch than choice of nine different Day-Glo colors for voting a major slice of its annual publicity high tech: He likes his VCR and radiotele- the embossed title. budget to the promotion. The hype back- phone, but so far only Patricia has mastered

The wellspring of Naisbitt's career seems fired in Sepfember 1983 when it provoked a their home word processor. Naisbitt writes to be his lasting curiosity about the world. scathing piece in Harper's, rudely enfitled with a pen, and though others in the com- Trapped in the marines, Naisbitt turned to 'John Naisbitt's Clip Joint." But by then the pany use micros, the Naisbitt Group data- books and spent his two years there read- book was largely immune, having become base is as yet uncomputerized. ing. Appetite fatally whetted, tie renounced such a publishing sensation that Naisbitt was Interviewed in his office by Anthony Liv-

the Mormon lile for college (Utah, Cornell, drafted to address the American Associa- ersidge, Naisbitt sat comforlably on a sofa and summers at Harvard) and a flourishing tion of Publishers' annual meeling. by a coffee table strewn with foreign edi- career in public, relations, writing speeches Most heavyweight reviews of the' book tions of his masterwork. He was wearing a and making films for the likes ol Eastman were quite respectful. "An intelligent, differ- smart white-and- blue striped shirt ("Yes, it's Kodak. IBM. and the late president Lyndon ent perspective that just might be of use." a Hathaway, luckily!"), and his yellow beard Johnson. Then one day in Chicago, where wrote The Walt Street Journal. "Much of what and hair, backlit by the window light, glowed he had settled to run a research firm on ur- he says is sensible," acknowledged The New with a kind of aura. He was the picture of a

ban' problems, his thirst for information led York Times, which called it "the literary prophet of a golden age. to a bright idea. equivalent of a good after-dinner speech." While reading a book based on newspa- The Times complained, however, that Nais- Omni: In his essay "Self-Reliance," Ralph per reports of the Civil War, Naisbitt won- bitt fell into "the familiar pitfall of forecasting. Waldo Emerson wrote that "in every work of dered why the same research method He says what is happening will continue to genius, we recognize our own rejected couldn't be applied to the contemporary happen, only more so." All reviews noted the thoughts." Are you glad that Megatrends United States. He boughl 50 dailies from irrepressible optimism of the book, which seems familiar stuff to many people? around the country and examined them ends with the memorable line, "My God! Naisbitt: That's the reason why the book has closely. Soon newspapers were piling up ceil- What a fantastic time to be alive!" been so successful. It's because people al- ing-high in his office, and he was in business ready knew what was in it. It documents and as a consultant forecasting trends in Amer- validates your own sense of things. That's

ica. Over the next 15 years his company went why it works. The book is just a little ahead through various permutations and combi- of the parade. nations. One change followed a megasplit Omni: Have you always had the courage to bring between Naisbitt and his female business bWomen think for yourself?

partner, who was briefly his fiancee. After very different vatues to the Naisbitt: It got bottled up lor a long time. I involve locksmiths was raised in Glenwood, a tiny town in the the wrangle escalated to iegal profession: and lawyers, Naisbitt gave up his interest in hills of southern Utah. It had only three hun- a Canadian branch of the enierprise. less adversarial, less dred people, incredibly insulated and iso- Today, under the logo of The Naisbitt antagonistic, less lated from the rest of the world. I had no idea Group, he markets his newsletters—the bi- what was going on. So when I finally did see macho, more cooperative— it weekly Trend Letter, $98 a year; the quarter- the world, I really saw with fresh eyes. You

ly Trend Report, $1,250 a year; and the more wanting can't imagine what I did not know! I finally monthly Bellwether Report, $375 a year managed to gel ou: at seventeen by joining to work things out$ and his complete corporate consulting pro- the Marine Corps. We're talking despera- gram, which costs $10,000 annually. The tion! Seeing San Diego was really a great

still trend spotting he serves up is based on the revelation! Perhaps I carry around a kind "content analysis" of some 300 local news- of innocence about the world,

papers, which are mostly clipped by Then I worked for corporations a long time.

NewsBank, a Connecticut firm Naisbitt Some ot the book's "overarching trends I became quite a conformist after a while,

I founded but no longer owns. The frequency which will define the new society," it was though I did realize it. When took my last of significant news stories on various topics pointed out, are very familiar: the "mega- paycheck from IBM fifteen years ago and

is counted and charted. Then Naisbitt and shift" to an information society, the global started my own company, I really began to his Washington staff of ten analysts read the economy, the shift to the Sunbelt. And there be my own person. charts and the clips, note the trends they were inevitable complaints that potential Omni: But you broke with the Mormon tra- perceive, and write them up. megatrends had been overlooked—the ag- dition at eighteen? Although Naisbitt may be the only con- ing of the population, the growing under- Naisbitt: Young men, and now women, in sultant in the United States using the con- class, the arms race. Mormon society at age nineteen go on a

tent-analysis technique, it has a precedent; But other ideas he presented were rated mission tor two years, preaching the gospel.

I joined the Employed by the Allies during World War II as original and provocative; that corpora- But hdidn't, because when ma-

to discern the pattern of internal events in tions will be the universities of the future, that rines I discovered the whole idea of reading

Germany and Japan, it is reportedly used the computer will overturn the pyramid of a book purely for pleasure and learning. I now by the CIA. Critics of Naisbitt's methods authority in the workplace, that the informa- spent two years in the marines doing noth- complain thai measuring newspaper linage tion society is already largely in place, and ing but reading books ll really got me going,

is hardly a rigorous basis for forecasting, that the president and the Congress are ob- so I said "No" to going on a mission —

compared with good statistics. He re- solete. One idea has become part of the lan- wanted to go to college. I also planned to

sponds that all foresight is inevitably intuitive guage: high tech/high touch, the notion that leave the Church. That scandalized my fam- and needs more than staiislics lo be in- as sophisticated technology overtakes our ily, the neighborhood, the Church, and formed, His method, he emphasizes, "fo- lives— in- hospitals, say—we seek out more everything else— but the theology seemed cuses on actual events and behavior." of the natural and familiar to compensate: a little crazy to me. My mother still prays every

Given a steady accumulation of clip- births at home, hospice care for the dying. day that I'll come back to the Church. I was

pings—2 million at last count—and anal- Naisbitt carries his triumph lightly. He is just out for her eightieth birthday. And I think little yses, it was clearly only a matter of time be- genial and talkative, with a loud, easy laugh she must have said a prayer. fore Naisbilt packaged his insights into a that signals hopefulness about love and work Omni: So it seems that you came relatively book. Megatrends, brewing lor 15 years, was in the future. This millionaire hasn't forgotten late to books and education?

completed in 1982. Marked early by Warner that he grew up a farm boy in hard times, his Naisbitt: Absolutely. I took dumbbell English

editors as a likely best seller, the treatise was family scratching a bare living from a sugar- all through college. I was diagraming sen- 110 OMNI fences as a senior in college. I had not gone credible array of lifestyles with tasks that This is really a much more dramatic issue to high school, and had no idea of (he dif- need to be done, because we have the than whether employers will treat their em- ference between there, their, and they're. computer to keep track of the complexities. ployees decently. Many people will have a

Mormons emphasize education, but to my It you need one hundred people to do one choice, and good numbers will not join the hierarchical immediate family, that was not a priority. I am hundred eight-hour-day tasks, a computer old authoritarian companies,

still the only person in my family that has monitor allows you to have job sharing, part- where everyone has a superior and an in- graduated from college. time jobs, night shifts, and numerous ar- ferior. The new companies will allow workers Omni: Did you "experience the polygamy that rangements that add up to the one hundred. to experience personal growth as well as to was practiced by the Mormons earlier? Just as highways encourage more cars, the contribute to the growth of that institution. In Naisbitt: No. But my mother had eighteen computer is a tool that invites mora. com- this seller's market, there will be terrific com- brothers and sisters, since her father had plexity in society. petition to get people to work for a company. three wives, though only two at any one time. Omni: You think the computer gives people Today hospitals are on the cutting edge of

Women in those days used to die very young; individual treatment when it comes to their day care. There's a scarcity of good nurses. childbearing just wore them out. Brigham tasks and pay? Hospital A says, "Come work at my hospi- Youpg, of course, had thirty-three wives. But Naisbitt: Yes. It's a very liberating, individual- tal—we've got this beautiful day-care center that was at the end of the polygamous pe- izing thing. That's why the computer is the for your kid." Hospital B says, "Well, we're riod, just before statehood, when the Mor- last nail in the coffin of organized labor. The going to build one." Corporations will face

mons, in effect, gave up polygamy to be- whole philosophy of the labor union is to treat the same economic necessity of competing exactly things for shrinking pool of labor. positively, come a state. I never experienced any of everybody the same. Very few a More

that; I just heard the stories. could be more out of tune with the trends in once we begin to see ourselves as a global

Omni: So it's not an option for the future, then? society than organized labor. Because the economy, the whole world becomes a po- Naisbitt: No! Well, we can always hope! computer can now keep track of individual tential labor force. My company president is

Omni: Do you think it's a good thing? preferences in life-styles, the unions are in- an Argentinian who has been in North Amer-

Naisbitt: Only if women can do the same credibly out of tune. ica only a couple of years, but he's the best

thing. It doesn't seem right unless it goes guy I know of to run the company. both ways. Omni: So more companies are going to have Omni: Although you are a millionaire now, to use swimming pools to court employees, didn't you grow up with hardship? as some do already in California 9

Naisbitt: I was born in Salt Lake City, but dur- Naisbitt: Absolutely. The Friday-afternoon ing the Depression we moved to Glenwood, ^When you beer parties, the physical facilities, all thai

stuff. is to list, the Fortunate where I grew up on a sugar-beet farm. While put high technology into There going be a all the people in town were my cousins and 500. Look at Bill Moskowitz's new book. The society, it aunts and uncles, and we always had food Hundred Best Companies to Work for in

on the farm, it was a struggle to make a liv- seems antihuman, so America. As for the unattractive jobs, look in hasn't I what happened Sweden. There ing. It was hard work, but think growing up we try to on a farm is a terrific way to start life. been a Swede on the assembly lines for create a compensatory Omni: Are we really moving into an era of years. They're all Turks. Greeks, and other greater leisure? In New York and Washing- "high touch" so-called guest workers. In the United States ton, the amount of work many people do to there are many jobs at the lower end, ser- to restore the balanced earn success is staggering. vice jobs, that we refuse to take—that's why

Naisbitt: As I said in Megatrends, what goes Mexicans keep coming over the border. on in New York and Washington is not that Omni: How does your new book, Reinvent- important: This is not happening in San ing the World We Live In, describe this new Diego. Eugene, Wichita, and Tampa. They corporate attitude?

work all the time in Silicon Valley, but there Omni: The New York Times reports job sat- Naisbitt: The book deals with the new models you're talking about entrepreneurs, who are isfaction has plummeted at one major com- and guidelines for this new economy or so- just incorrigible that way. The trend in the puterized office, because workers suffer ciety. New model corporations are going to

United States, generally, is toward working from "computer monitoring. "The computers be like SAS airlines, or W. R, Gore and As-

fewer hours. .We've cut it in half in one hun- they use also track everything they do, even sociates, in New Jersey, who make Gortex, dred years—one hundred years ago Amer- the time they spend going to the bathroom. a sports material that keeps out rain and icans worked an average of seventy-three This spying is stressing the workers tremen- breathes at the same time. This company

hours [weekly]. We were mostly farmers, and dously, but if they strike, the company can has no titles, no bosses, and no map of man- farmers work twelve to fourteen hours a day, instantly transfer the work electronically to agerial authority. They have two objectives:

every day. You'd get up at five in the morn- another city. Wouldn't computers give em- to make money and to have fun. It works; ing, do the chores, and at night, after light ployers tremendous power over workers un- Sales have grown forty percent a year over

supper, do still more chores. God, you were less national unions protected them? the last five years. In a single year, Jan Carl-

just working all the time. Now it's fewer than Naisbitt: I'm just describing what is happen- zon, president of Scandinavian Airlines

thirty-five hours a week. In fifty years, it will ing. Already only sixteen percent of the [SAS], turned around from losing eighteen probably be about fifteen hours a week. workforce in the private sector is unionized. million dollars to earning three times that. He We're already a nation of clerks—you and In economically dynamic Florida and the stood the organization chart on its head.

I and all these other folk who process infor- Southwest, union membership includes only Those who are dealing with the customer are mation at various levels of sophistication. By about six percent of the workforce. But soon in charge. The rest work for them. At New 1990, about a quarter of the worktorce will the problem will vanish, because from about Hope Communication, a publisher, they in- be part-time, not just because of the com- 1986, we'll have full employment and tre- vest so heavily in their employees that they puter but because most women will be mendous labor shortages for the rest of the pay twenty-five percent above the going rate, working. Only fifty-two percent of women are century. As we are now approaching the end picking up medical and dental costs for the now working, and ninety percent of them are of the maturing of the baby boom, the econ- entire family and for any education course

in their twenties. omy is accelerating and creating new jobs. or seminar for personal growth. The presi-

Omni: Will t he-computer help women to In less than three years from now, there will dent's office was so nice, with such a view, combine careers and motherhood? be a negative net gain —more people leav- that he moved out, and now everyone uses

Naisbitt: Yes. The computer is a tool that ing than joining the workforce, which will it. They also have a rule; "We do business manages complexity. We can match an In- continue for the rest of the century. only with people who are pleasant."

tra OMNI different set of values to the legal Omni: What abou! the unflashy, old, low-tech or four years in nearly every jurisdiciion in a very profession: less adversarial, less antago- industrial companies that are still Ihe big- the United States. The turnaround has be- machismo, more cooperative- gest slice ot the economy? gun. As New York City starts to show sur- nistic, less work things out, In our very Naisbitt: They're disappearing. Blue-collar pluses; for example, it. has been hiring all more wanting to workers now make up sixteen or sevenleen kinds of new policemen and firemen. In the best law schools, not to mention medical will schools and architectural schools, about a percent of the total workforce, as against Eighties, I expect state and local activity of the are women. It was just sixty-five percent in the Fifties. By the end of rival the federal spending level of the Great third students seven percent fifteemyears ago. this decade the blue-collar percentage may Society in the Sixties. With all this growth, people who start drop to around ten percent. By my guess, Omni: What other areas are going to be bur- Omni: thick on the ground, too. blue-collar labor in the year 2000 will be geoning in the economy? businesses must be new hero in this society is the down to the three or four percent that agri- Naisbitt: Financial services will have abso- Naisbitt: The entrepreneur. Thai hasn't happened since we culture now is. lutely incredible growth as the United States last century, from an Omni: Does this decline threaten mass un- becomes increasingly a great financial changed, during the employment, since perhaps some workers clearinghouse for the global economy. Re- agricultural to an industrial society. Today's explosion is even bigger, couldn't be retrained for high-tech jobs? tailing, food and restaurants, travel, leisure, entrepreneurial the economic system is Naisbitt; To say they can't be retrained is elit- and the arts are all great growth areas. We're because access to renaissance in the arts so much easier. Information, not capital, is ist. The workforce in ihis country has always at the beginning of a critical resource, most people can been an alert, lively group. Second, the and literature. All this high tech that we have the and information. At the height of process has been going on for decades. We to put up with, particularly the computer, is gain access to the industrial period in the Fifties we were have half the number of steel- and automo- obliging us to reexamine our humanity, which creating companies at the rate of about tive workers we had. Hundreds of thou- we do in the arts and literature. There's an new thousand a year. Today you're sands of former steelworkers have now gone unprecedented interest in the visual arts, ninety-three against twelve thousand brand- into other work, where the jobs are. dance, and theater, all of which is regional bumping up nearly one third of Omni: You claim we are moving from an au- and appropriate to decentralization. new companies a week, which are being started by women and the tomotive to a computer-based economy, but — proportion is rising. Also, very young people in our 1.6-trillion-dollar economy, the com- don't have any figures, but puter industry, including software, is only are involved. We thirteen-year-olds write com- eighty billion dollars. there are who programs, incorporate, and go public. Naisbitt: But the computer industry is the puter

" line. intuition and even computers or drive them to work, how big a ing are growth areas, too. bottom Hunch and the functions of the entrepreneur—are sector of the economy can information really Omni: Do you personally detest lawyers? You faith—

gaining a respectability. I recently talked be? In the end, you need product, not infor- have called them parasitic. new Minister Margaret mation, don't you? Naisbitt: Yes, there is thai aspect of it. But I with Britain's Prime how entrepreneuhally driv- Naisbitt: In the end we need only shelter, wouldn't do anything without my lawyer, a Thatcher about : the entrepre- food, and clothing. We ve embroidered end- wonderful fellow who tries to keep me out of en the new economy is, how is the hero. While her husband, lessly on those necessities, but that's all we trouble and to get things done. Unfortu- neur new Denis, is great entrepreneur, she noted that require. With a truly global economy, it is the- nately, lawyers spend every day sketching a is not honored. oretically possible for every single American out the worst possible scenarios to protect in England the entrepreneur into banking, law, or the civil service, to be working at computers and not doing their clients. A whole lifetime with all that You go best the finest don't go into busi- anything else. We don't have to make every- negative energy! My God, it's a wonder that but the and don't start their own firms. thing ourselves. The opposite of this is to they are as decent human beings as they ness, and they is the Omni: Will many of the new jobs be in space? have one hundred fifly nations each meet- are. I think the job corrupting to human field is going Naisbitt: I think ihe whole space ing all its needs within its own boundaries. spirit I don't know if that's anything to do very, very slowly. The mining of the Today the world is somewhere between with the self-selection of people who go into to move is way these two extremes. law. My own son is a lawyer and well suited moon or building space colonies way,

bit of there. I don't think anything of any great Omni: What will become of the poor? to it. He's the cautious type and a a out will between Naisbitt: We've never done a good job in this pessimist, which is why he is successful. He importance happen in space end of the cenlury. The impor- country with the underclass—defined as has wonderful values, though. now and the of primarily and over- those unable to get jobs even in good times. Omni: Why will we have more lawyers? tance space comes in information society, whelmingly in communicaiions technology. It's clear we can't effectively attend to the Naisbitt: Because this satellites the size of our of- poor federally; so we must function more on "person-to- person exchanges will multiply We. will put up very sophisticated ones, so that the state and local level. We will have a tremendously—the number of telephone fices here, the interac- our individual dishes [antennas] can get ti- strong, heal thy- economy, as far as I can tell, calls, the number of memos, tinier. for a number of years. And the local and state tions—and more will go sour and need to nier and

If moving to global economy, treasuries will build surpluses, because of be settled in legal forums. Women will un- Omni: we are a influence. why is the South getting all the business ac- all the new taxes introduced in the last three doubtedly have a good They bring

114 OMNI CONT^UEDONPAGEI&S

itf there aren't 100 places for impromptu celebration, then

it isn't a good ciiy3

Moreover, many valuable qualities are already woven into the urban iabric. Cu- rious as it might sound, density—the quintessence of city life— is among them. So is the common history and memory embodied in municipal landmarks, a fact that's been recognized by the ever- growing preservation movement. The architects pointed out that the search for an ideal city created from scratch goes back to the earliest years of the Republic. One result of this "futuris- tic" thirking was the monumental plan for Washington, DC, laid out in 1790 and en- visioned as the future home of 800,000 people. Another was the tiny, Utopian community o( New Harmony, Indiana, which flourished briefly as an intellectual and cultural mecca in the 1820s.

Today that search is still on: Paolo So- leri is currently constructing the ecologi- cally and esthetically balanced commu- nity of Arcosanti, or "city in the image of man." And Donna Goodman is design- ing flexible new cities for the sea, space, and even the frigid poles. suppose was in the builders' minds?" he Some of their more traditional col- asks. "Slavery? You can't make people leagues, meanwhile, view the future city work if they don't want to. They'll die un- as an extension of the metropolis of to- der the whips. But they had something in day. Cesar Pelli, for instance, would alter the back of their minds that still thrills the urban environment with a central area people a thousand years later. of monuments, civic centers, and parks. 'And we could do it so much better than Morton Hoppenfeld, who designed the they could," he says. "There are so many planned community of Columbia,- Mary- more of us, and our technology is so in- land, would season the city with as much credible that we could build a city where variety and festivily as its people could everyone could look out on green space stand. Philip Johnson would combine and in two minutes be in the middle of skyscrapers with bazaarlike centers and the most exciting conjuringsof skyscrap- tight, crooked streets. ers, activities, and theaters." The city has traditionally reflected the Johnson's ideal city would be some- culture that spawned it, The classical where in the middle of the country. "Out Greek city, with its theaters and temples, of the plains," he says, "should rise was designed for democracy, dialogue, something like the Emerald City of Oz. and the .arts. The Roman city, sporting Mounting, mounting, mounting to sky- the Colosseum, the forums, and the Cir- scrapers much higher that the one-hun- cus Maximus, put power and order above dred-story buildings of today, we'll build everything. And the modern industrial two-hundred-story buildings, three-hun- city, which houses not thousands but mil- dred-story buildings! There's no point at lions of people, comes complete with all in stopping until you hit the edge of skyscrapers, factories, parks, highways technology. And we're nowhere near even and even overcrowded slums. knowing where that is." PHILIP JOHNSON The postindustrial city of the future, ^ High technology, though, would not be which will be marked by ever-changing An early champion of Ihe internalional the cornerstone of Johnson's city. The technology and the Computer Age, may style in architecture, Philip Johnson was houses, he explains, would be kept to the demonstrate more variety than any of known in the Fifties for creating simple, height of treetops, and most would be no these. The following visions are just a few rectilinear structures with steel, concrete, higher than eight stories, Johnson pro- possibilities, as seen by some forward- and walls of glass. But in recent years, poses, in fact, that residential areas re- thinking architects of today. he oar ng v switchec "us emphasis de- semble Islamic villages, with tight, signing buildings with historical refer- crooked streets no wider than 12 to 20 feet. "That's exciting," Pictures include Ron Peiiii's mGor^cajDc ences from statues to arches. really very he says. (top); Paolo Soieri's space colony (middle)'; Today Johnson says the clamorous city "There's absolutely nothing like a bazaar ana UKZr- receatrcn cenle^ leaigned icr the of the future will rise out of the same faith for the sheer joy of contact with other hu- top of New York's Pan Am Building (bottom). tnat nsoi'eo t'ne pyramids. "What do you man beings and goods."

11B OMNI To enhance the atmosphere still fur- ther, he adds, private cars would be prohib- Give them the card ited; people would instead use trolleys and subways. Neighborhoods and cultural cen- ters would be separated by rivers of green- to keep on top of ery: parks, golf courses, even cemeteries. Perhaps most important, though, John- son would like to shape the city of the future with the past. Currently reintroducing turrets all the rest. and arches and broken pediments to con- temporary buildings arounc the country (see

photos on pages 116 and 117), he' says, "If I

were to start on an ideal city, I'd go out and buy a lot of old lamps to copy. We can pick up anything from anywhere Why not?" That is not to say he believes the ideal city will get built. 'W'eve got to get ou' aims much, much higher," he says. "Cities are going io grow badly. But you can dream." EMIUO AMBASZ

An arcadia—the rural paradise where man and nature have made their peace—is an- other possible city of the future. To create this pastoral paradise, Emilio Ambasz, the former curator of architecture and design at the Museum of Modern Art, would build an underground settlement with an orchard growing over a computer center. An underground city does not mean buried houses and deep excavations, though, The one proposed by Ambasz has more in common with Native American dwellings set into the landscape than with

futuristic cave cities lying well beneath it. Ambasz would dot. his city with short, conventional structures and cover them with rolling fields, broken here and there by win- dows peering from the terrain. In the Am- basz vision, a small house would emerge

from the fields, its only obvious feature, the berms— ledgelike mounds of earth that contain solar collectors. Beyond these berms is a sunken courtyard leading down to the house, Inside, a broad bay window over- looks the land.

"It's a normal house," Ambasz insists, "built by normal means." He acknowledges one novel feature, however. Because the dwell-

ing lies under its own lawn, it would be easy for those inside to tell whether the grass was being tended: Residents could hoar the lawn mower on the roof.

Beyond the house, following the natural . terrain, comes another set of berms, this time the gateway to a terraced office complex.

Next lime i Windows seem to be cut from the ground as A Canon FlashCarc if the earth had grown eyelids. Though hun- - Itsas -small . \ Ily an incredit of within, visitors calculator, "Perfect lor having a>ong when us 1 dreds people work can de- tect only a few stark geometric patterns in 11 has raised numbers that respond beautifully to touch. And an 8-digit display and a memory to help an otherwise uncluttered field. cheek all the figures. "You don't have to have the city or the Better still, it runs on light. Any light. So you can take suburbs," Ambasz says. "This is a different " rt anywhere. . form of urban settlement because you have FlashCard. In white, silver, or gold. The Canon farmers working right next to computer pro- It's one card that makes a perfect gift. grammers. And we do have a tradition of living in the fields." Ambasz also suggests a change for the existing city. His concept starts with Man- ciilgFlashCard hattan, which he calls "the most advanced artifact of the urban nature of the twentieth century—an extraordinary three-dimen- .

sional chessboard with networks of sub- ways and energy and telephones and sew- ers on a neutral grid." hrthe PbcketPrinter After stripping most existing buildings from this imaginary "chassis," leaving only a few landmarks, Ambasz would like to ship Man- to put it all down hattan Island out of New York harbor. The floating island would call at harbors around the world, and—somehow—the "great frag- ments that have survived the decay of his- in black and white. tory" would be brought aboard. Greece would contribute the Parthenon; Japan, the Katsura Palace. "You would generate an ex- traordinary number of incongruous juxta- positions," Ambasz says. "You might also 'generate new meaning." PAOLO SOLERI

If Paolo Soleri has his way, the inert stone and mortar of the city will come to reflect the human soul. "Organic development on this planet has been the Iransformation of min- eral into mind," he explains. "I'm trying to advance a similar concept for the city itself." Soleri's vision might seem ephemeral, but

it is graphically illustrated by Arcosanti, his

"city in the image of man." Still under con-

struction, it was originally designed to ac- commodate 3,000 people in one vast, eight- acre superstructure. But because Soleri has received his funding just a bit at a time, he has decided to build his city piecemeal, in the form of five villages. The largest, Valletta Spring, will eventually house 1,200 people on a circle of land with a radius of a quarter mile. Cultural and business spaces, Soleri

notes, are already centrally located in adobe- domed buildings. A greenhouse area and a semicircle of 24-story high-rise apartments will be erected nearby. To save energy and reduce pollution, he adds, cars will be re- placed by moving sidewalks, elevators, and foot power.

In his design, Soleri notes, people will live,

work, and enjoy a collective life in close

proximity. "What I am trying to advance is self-containment, self-reliance, complexity, and miniaturization," he explains. "The idea is very much in harmony with what might eventually be built in space." Soleri feels Arcosanti has so much in common with space cities, in fact, that he has decided to add yet another project to

his significant output. He is launching the In- stitute ol Space for Peace and is designing space cities, he says, because "given the international situation, someone has to shout about the .fact that space could be' a very peaceful place." Soleri's space cities would be one- to ten- tn- m a pocKet. „. . ; cubic-mile "placenta envelopes." "We need they - . Why, choice of model an envelope," he says, "because we cannot ;- The reasonably priced TP-S with its easy -to -re;.,,

"' sustain life in the void. We need to envelop fluorescent display Or the even ••'* space, pump in an atmosphere, develop an iptiy. And show ecological balance, and then introduce life." youJ Soleri insists that space would render hu- man life uniquely feminine. The absence of gravity, he explains, would revolutionize our "muscle-bound" concept of civilization. "Physical effort" has been the basis of any SiWM Pocket Printer civilization up until the advent of technol- ogy," he says. "It has been the capacity of the male animal to produce muscular en- computer lines. "Diversity has eroded," he ergy. And that probably developed into what says, "as we become more and more one we have now as machismo, which hasn't single thing. There are very powerful forces much reason to exist, any longer." Indeed, for homogenization." without the need to fight gravily or lift heavy RAUL DE ARMAS loads, he says, "leanness, swiftness, grace, and a higher brain-to-flesh ratio will be the Powerful forces within the urban border more appealing and futuristic assets." might split up Ihe city, notes Raul de Armas, the By urbanizing space, Soleri says, we will a partner in Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, trans- really be exporting our minds. Which minds firm that has played a large part in we export into space, therefore, is of great forming urban areas across the country. in future that concern to us all: the peaceful or bellicose, "It might be decided the we the vulnerable or armored, the simple or should all go back to being tribes and hide complex, the graceful or muscled. We really in the mountains," he says. "God knows that must seed the cosmos with the more "naive" with guerrilla warfare, we might find our- values, he says, to spread peace and cope selves in fhis retrogressive phase. The city " with the "confining and potentially deaden- could go into a tailspin the "anti- ing situations of envelope life." The result, he says, would be Soleri says his cosmic envelopes will be city": the end of a 2, 000- year-old Roman in- in- in close communication with Earth for a long vention that has come to us surprisingly time to come. "The earth would become tact as a place of squares, circuses, markets, paradise for these space dwellers." he pre- and running water— a home for the poorest dicts, "something they would visit to learn and wealthiest alike. about beauty. We've always harbored the A guerrilla concept has developed in the notion of paradise in space," But life in a last 20 years, De Armas continues. "Small mountains, getting help bubble —where space is reduced as matter groups hide in the becomes mind—would be limiting. to survive through hidden networks. We can already see this trend in places like the -south PELLI CESAR Bronx, where people have created their own buildings down. Cesar Pelli cherishes the nasi so much mountains. by burning the " that monuments would dominate his city of In the future you might have the established side." the future. "They are essential," says the dean city and Ihe anticity, side by of Yale University's School of Architecture. De Armas says he would rather save and "They are something to put our hearts on, improve the existing city than dream of a an image we can share." One of the greatest metropolis built from scratch out on some mistakes of planners in the twentieth cen- great plain. "You are never going to get a real city." he says. "A tury, he adds, was to think they could create pure idea to become a ideally a utilitarian place that didn't need monu- real city is made of things that don't

if these ments. "A city is not made by accumulating work together, but you didn't have places of work or by accumulating places of things together, the city itself wouldn't work. city living," he explains, 'A city is made by the It is that crazy mixture that makes the elements that are common to the citizens." the place it is." built number The hub of Pelli's city would be a small Although his firm has a great park, surrounded by civic buildings and of buildings throughout America, De Armas public amenities, places "for shopping or says there is little that a single architect can praying or getting rnarried^all the things that do to change a city's course, particularly bring people together. when civilization is advancing so rapidly. 'What you need is that heart," he says, Like Ambasz and Pelli. De Armas sees an

"and the rest will grow on its own. One should implicit threat in computer networks, which nol build a city like a diagram or a machine. might undermine the social fabric by mak- in loca- One has to start planning a city like an or- ing it ever easier for people remote Nothing's more elegant than under- ganism. The best plan would start like a germ tions to exchange vast amounts of sophisti- only antidote is a human statement. Which is why plain toe and allow itself to change and to accom- cated data. The modate new ideas as time passes." one. "I would hope," he says, "when I'm Bal is anything but plain. It's smooth you're There is no way to dictate where the city through working on my computer and finest and perfect, made from the for o! the future would be built, Pelli says. That through working on yours, we can meet English calfskin. Plain enough to in park. city will grow where it grows because of a drink or a walk the suit your fancy. forces beyond a planner's control. "If the "You can never, never replace the warm handshake," Armas says. "There are See style #75143 and others at reason exists—for example, if oil is discov- De will build cities in the most times in life when you must touch flesh." finer men's stores and golf profes- ered—then we unlikely places, and people will flock there." sional shops. Or, see all 118 Foot- MORTON HOPPENFELD What worries Pelli is the possibility that the Shoe styles in our free opportu- Joy Dress city of the future will be a single, indistin- Morton Hoppenfeid had a rare to design catalogue: Foot-Joy, 144 Field St., guishable mass "It is necessary to have nity 20 years ago: the chance a Maryland farmland. Brockton, MA 02403, Dept. OM1 towns, small cities, medium-size cities, and city from a huge tract of large metropolises," Pelli says. "Those At a time when America seemed to be in its choices are-essential." last optimistic embrace of the future, devel- Dress Shoes acres Gentlemen's Pelli has been watching the small town oper James Rouse assembled 15,000 grow to resemble the metropolis, as people between Baltimore and Washington. He byFootjoy. view the same TV programs, talk on the asked Hoppenfeid to be the chief architect phone, jet effortlessly from place to place, of his ideal new town, Columbia. buy the same goods, and share the same Today, more than 60,000 people live there. II INTRODUCING THE HOME DECK FOR THE ROAD. IT EVEN GOES INTO REVERSE AUTOMATICALLY Ever notice that tapes you've recorded at home don't compensated ior. So the bass and mtdrange sound full sound as good when you play them in your car? That's and natural. Without boominess. And the highs come

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' But it is not Columbia ihat Hoppenfeld shows after lunch at Lex''"::!c" Ma-ke: ' It's part of la:-le. he notes. "I'd opt for vitality," off when he is asked how to build ihe city of a.dream, and it's only partially fulfilled, In Long Reach, he says, "the population the future. Instead, he takes a visitor to Bal- Downtown, which is a very important part of isn't dense enough for the kind of walking, timore's 200-year-old Lexinglon Market. the city, has barely started. You can't build mixing, and meeting of people that I like." There, white rubb'nc stows with what seems great cities with short-term economic goals, This wasacomp'C"isrj oetween the Rouse to be half of the city, he shouts over the but Columbia got caughl in thai crunch." developers and a county government that ruckus and revels in the smells of the food, The place is certainly pleasant enough wanted no urban flavor at all. the vivid colors of the stalls, the noise and and does meet many of Hoppenfeld's cri- But Hoppenfeld's dejection vanishes when commotion, and, mostly, the people. teria. There is. indeed, water, including a lake he comes across a grassy hillock. "In my

"If there aren't a hundred places for im- in the middle of downtown. The central fantasy." he says, "this is a building site. promptu Ihealer and celebration." Hoppen- shopping mall feels more like Main Street Someday, I'm going to show the people of feld says, "it isn't a good city. When you're than suburbia. There are markets scattered Columbia that there's a second Columbia to talking about cities, you're talking about life, throughout the ciiy, in the villages of Wilde be built. There are building sites every- not buildings. Architects are concerned with Lake. Harper s Choice. Oakland Mills, Owen where. If this were a four-story apartment shape and form, which is largely irrelevant. Brown, and Long Reach. The streets mean- block, it would add so much life." To me, an architect's work is not complete der. And there are trees everywhere. But What excites Hoppenfeld, in fact, is Co- until people flesh it oul and fill it up. something is'missing. lumbia's people. "They are highly edu- "One quality of a good city is an optimum "My disappointment is in the lack ot visi- cated," he says, "socially motivated, racially array of opportunities for developing your- ble urbanity." Hoppe-ife c says as he guides and ethnically integrated, and to a modest self—an array of choice in housing and ed- a visitor through the village centers that are extent, economically ilcg rated -all those ucation and shopping/' he says. That means the core of'Columbia's neighborhoods. good things. The Columbia dream is in place, the city musl be a large one, probably much His concerns range from the broad to the and many people have internalized it. This larger than Columbia. very specific. The shops, signs, and dis- has become their city." Hoppenfeld also thinks cities need many plays in Long Reach, as in the rest of Colum- DONNA GOODMAN bodies of water— rivers and lakes and bia, are tastefully controlled. But what must streams and ponds that people can get to have been a welcome oasis of esthetic calm Architect Donna Goodman stands apart easily. Trees must be a part of the skyline. in the mid-Sixi es now use Ooks boring. from today's dominant school of postmod- There must be. he says, great places of Given theohance to start again, Hoppen- ernism, which brings a sense 'of the past public gathering, made richer by a tempting feld says, "I would seek much more variety, into current design Sne lives and works on

variety of marker along ""eardering streets. much more lestivity. I would now permit neon. the corner of Bleecker and Broadway, above Hoppenfeld's vision, [hough, is grander How do you draw the. line- between the sat- the outdoor cafes and punk-rock boutiques than the city-he designed. "What we're going isfaction a person gets irorr expressing him- of New York City's Greenwich Village. Her

is it to see nol as wonderful as could have self and ihe needs of the community? 1 am sprawling loft, full of old molding, drafting been," he says, while driving into Columbia far less concerned now with, quote, good tables, and filing cabinets, does have a AN OFFICE THAT RESPONDS TO THE TOUCH BY OWEN DAV1ES

Back whGn he was just another New York City architect, Michael Kalil told a reporter, "I like to think of myself as aspace engineer." Today he is one, and the room he has designed may turn out to be a prototype for both earlhbound offices and space stations of tomorrow.

Kali I 's work began almost by accident with the Twelfth Interiors Initiative Project, a design study sponsored by Armstrong as a showcase for its furnishing materials. Kalil used the project to design a "kinetic floor" (right), an idea he'd been toying with for years. A kinetic floor moves, extruding whatever furniture is needed for the room's current use. Panels rise or sink to form room dividers. The floor splits apart, and benches rise up. In Kalil's design, you enter the room by placing your hand on the door, which recognizes your palm print and opens. A keyboard grows from the floor, allowing you to program the room tor your current

tasks. Then it shrinks away, restoring the Zen-like emptiness. From then on, the gatelike bar in front of the seated worker (top right] and two small sensors (above and top right) on the vertical bars control the furniture and communications equip- ment. Inside the horizontal bar are resonat- ing chambers; strike a chamber, and a microphone picks up the tone and relays PHOTOGRAPHS BY LANGDONCLAY 4/A keyboard rises from the floor, allowing you to program the room for its current tasks3

it to the compuier. Depending on the programming, the computer then turns on a display screen, places a call, changes the lighting, or provides what- ever else is needed, such as a couch that can be called up out' of the floor {top center, lop right, and above). The idea of a movable floor caught NASAs attention and led to Kalil's current agency-sponsored studies of space- station design. The most efficient structure for a space habitat, NASA reasoned, might well be a general-purpose room where furniture is compressed into its walls until needed. Kalil's ideas have not won much ac- claim from architects or interior designers.

"Either people complain that this is too lar-out. or it's not far-out enough," he reports. "You'd be amazed at the criti- cism I've had to cope with, "It really surprised me. but the people at NASA seemed to understand right

away, When I met with them to describe the design project and explain my concepts, they found it obvious. Even the stodgiest-looking engineers, guys who'd been there for twenty or thirty years, came up after the talk to say they liked what I'd done." But that probably stands to reason, since getting to the stars will require conquering both outer and inner space. Making a space environment workable and livable will take the collective efforts of both engineers and architects. DO —

with information systems that allow tor choice. whole urban areas, that at a moment's no- You can learn and do what you're interested tice could be retrofitted for an alternate pur-

FUTURE METROPOLIS in, instead of being drawn along some pre- pose. "The ideal city," she says, "is a three- planned, mandatory channel. The future city dimensional grid with permanent structures inte- space tor sleeping. But thai space is small. should be an information network that takes as well as buildings that can change years or so, "I spend most of my lime working," Good- you where you want to go." riors and facades every twenty man, a leading authority on future architec- Goodman, who began studying the future keeping up with the changes in society it- ture, explains. "For the last few years, I've metropolis as a graduate student al Colum- self. Obsolescence will generate new forms." flexible city cut out most social life and become reclu- bia University, says "the city of the twenty- According to Goodman, the realms: sive in a push to develop my concepts." first century will have an atmosphere of in- might work best in three uncharted Those concepts, as Goodman calls them, ternational activity. It will not be trapped in the ocean, the poles, and the sky. Good- are splashed in poster-size prints all over her images of the past. It will be a montage of man, in fact, has already designed a sea desk and walls. "This diagram shows a fu- multiple options." city that would extend hundreds of feet, from ture congress," she says, "with a committee To provide these options, Goodman would the ocean floor to a few stories above sea to decide issues in each area of technical eliminate rush hour, establishing time zones level. Constructed with vertical cables be- this expertise. This is a human-powered gym, within the city so that people could work or low water, planks and cylinders above, where energy from exercise provides heat shop night and day. She would install nu- ocean metropolis would mine minerals, and electricity. This is a school, and this is merous computerized centers to provide in- manufacture drugs, process energy, culti- an information center. In my work, the entire formation for visitors and inhabitants alike. vate fish, and spawn a host of service indus- city is geared toward serving the individual And she would design buildings, even tries. When the resources in one area are depleted, she says, the city could unhinge itself and move to a virgin locale. Goodman says we should have a city on the sea within 40 years. By that time, though, she will already have designed a space city INTRODUCING BEROt CASSETTE. and a polar metropolis as well. As she puts it. "I'm working on a trilogy. After completing

each design, I'll write a novel about people in the city, exploring some of the social and economic issues at hand." The plot of her epic? An ocean city run by a gifted populace becomes a hotbed of in- ternational tension as various nations and

ideologies vie for its resources (novel 1). Some inhabitants eventually break away, An exciting breakthrough starting their own country—and their own flexible political system—in space (novel 2). mechanical pencil technology. Finally, these pioneers return to Earth, start- ing a polar city and spreading the gospel

The Berol Cassette Pencil Is a breakthrough among their misguided brethren (novel 3). characters are very vulnerable, very in mechanical pencil technology with its "My says, "but they also have innovative, easy-loading cartridge design, just human," Goodman ideals. One represents capitalism, one rep- take a long-lasting cartridge of 1 5 leads resents communism, and one represents the and slide it in like a ballpoint refill! It's clean new way. Like the rest of us, they're strug- and simple, and you never have to fool gling with habits and realities. It's an inter- one-al-a-time leads. With a click of the with esting problem." automatic push-button lead advance, If Goodman is dramatizing her designs you get a ready supply of lead to keep you through fiction, she's only emulating the na- writing. And to help reduce lead ture of the city itself. "The city is a stage for

breakage, each Berol Cassette Pencil has a all kindsof activities," she explains. "It's a special sh'-Kk-y burner cushioned point. The place where people from all different fields

It have theater: it Berol Cassette ... the most innovative come to perform. has to have a place for dialogue; it has to mechanical pencil since mechanical has to have events. If you don't include the notion pencils were invented! of 'drama in the city, there is no city at all." That concept, Goodman says, brings to Shock absorber cushioned mind the ultimate challenge for twenty-first- point reduces century architects. For as new environ- ments, including Third World countries, con- tinue to develop, thousands of cities will be born. "One problem with a new city," Good-

man says, "is that it doesn't always have that sense of history, memory, montage. We ar- 15 leads plus eraser. chitects, therefore, must create the spark engineering drama so that new cities are as Berol. inspiring as the old." Berol USA KIYONORI KIKUTAKE Division of Bcio! Corporation

Danbuiy, Connectiail 068 1 The island country of Japan has scarce land for building and development. What lit- tle expanse remains is mountainous and steep, subject to heavy rain and landslides that prohibit extensive construction. Back in 1958, seeking a solution io this dilemma, architect Kiyonori Kikutake looked around and noticed the sea. If he couldn't expand Japanese cities on land, he real- ized, he could do it on the water instead. Kikutake's inspiration led to the construc- tion o! what he calls the floating city— a sys- tem of platforms and pillars that rise tram the ocean and rest softly on the seabed. His first "aquapolis," in fact, was constructed in the form of a pavilion at the 1975 Okinawa Ma- rine Exposition. And today the Japanese have returned to Kikutake's innovative idea with more enthusiasm than ever: They are currently studying another floating city, a 25- square-kilometer "marine technopolis" with an upper residential deck (it would house about 300.000) and a series of lower decks for traffic, parking, factories, and ocean re- source processing. According to Kikutake. building ultramod- ern future cities within or on top of cities that exist today will be almost impossible. As it is, he says, "the center of a city is active and congested, virtually unfunctional, almost anyplace in the world." To get around that problem, the city of the future will frequently take the form oi a "centerpolis"— a city cen- ter built on the ocean or nearby land, sepa- rated from the rest of the urban sprawl. The ocean centerpolis, he says, is most feasible of all. Floating environments in the- Pacific, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the waters of Scutneas" Asia. Kikutake says, "will vary in population from tens of thou- sands to several million, and they may not belong to any particular country. Instead, they would form independent city-states consisting of residential areas and a viable industrial base."

As Kikutake sees it, the ocean city of the future would be "metabolic" in nature. That is, it would be able to utilize and recycle en- ergy and nourishment from the ocean itself.

It would also be flexible, mobile, and eas- ily expandable. "In Europe, the cities have been built to last permanently." he explains. "This idea may be good when you're build- ing a monument. But individual buildings and the city as a whole must be constructed io function in a variety of situations. For i stance, if you build a house with a room for a child, it should be designed so the space can be modified when the child grows older or moves out. At a certain point, the people of a city might want to move the entire me- tropolis to a different locale, opting for im- proved climate or some other convenience. That should be possible as well." The city of the future, Kikutake notes, is also contingent upon the culture that spawns it. "Civilization will always be changing to something new or better," he says, "but cul- ture is a cons".an: accumulation, an addition to the culture that existed before." Europeans talk about Utopias— cities built from scratch to fill a given function, he says,

"The Oriental way is different. Many aspects of the old, the good as well as the bad, would be brought to the new."DQ '

question: Does his widow draw workmen's Stone recalls that he and his colleagues compensation for the duration of his ab- were once considering patenting their hexa-

HEXPLAY sence, or can we have him declared legally flexagon designs. 'At one point I even drew

dead immediately? We await your advice." up the first draft of a patent application. I

think it be one of the very few patent is all based on a simple formula: The sum of The' letter brought this reply, published two must that includes a proof by induc- the number of thicknesses of paper in any months later: applications two adjacent triangular sections equals the "The letter has solved a mystery for us. tion in the middle of it. But then the war in- direc- number of faces in the final model. "One day, while idly flexing our latest tervened, and we went our separate Since the Princeton days, the literature on hexahexaflexagon, we were confounded to tions. The whole project lapsed." is the hexaflexagon? One ed- flexagons has been scant and scattered, find that it was producing a strip of multicol- Of what use here has suggested the possibility that mostly comprising privately circulated ored material. Further flexing . . . finally dis- itor six-sided floppy disk manuscripts and notes in such academic gorged a gum-chewing stranger. it might be made into a journals as Maaicnialica! Gazette, Ameri- "Unfortunately he was in a weak state and, for computers'. When you finish with one side, can Mathematical Monthly, and Recrea- owing to an apparent toss of memory, un- you flex it to bring up the next program. still practical ap- tional Mathematics Magazine. able to give any account of how he came to While we await the first plication of this idea, we have to recognize In the December 1956 issue of Scientific be with us. . . . He has become quite a pet American, Martin Gardner wrote about around the department, answering to the that mathematical ideas like the hexaflexa- not immediate appli- hexaflexagons in an article that launched his name of Eccles. gon do always have of 25-year column, "Mathematical Games" (See "Our problem is, should we now return him cations, but they can lead to other areas hexaflexagon can Omni's Martin Gardner interview, January and, if so, by what method? Eccles now discovery that do. The topology, the 1982). The article sparked new flexagon fe- cringes at the very sight of a hexahexaflex- contribute some insights into used in de- ver, and elicited one oi the most unusual let- agon and absolutely refuses to flex." study of surfaces, a discipline computer chips. ters to the editor ever published, from a sci- —Robert M. Hill signing the circuit boards for mathematics, it entist at Alan B. Du Mont -Laboratories, in Royal College of Science and Technology As a model of combinatorial of discrete mathemat- Clifton, New Jersey: Glasgow, Scotland can lead to the study

". ical systems used in the design and execu- . . We have a problem. This morning one o/ our fellows was sitting Hexing the hexa- In all the years since Stone's discovery, tion of computer programs, it for the hexaflexagon idly when the tip of his necktie there has never been a definitive source- In the meantime, we all can enjoy originally Richard became caught in one of the folds. With each book on flexagons. but we hope there will reason that intrigued It's "just toy." further bonus: successive flex, more of his tie vanished into be one soon. Partly as a result of this special Feynman: a A special anniversary the Hexagon. With the sixth flex, he disap- Omni feature, Frank Bernhart, a mathemat- Enfolded inside our impressionistic peared entirely. ics professor at the Rochester Institute of hexahexaflexagon are six of ot love, work, and play "We have been flexing the thing madly and Technology, is preparing to fill the void with glimpses images treatment of the subject. in the twenty-first century.OO . . full can find no trace of him. . Here is our a

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THE DELPHIC POLL

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', i . : I ll|l. . ..:..':! . I i ii . ; between robots taKes .place.;- ^Vegetation recently started cropping up on the ring soil

for the first time in years3

Ronnie Johnson still Klass, in (act. aired recalls the evening his suspicions in a ot November 2, 1971. recently published He was feeding the book, UFOs The sheep, he says, when Public Deceived. His he heard a rumble doubts started, he "like a washing ma- says, when Johnson chtne going out ot and his parents chose balance" and looked to "grab their Polaroid up to see a strange and go to the local craft with bright fights newspaper" after the descending on the supposed Incident in- backyard of his farm- stead of checking in house in Delphos, with a doctor or hos- Kansas. He, his dog, pital first Klass also and his sheep were un- claims that photos of able to move, he re- the glowing ring were ports, until the craft fakes, created by rose back into the sky. shooting with a flash- Had the Johnson bulb at dusk. The ring story ended there, it itself, he says, was woutd not have been Identified by a French taken seriously. But laboratory as a type of when researchers fungus called fairy came to investigate, rings; and he sug- they found broken and UFD UPDffTE gests that the ring was blistered trees, burnt present before John- soil, and an odd ring about eight feet in diameter marking son's alleged close encounter. But Johnson, now twenty- the spot where the craft had supposedly hovered. Labora- eight, insists that "it ain't no hoax I gotta laugh at what that tory analysis Indicated that the ring soil had a different guy [Klass] says, We've had about two hundred scientists chemical makeup from the surrounding dirt. And a series of come down here and say they'd never seen anything like photos showed the ring glowing in the dark. this before. I was fifteen when it happened. Even i! I'd of

Moreover, Johnson scon claimed that his parents, Durel wanted to do a hoax, I couldn't af, And I wouldn't of either." and Irma, had also seen the craft. Over the months and Vegetation recently started cropping up on the ring soil years, the three said that the ring soil was numb to the touch for the first time in years. Johnson adds. His parents still live and that It repelled all water and snow. Their sheep were at the farm, while he and his young wife have moved to a giving birth early, they said, Ronnie had suffered nervous house nearby. He hasn't been back to view the mysterious problems, the post office was opening their mall, and even ring in more than two years, he says, although he frequently their electricity had begun to fluctuate farms in the area, Johnson notes that he's seen UFOs "a Though the sighting occurred more than a decade ago, couple of times" since the infamous 1971 incident, but he's it is one of the most hotly debated issues in ufology today. neither watching nor waiting for their return.

Walter Andrus. International director of the Mutual UFO Net- 'All i can say Is, it made a believer out of me," he sighs. "I work, says Delphos remains the "best landing-trace case try not to think about it that much anymore. . . . It's not like on our records." while UFO debunker Philip Klass calls it I'm going to jump off my tractor and go over and stare at "one of the least impressive hoaxes I've ever encountered." that damn ring ."—CASEY McCABE 135 and observed the craft lade into the distance. That Alfred Burtoo, seventy- morning, when two military seven, sat with his fishing rod policemen happened to and his dog, wafting for meet up with him, he was still dawn to bring the best catch fishing

of the day to the canal banks "I caught three rudd, live of Aldershot, England. He'd roach, and a tench," he

just poured himself a cup of calmly told them, "and I also hot tea, he says, when a saw a UFO." glowing object "earns toward Burtoo says the policemen the bridge," landing with didn't believe him But ufolo- half Its bulk in the water. glst Omar Fowler, who stud- Two torms emerged, Bur- ied the incident for the Surrey too claims, and hauled Investigation Group Into him away, his faithful dog still Aerial Phenomena, calls it howling by the shore. Just the "most important UFO

over four feel tall and dressed event we have ever followed

in pale-green overalls, with up." Critics have long argued

visors masking their faces, that if aliens were really these unusual creatures abducting humans, they'd led him into a windowed craft certainly stop and reject with portholes running along a few of us from time to time, often cut themselves to ingest the middle they placed he explains; so if Alfred Bur- telling the truth, his '-'.II had recurrent him under a glowing orange too Is The vampire thrives on dreams of bloodshed and light in the center of the experience strengthens the human blood, perpetrates lone could ship, Burtoo adds, and after theory that extraterrestrials violence, and easts no reflec- recognize his own face In the a long spell of silence, said. are visiting the planel and studying the race. tion in the mirror. The "You can go. You re too of ancient myth and Holly- One vampire admitted he old and infirm for our pur- —Jenny R wood horror films? Not had bitten the necks and poses." exactly, aecofding to two shoulders ol his sex partners Burtoo says he was never "As you may know. I am a South African psychiatrists lo "suck their blood," Hemp- unnerved ('At seventy- card-carrying member of the Flying Saucers whose research indicates that hill adds. Another said he'd seven, "heexplains. "you Amalgamated Association." all this folklore has a dash worked in hospitals where he can only die once.") He returned the shore ^Robert F. Kennedy ot truth to it could drink blood intended simply to Reporting in the South tor transfusions The third J African Medical Journal, Dr. said he d managed to obtain Robert Hemphill and Dr. his supply of blood by stab- Tuviah Zabow, ot the Univer- bing strangers and tearing sity of Capetown, say that heads from birds they recently examined three While vampires are rare, male vampires. Hemphill and Zabow con- "We have clinically diag- clude, they are a "possible nosed vampirism," Hemphill cause of unpredictable,

states, "and I can assure repeated murder." you that there Is absolutely —Eric Mishara nothing in the least supernat-

ural about it." "Starvation in past iives All three vampires, Hemp- continues to affect the person

hill and Zabow say, con- In the present one, resulting fessed lo a constant, "irre- in a compulsion to overeat" £3££^ sistible urge" tor blood and —Edith Fiore 136 OMNI and amazing tale? this historical speculation is

Absolutely, according to correct. "It is rare, if not

adventurer and Oxford unheard of, to get an epic

scholar Tim Sevenn, who's that is entirely imaginary " he written eight books On explo- explains For instance, Me- ration. Severin and a crew dea was noted for her magic of 20, in fact, have vowed to potions, and narcotics fiave retrace the ancient route long come into Europe by and locate the kingdom of way of Turkey, which is ad|a- Colchis, home of Jason's cent to where Colchis is sorceress-wife, Medea, said to have been. Severin's group set sail this Carter Phillips, chairman of past March in a ship named the classical-studies depart-

after its legendary counter- ment at Vanderbilt University,

part, the Argo. The team says that if Jasoh really

is traveling from the Greek existed, he lived about 3.000 city of Volos. thought to be the years ago, during the Bronze site of Jason's hometown of Age. "We have no written Pagasae, to the Black Sea, history of that era," he says Hoover targeted Einstein which Severin contends "But there is always a possi- Albert Einstein will always in an intensive, often ludicrous is the "unfriendly sea" of bility that there is a historical be remembered for his investigation. Einstein's mythical fame, From there kernel of truth to these myths. brilliant theory of relativity. scientific genius, combined they will head up to the Soviet In tact, the trade routes of But almost as impressive are with his left-leaning political republic of Georgia, where, the time may well explain Ja- There's Ei n ste i n ' s le sser -k n own views, had apparently raised historians say, Colcnis might son's voyage. no works: the mind-control robot suspicions that he was a have nourished. reason to think that Severin's and the deadly ray weapon dangerous subversive. "An Severin. who hopes to ideas are off base. I'll be Einstein was also a commu- aura had built up around gather evidence from Soviet interested in what he fines." nist spy, attempted a com- Einstein," Schwartz says, archaeologists, believes — Sherry Baker munist lakeover of the Holly- "and some people believed wood film industry, and he was capable of almost orchestrated the kidnapping anything "—Eric Mishara of the Lindbergh baby. The check in the photo above "Anything oneman can was allegedly written to imagine, other men can make " Einstein in support of an or- real ganization that later turned —Jules Verne out to be a communist front We must have the wrong Einstein, you say. Well, maybe, but tell it to the Fed- Greek mythology tells of eral Bureau of Investigation. the heroic Jason and his These are lust a few of the crew of Argonauts, Including plots Einstein may have Hercules and the twin sons o' perpetrated, according to a Zeus. This courageous

1,500-page FBI dossier team, legend has if. fought on the great physicist the Amazons, half-bird/half- The massive file was re- woman creatures called cently obtained through Harpies, and other fantastic the Freedom of Information monsters during a perilous Act by Florida English pro- voyage to retrieve the Golden fessor Richard Schwartz In Fleece. But could there be the Fifties, Schwartz ex- any truth to this ancient — "

people were receiving bills too. Who knows? Maybe Mysterious envelopes someone's trying to put a hex containing crisp one-dollar on us." bills have battled Florida Hex or not, no one has a officials from the Panhandle clue as to who sent the down to the Keys At last money. But when word count, 53 municipal man- spread about the Florida agers have received the mailings, community off iciats envelopes, which bear no in other parts of the country return address or message, announced that they too had save for a Baltimore. Mary- received the donations. A land, postmark. couple of crisp dollar bills Opa-Locka City Manager reached Maryland city man- Albert Chandler, tor instance, agers and mayors; several reported that his office California towns were put on received two "offerings" the mailing list as well. mailed one year apart, the While the mystery may last in early 1984 Each dollar never be solved, recipients

bill was pressed between of the unsolicited currency are two pieces of green card- taking their windfall in stride. board. "We never determined Comments Greenacres, who the benevolent individ- Florida, city administrator ual was." says Chandler, who Wally Douthwaite, "I've 78, JAL passenger flight 413. put Ihe money in the city already spent the dollar." and Royal Dutch Airlines safe. "My initial thought was —Sherry Baker This past spring, while en flight 868—were tested for lhat whoever sent the money route from Tokyo to Anchor- contami nation. But the results had heard about our town's "When I go down to the age, Alaska, crews on five of the tests, according to a financial problems." grave, I can say, 7 have

I commercial 747s spotted a defense-agency spokesman, "When I first got my dollar, finished my days' work,' but huge, musbtoam-shaped were negative. I just assumed someone cannot say, V have finished cloud and radioed ahead (or So what was the huge, wanted to repay a police offi- my life's work.' The tomb immediate radioactive- mushroom-shaped cloud? cer for loaning him agallon is not a blind alley, it is an contamination testing. Probably just that, says of gas or something like open thoroughfare, it closes According to Captain C. H. Federal Aviation Authority that," adds Tobie Wilson, in the twilight to open in McDade, pilot of Japan Air spokesperson Paul Steucke. mayor of Medley "Then the dawn.

Lines flight 036, the cloud "We're calling it a standing I found out all these other —Victor Hugo was about 50 to 125 nautical lenticular [lens-sh.aped] miles from the aircraft, cloud," he says. 'Although reached a diameter of 200 they usually occur horizon- miles, and moved up to tally, they are occasionally a height of 60,000 feet The seen standing." plane experienced light —Sherry Baker turbulence, though at no time was a change in wind speed "As I studied the magnified or direction delected. The surface of the moon upon the cloud kept growing for about screen ... a small animal an hour, McDade added, ran across the area I was and then it dissipated into the observing I could see that it atmosphere. was lour legged and furry, Upon landing, McDade's but its speed prevented plane and four others me from identifying it." Flying Tigers (Tights 72 and —George Adamski 196 OMNI —

ing technological revolution is going to re- war before the turn of the century?

duce the amount of time we work on the job Reagan: It is my hope and belief that in the REAGAN somuchasit wllcnangeiheivaywework strategic-defense initiative we have begun, making'us more efficient and maybe even we are witnessing an effort to dismantle, if You know, a few years ago some people letting more of us do our work without having not the technology of nuclear war, at least ridiculed our encouragement o! new kinds to waste all that time slogging through rush- the threat of nuclear attack; and we are look- of industrial -university "partnerships." They hour traffic. I've heard it suggested thai in- ing to technology—the technology of defen- seemed to think that only government, stead of commuting to work in the future, sive systems— :o accomo.ish this. wielding research-grant checks, could speak some people may be computing to work. Simultaneously, I believe we are seeing the language of ihe universities. Well, time Alter all, not very many people have, the success in control, ng the c cbal spread of has shown that these -new partnerships, benefit of living quite so close to the office nuclear weapons. Ten years ago one heard which are multiplying each year, offer tre- as the President does. predictions that, in spite of our efforts to pre- proliferation nuclear military ca- mendous potential for improving the flow of But I don't look for any dramatic shift away vent the of knowledge from the campus to the factory. from the work ethic-— or the success ethic, pabilities, a considerable number of the

it. let's not countries in the world would possess their And even more interesting in some ways, in- as I prefer to think of Look, get dustrial perspectives and expertise are in- ahead of ourselves. The incorporation of new own nuclear weapons. Well, as a combined vigorating the campus in return. That's not a technology into our lives isn't some kind of result of controls exercised by the nuclear- bad payoff for a "crazy" idea. bonus to let us live easier. It's the most effec- weapon powers on the spread of technol- Perhaps the most important factors im- tive tool Americans can use to compete ef- ogy, dedicated efforts in the field of diplo- proving the climate for the utilization of re- fectively with other countries. Our standard macy and arms-control negotiations, and search are. first, keeping inflation low and, of living will continue to exceed everyone good common sense, we have seen that second, maintaining healthy economic else's not because we'll build robots to wash such predictions have not come true.

if. growth- so that the private sector has suffi- the windows or take out the garbage, but I do not know how, or the advanced technol- countries of the world will be able to fully cient incentive to invest in development. I am because we'll consistently use new committed to keeping our economy grow- ogies to generate ncustnai successes. dismantle the technology of nuclear war. but ing at a healthy, noninflationary pace. Omni: In the July 1984 Omni, physicist Free- I do believe that we can and are taking steps Omni: Robots and computers promise to re- man J. Dyson wrote that at several times ir toward this goal. dramatically in the dec- history, societies have turned away from ad- duce our workloads SPACE/' DEFENSE ades ahead, providing us with more leisure vanced technology they found unpalatable time. Some social psychologists warn that or dangerous. The rejection of such tech- Omni: You've been a consistent supporter the transition away from this prevailing work nologies, he noted, has come from conser- of the space program. What interests you ethic will be difticult. What should this coun- vative groups in' society, such as military about space? How would you respond to an try do now to prepare for the influx of elec- leaders. What are the chances that the ad- invitation to ride in a space shuttle? tronic servants into our lives? vanced countries of the worid will be able to Reagan: What interests me about space is future, n not at all sure that the continu- jointly dismantle the technology of nuclear quite simple: Space is a part of the of a future that captures the imagination of young and old alike. Think of the remarkable achievements of the American space pro- gram—the manned moon landings. Viking's spectacular Voyager H-lOBBS* KIT FOP, THE LbSSTvM AWT; landing on Mars, the missions to Jupiter and Saturn, the continual SHIPWRECK \U A SOTT/Lt rediscovery of our own planet, and the space shuttle, with its many important scientific achievements. In what other areas have American science and technology suc- ceeded so well in literally moving us from one age to the next? Our space successes have proved that although all but a handful of us are physically bound to the earth, our spirits and our national pride can soar along with astronauts and spacecraft. To me, that's the ultimate attraction of the space program, the elevation of the human spirit as we dem- onstrate our unmatched capability to reach out to'new worlds. There is another very important dimen- sion to the. US. space program that is worth emphasizing. We are beginning to reap the practical returns from our investment in space over the past twenty-five years. Our successes in such areas as satellite com- munications and remote sensing are only two examples of how space can serve the prac-

tical needs of mankind. I have great expec- tations that our pioneering efforts in using the space medium will have even greater

payoffs in the future. It was primarily for this

reason that I announced in my State of the Union Address that we would begin to de- OiXfc&LJL velop the manned space station and place

it into orbit within the decade. We have every reason to expect that the zero-gravity envi-.

140 OMNI ronment ol the space station can be har- nessed to produce rare medicines and manufacture scarce metal alloys. We would also expect to use the space station for in- numerable experiments to gain a greater knowledge of the earth. In my State of the Union Address and again recently at the London economic

summit, I invited our friends and allies to join us in the development of the space station, which could serve as a significant symbol of our commitment to peaceful uses of outer space and the determination of the free world

to maintain space leadership. It will be a concrete example of how, working together,

. we can stimulate technology and economic

growth for the benefit of all those that partic- ipate in the program. I am hopeful that in the

coming months other countries will join us in a cooperative effort toward these ends. Fi- nally, the manned space station can serve as a springboard for exploring the outer reaches of our universe.

Now, as to the final part of the question: In becoming President, I've already had the greatest thrill anyone could have. To tell you

the truth, if such atrip becomes possible, I'd much rather give my ticket to some aspiring youngster and experience the event through his or her excitement afterward.

Omni: The strategic defense initiative re- vealed in your speech of last March will cost billions of dollars. The plan proposed by

Senator Malcolm Wallop [Republican, Wyo : ming] for twenty-four laser stations would run at least twenty-eight billion dollars. What change would you foresee in spending for

civilian space projects if the United States were to proceed with such a project?

Reagan: First of all, let me make it absolutely

clear that there's no connection at all be- tween the strategic defense initiative [SDI]

and the civilian space program. So I cer- tainly don't foresee the two efforts compet- in ing for funds. As I indicated earlier, we want ON ELECTION DAY Jack Daniel's Country

a vigorous space program because it rep- it resents a challenge, an avenue to future sci- doesn't take long to find out who won. entific and economic benefits. SDI repre- sents a defensive tool, a shield to help ensure There are only five precincts to be heard from. our survival in a dangerous nuclear age. They are two quite different things. So the results get tallied pretty quick. And our SDI's objective is to allow the superpow- ers to drastically reduce— and possibly County Judge has them posted someday eliminate— our reliance on huge arsenals of offensive nuclear weapons. right on the courthouse Right now the only option we have is the mutual nuclear standoff. Those huge nu- square. This November, clear arsenals hang as a constant cloud over our future. Arms control is a difficult, pains- there's no predicting how CHARCOAL taking process, but we're going to keep MELLOWED trying to reach agreement. Meanwhile, ex- our citizens will be voting. ploring the potential of strategic defenses 6 But, no matter where in may be one key that's been missing to the DROP kinds of arms reductions that will make a America you live, we hope material difference in how our children view 6 their futures, I am determined to do every- you'll be joining us DROP thing possible to achieve not only arms con: BY trol but arms reduction to leave as a legacy at the polls. to our children and grandchildren. Omni: The distinguished space writer Jarnes Tennessee Whiskey • 90 Proof • Distilled and Bottled by Jack Daniel Distillery E. Oberg warned in our July issue of a seri- Lent Motlow, Prop., Route 1, Lyncbbnrg (Pop. 361], Tennessee 37352 ous threat to our satellites in geosynchron- Placed in the National Register ot Historic Places by the United States Governm an analogy between civilian and duce and export similar technological ous orbit. With a single pass, a hostile craft offering technologies. Our free-enterprise goods. My own preference would be to ap- could wipe out all of'our vital defense satel- defense the high- industrial system, in conjunction with uni- proach this problem by assigning lites there. The attack would require sending government labs, has led the est possible control to those relatively few a spacecraft around the moon, under the versifies and development of remarkable technologies with unquestioned strategic guise of scientific exploration. On returning world in the the technological advances. And we see how value and perhaps worrying less about to Earth, the ship would enter an orbit op- those advances such as more commonly available technologies. posite that of our satellites, like a car going the products of — just one exam- Omni: Canada andJhe United States have the wrong way on a superhighway. At that microelectronics, to choose of acid our lives and our economy and become adversaries over the issue point, destroying our satellites with small, ple—enrich throughout the rain and its lethal effect on fish, timber, and conventional projectiles would be simple. also bring benefits to people time, U.S. industries pro- other natural resources. The National Acad- What can we do to counter this threat? world. At the same reports that circumstantial pointed out a tect the investments they've made to de- emy of Sciences Reagan: I think Mr. Oberg has controlling access to their evidence is "overwhelming" that power-plant serious area of concern, one that we share. velop products by emissions are linked to acid rain, and Can- He dramatizes the difficulty we see in ad- manufacturing know-how. similar situation with re- ada plans to reduce sulfur-dioxide emis- dressing the question of a ban on antisatel- Well, we have a plant by-product-— half to weapons, because high technolo- sions—one power by lite weapons [ASATs]. How can we depend- gard microelectronics have impor- within the next ten years. You have declined ably verify compliance with a treaty when gies such as far to propose a similar program in this opportunities to develop tant military applications as well. Because of so . there are so many country. What initiatives to combat acid rain and deploy ASATs under the cover of other this, the Soviets maintain a massive effort to technology do you foresee if you are reelected? programs? Also remember that the Soviets acquire computers and other since the Communist system Reagan: Acid rain is a perplexing problem. have, in the past, already chosen to define from the West, result of emis- inefficient at such devel- While it may be partially the our space shuttle a s an ASAT weapon. has proved very and industrial opment. So, as with corporations, we West- sions from power plants ISSUES knowledge is in- INTERNATIONAL ern nations have to protect our proprietary smokestacks, our scientific we're complete when it comes to understanding Omni: The Export Control Act, which pro- defense advantages. In particular, that without unduly inter- the links between, for example, smoke- hibits the export of certain high technology challenged to do falling in Mas- fering with Western trade or with the free- stacks in Ohio and acid rain to some countries, serves a useful purpose unwise enterprise system that makes us so strong. sachusetts. At this point it would be at the same time that it inhibits open scien- people of America to spend many I've heard some people suggest that a few to ask the tific discussion. There is constant friction be- that take care of this problem, billions of dollars without any assurance tween the Pentagon and the scientific com- simple rules could and their sacrifice would significantly improve the munity about what kinds of technology can but, believe me, balancing industrial very, very most troubling acid-rain problems. be exported and what cannot. How could national-security objectives is a it needn't be too issue. Moreover, whatever we do We must take the time— this friction be reduced while still preserving complex effective unless we have the long to do the careful research needed for national security? can't be really — acid-rain re- allies, who pro- an effective and economical Reagan: Let me approach this question by cooperation of our Western duction program. In my fiscal year 1985 federal fund- budget, I proposed doubling ing for research on the causes and effects acid rain, well as developing better of as : methods for cleaning up the coal before, during, and after it's burned in the furnace. I'm confident that, just as we've devel- oped cost-effective treatments for other air- and water-pollution problems, we'll soon have a scientifically sound basis for making substantial inroads on this problem. Omni: Saudi Arabia's Sheikh Yamani re- cently said that Arab oil would again be used as a political weapon, possibly as early as 1987. Do you have plans to combat this? Reagan: We're far less dependent now on

imported oil, especially oil from Arab OPEC nations, than we were just a tew short years ago. Moreover, our strategic petroleum re- serve —which is four times what it was when we took office— is a comforting insurance policy against any disruptions. But the most important cushion comes as a direct result of the classical way the free market worked in recent years. When prices

tor oil jumped, consumers chose to use en- ergy more efficiently. Conservation reduced the worldwide demand for oil, consumption declined, and prices began to fall. Our de- control of American oil had a major impact on reducing our reliance on imported oil, and

it did so without raising prices the way some critics had predicted. That means there's a worldwide excess of energy-producing ca- pacity, which would quickly come into play dis- if supplies in the Middle East were rupted. These forces tend to make a long- parents, solution to our education problems. White it's term oil shortage or large price increase un- tion: Local communities, teachers, bless are de- an exciting opportunity, we need careful likely. Of course, we recognize that our allies even students—God them— will planning and preparation to gain the full im- are more dependent than we are on oil from manding high-quality education thai be of Schools pact on the educational process of putting that region. We're discussing, with our allies, relevant to the world ahead us. computers into schools. actions that we might jointly take, should that have begun to get back to basics. This turn- We're going to have to learn how to use ever be necessary. around really started when the National Commission on Excellence in Education, computers better in the educational proc- DOMESTIC ISSUES use the com- which we appointed, issued its "Nation at ess. Students should learn to puter, but the computer should also be able Omni: Among today's students who will Risk" report in 1983, calling for education learn about other things. To graduate from high school, eighty-four per- reform. By the way, that report called for, to help students that's the real advantage of the technol- cent do not study physics, and forty-eight among other things, stronger math and sci- me

to extend what we can do. I saw a vivid percent do not study geometry. In the Soviet ence instruction, and we introduced the leg- ogy, example of this at the Congress Heights El- Union, all students are required to take ten islation to help. ementary School, here in Washington. This years of geometry. What would your admin- We can, and are, devising new programs teachers can is, By the way, the school the White House istration do in a second term to correct de- to improve the resources draw "adopted" as part of our partnerships in ed- ficiencies in science education? on with computers and new information it ucation program. IBM has been demon- Reagan: I'm convinced that we do have technologies. And we'll continue to make there strating its Writing to Read program there, cause to be worried about the relatively low clear that education has to be right up teaching five- and six-year-old children to priority we've given in recent years to excel- at the top of our national priorities. impressive. Computer, in California, has read —and the results are truly lence in education — not just in the technical Omni: Apple But just sending hardware, even if it is the subjects, which are terribly important, but given away nine thousand computers to equipment the school really needed, isn't the excellence across the board. schools under a state program permitting critical element. It's the human element, the Now, the encouraging thing is that in the Apple a twenty-five percent tax credit on the teachers, the training, the software, the ac- past three years or so those priorities have fair-market value of the equipment. So at tual utilization of the technology, that really begun to change. Are they changing be- minimal cost to California taxpayers, many technology make the difference and I'm pleased to see cause of some massive new programs to children have begun using the — tomorrow. Similar legislation on the na- that our private sector is responding so dy- pump still more federal money into our local of in namically in these areas. We did support the schools? No, and in fact there has never tional level has gotten sidetracked Con- would have extended a tax been much correlation between the amount gress. Would your next administration push legislation thai credit for contribution to schools of newly of money spent by Washington and the per- for a "kids can't wait" program, similar to manufactured computers. formance of students. Achievement-test California's, for the country? computers Omni: Not long ago, an organism was cre- scores dropped steadily for twenty years Reagan: I think the potential of laboratory to spray on oranges to while spending increased sharply. What throughout our society is almost un- ated in a the only protect them from frost. A disease-free to- we're seeing today is a grass-roots revolu- bounded, but computers are nor

1 i I J

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- ... , - ; - , . _ „, .-,-..-.- ,,.,, ; Mtf-Y government tends to over-classify and pre- pie to afford. Do you favor any kind of gov- vent the spread of scientific knowledge? ernment support to allow people in need

Reagan: Well, I think this issue got blown to gel a transplant of a vital organ?

When you're out' of proportion over a period of several Reagan: As it happens, the federal gov- years. The universities have been worried ernment already bears some of the ex- playing about what they feared might happen. It's penses of organ-transplant programs, no accident that American scientists have through the support of the many research won more lhan seventy percent of the No- centers where the pioneering work is being for keeps. bel Prizes over the past decade, Including done. Many transplants are now being every single one in the sciences last year. covered by a combination of state and Our higher-educaiion research system is federal funds and by private medical in- Collect events worth the strongest in the world, and one of the surance. Our experience with earlier med- keeping on RCA Video Tape. reasons it's strong is because we don't re- ical breakthroughs has shown that those With RCA Video Tape you strain new ideas from widespread scrutiny. costs will come down as we gain more ex- get excellence in technology As it happens, only a very small amount perience with transplantation medicine, but

and quality from a proven of campus-based work is classified, and they'll never be cheap. So, obviously, we'll leader in video. So every- we have no intention of increasing that. In have to address how individuals will be able

thing you keep i: to afford this kind of medical care. That's a collector's problem not just for the federal govern- quality. ment, but one to be shared with the states, the health-insurance providers, and the hospitals. We're also working on the equally im- portant issue of the supply of organs, which in many cases today is the limiting factor on transplants, even more limiting than cost. At my direction, the surgeon general has been involved in this, and a private-sector federation, called the American Council on Transplantation, has been set up to in- crease the supply of organs available for

transplant. Nancy and I are concerned about this and have made provisions in our

wills to be organ donors, and I urge other people to consider doing the same.DO

bacco plant has emerged from another laboratory. Yet neither of these organisms has reached the marketplace because of lawsuits blocking their release. Should there be new federal regulations governing the deliberate release of lab-created organ- isms? Should we pass new laws governing the creation of life in the laboratory? Reagan: Naturally, any new technology, especially one of this magnitude, has to be examined for potential risks. In spite of our enthusiasm for what it can do for us In medicine, in agriculture, and even in heavy industries, we're exercising a lot of caution.

Still, I can't help but reflect that over the past decade we've had a superb record for safety and responsibility in the labora- tory stages of biotechnology—and much of that credit has to go to the scientists for fact, we have recently taken action to very policing themselves. But we're seeing a lot nearly eliminate the controls on basic re- RCA of'ers a full more activity now, especially in the private search. In those areas of academic re- ine of VHS and Beta sector. Because the federal government search that could be of military value to the a variety of lengths, has been so much a part of the develop- Soviet Union, such as the mathematics of /Including super high grade — ment of biotechnology, we're taking a com- code-breaking, most of the few academic 1 tor pictures that are brighter prehensive look at existing regulations to scientists doing that work cooperate with and clearer than ever. When

if public government to sure no highly see they're adequate to assure the make you're playing for keeps, safety without being unnecessarily restric- sensitive research results are released. So. insist on RCA Video Tape. tive to a beneficial new industry as I said, there really is no serious conflict Omni: Stanford University recently ruled between national security and the free and that it would no longer do Pentagon-spon-" open exchange of scientific information in sored research if the Pentagon insisted on the academic world. ItCJI prepublication review of research results. Omni: Organ transplants have become far What impact does a decision like this have more common as doctors have moved be- Video Tape on national security? What is your re- yond the research stage. Yet the opera- sponse to a scientist who argues that the tions are still too expensive for most peo- 146 OMNI DELPHIC SURVEY THE

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signaling that his brain is humming. The Sage and purchase thousands of items through with all charges debited, and I are in communication, but our medium his computer, razor's letters against his credit-card account. These kinds the is restricted to the iha! appear on the screen. That hmmmm is Just one of many sig- of services will be even more widely avail- nals networkers routinely send to make .up able in the twenty-first century, but they carry edge? for the lack of face-to-face contact, wilh its a risk. As a person is networked into a larger wealth of nonverbal cues. variety of personal resources and services,

Networkers will throw in words to give he will simultaneously be made more vul- emotional coloration to their communication. nerable to criminal exploitation. Computer My handle is Bronx. One user asked, hey, crime, now directed against large organi- BRONX, WHERE YOU FRCW? I'iAlCKEHi. HlS final. zations, will increasingly come to be di- barbed utterance signified :he "acetous un- rected against individual users, a kind of dercurrent of the question, which would be computer mugging. conveyed by the tone of his voice in a face- Even now, the equivalent of obscene to-face conversation. By using this kind oi phone calls plagues computer networks. device, networkers humanize the emotion- CompuServe warns its users to employ de-

ally impoverished nature of the medium. cent language. Victims of obscene mes- As at a singles' bar two lonely networkers sages can exercise the "squeal" option, may find each other, move into the private which reports the dirty talker to a system op-

"talk" mode, and develop a relationship that erator. If enough complaints come in, the may keep them transfixed at their screens culprit is thrown off the system.

for nights on end. It is romance through the What else for the twenty-first century?

mails, except that it has an interactive com- Right now we communicate over the com- ponent, one that allows for rapid exploration puter screen in just one language. Before and repartee. Some network romances have long, we ought to be able to type our mes- been known to result in marriage. sage in English and have the output appear party are Are you But there is a vital limitation to computer- in the native language of the we network afiairs; The participants can go only addressing. True, computer translation has so far on a computer screen. Networking proved more difficult than scientists origi-

if communicators ready lor serves better in initiating relationships than nally supposed, but the in consummating them. Eventually the in- limit their inputs to basic English (or basic volved parties must go beyond the com- German, Russian, and so on), translating Thursday puter, meet face to face, and deal with their networks ought to be possible soon. Unlike full complexity as human beings. noninteractive translating, the receiver can As computer networks expand in the always question the sender if he is having October 11 twenty-first century, the average person will trouble understanding the material. be able to form links not only with other in- Over the long run, the distinction between dividuals but with centralized computers human and machine interaction will blur. 1984? providing myriad services: information, of Right now, when I communicate with some- course, but also banking services, shop- one on the computer, I can be fairly certain

It's the debut of ESPIONAGE— the ping, even medical advice on demand. For a human being is providing the responses. tempting first digest magazine devoted entirely some, it will alter the traditional separation of But such computer networks are to the oft-laudable, oft-despicable home and work. Already, there is a group of places in which to insert artificial intelli- netherworld of spies.. .secret agents... people with computer links to their offices; gence, like Eliza, a program that simulates a moles.. .cover-ups... secret codes...the they can summon up information, prepare psychotherapist. In the near future these may men and women who conduct and mis- reports, and submit them to the boss with- be indistinguishable from humans in the way

conduct the top-secret world of out leaving home. In these electronic cot- they interact with us. I wonder now whether

government spy wars. They, and more, tages the distinction dciweer where one lives it is possible that some of the "people" I en-

are all in ESPIONAGE MAGAZINE, and where one works is not so sharp. countered online may have been cleverly

164 pages, six times a year. This is not exactly new to' human experi- designed programs.

Check your local newsstand beginning ence. People once wondered whether the That may not be ail that sinister. If I need

October 77, 1984, and be sure you get telephone would make it unnecessary to emergency medical advice and I choose to the premiere issue of ESPIONAGE travel in to the office. Some did manage to deal with a programmed expert system that,

(a collector's item!). run their businesses from a home phone, but in the friendly manner of a country doctor, Inspect the unexpected... To get a sub- for the great majority, trudging in to a sepa- asks me about my symptoms, why com-

scription to this primarily fiction, rate place of work is still part of daily life. At plain? It may be able to give me better ad- lavishly illustrated, brand-new spy mag- work we can remove ourselves from the de- vice than a fatigued intern. Alan Turing, the azine, send $11.70 (a savings of $1.50 mands of the home and concentrate on the British mathematical genius who developed off newsstand price), in check or work at hand. We are treed from role con- some basic design concepts for what he money order (in U.S. funds), made flicts that working at home inevitably pro- called intelligent machinery, proposed that payable to LEO 11 PUBLICATIONS, LTD., duces.- ("Dear; forget the annual report; fix the critical test of whether a machine can and send to SUBSCRIPTION the toilet.") think is whether it can interact with us over DEPARTMENT, ESPIONAGE MAGAZINE. But we can't hold backthe future. For some the teletype so cleverly that we cannot dis-

it corre- I and PO. Box 8974, Wilmington, DE 19899. it is already here. Three professors know, tinguish between a human Canadian subscriptions add $2.00 at universities many miles apart, used a spondent. By the twenty-first century, this is and foreign subscriptions computer network to collaborate on a book. something all networkers—whether in search add $3.00. They wrote chapters directly into a central of love or merely companionship—will have computer where each could examine and to wonder about from time to time.DO " . "

"You ; iked never neighbors anytime, any- "Is this a speed contest?" . SUPPOSE where, anyhow," said his mother. "People "Slow down, Boy. Whoa." next door moved out: 'Thank God,' you said, And suddenly it was all over. Exactly one Mew people moved in: 'Oh, God,' you said." hour had passed as the son put down his "Here's to your health. Son!" "Well, these are the worst: they take the knife and fork and finished his fourth glass "And yours, Dad. Mom!" cake. Son, can you do anything about it?" of wine. Suddenly his face burst into a smile. Again he had to slop, flushing, for he sud- "Do?" said the son and thought, my God, "I remember now!" he cried. "I mean, it's denly remembered that meadow down the they don'! know where they've come from; coming back to me. Why I called, why I street irom which they had come, that quiet they don't know where they've been for brought you here!" place of marble huts with great names cut twenty years; they can't guess why it's cold. "Well?" said his mother. the roofs, on Grecian and too many crosses "Too hot in summer," added his father. "Spit it out, Son," said his father.

and not half enough angels. "Melts you in your shoes. Don't look at me "I," said the son. "Your health," the son said quietly. that way, Mother. Son wants to hear. He'll do "Yes?"

His mother at last raised her glass and something about it, won't you, Son? Find us nibbled at the wine like a field mouse. anew place." "Yes, yes?"

' "Oh," She wrinkled her nose. "Sour," "Yes, Dad." "I," said the son, "love you." it's not, "No, Ma," said the son. "That's just "Have you got a headache. Son?" His words pLshec; Ns parents back in their the cellar taste. It's not seats. Their shoulders a bad wine really.' sagged: they glanced "If it's so good." saio at each other out of his mother, "why are BRAVISSIMO FROM BEEFEATER* the corners of their you gulping it so fast?" eyes, with their heads "Mother," said his lowered. father: "Well!" "Hell, Son," said his And here his father lather. "We know that." exploded a laugh, "We love you, too," Why is Beefeater*—the brisked his palms to- said his mother. renowned gin of England gether, and leaned on "Yes," said his fa- —proposing a toast the table with false ther quietly. "Yes." earnestness. to Italy? "But we try not to "I suppose you are For one thing, to think about it," said his wondering," he said, celebrate Columbus Day. mother. "It makes us "why we are here." too unhappy when For another, Italy is the "You didn't call, Fa- you don't call." home of so much that is rare and delightful. ther. He did. Your son." "Mother!" cried the Like "Just a joke. Ma. the juniper berries in Beefeater Gin. son. and just stopped Well, Son, why did it's true, the very best juniper berries in himself from saying in you?" They were both the world grow on the sun-warmed slopes frustration. "You've

staring intently at him, forgotten again ."1 of the Italian Alps. The Beefeater recipe waiting. Instead he said, "I'll allows for no other kind. "Why did I what?" call more often." "Call us here!" The world wouldn't be the same without "No need." said his "Oh, that." Italy. And neither would Beefeater Cin. father. The son refilled his "I will, believe me, I glass. He was begin- will!" said the son. ning .to perspire. He "Don't make prom- wiped his lips and ises you can't live up brow with his napkin. to, is what I say. But "Wait a minute," he now," said the father, said. "It'llcometome." drinking more wine, "Don't push, Father, BEEFEATER* GIN "Tell me. son, what let the boy breathe." else did you want to The Crown Jewel of Engl "Sure, sure," said see us about?" his father. "But you "What else?" The know that we took a lot son was shocked. ol trouble to dress up and find time and come "No," — He opened his eyes and reached Wasn't it enough thai he had protested his here, On top of which -for "I'll the bottle. look into it. I promise." great and— ensuring love? "Father" / wonde~r, he thought, has anyone ever "Well " The son slowed. His gaze wan- "No, Alice, let me finish. Son, that place moved anyone out of a place like that to. an- dered through the restaurant window to the you got us into is not one of the best." other place, a!i'for a view, all tor better neigh- silent phone booth where he had placed "It's all right," said his mother. bors? Would the law allow it?' Where could those phone calls.— "No, it's not. and you know it." The father he take them? Where might they go? North "My children " he said. picked up a fork and drew a picture of the Chicago, maybe? There was a place there "Children!" The old man exploded. "By place on the tablecloth. "It's too damn small, on a hill— God, I'd forgol myself. What were they now?" too far from everywhere. No view. And the The waifer arrived to take their orders. "Daughters, of course," said the wife/ heating, my God, the heating!" "Whatever he's having." His mother punching her husband's arm. "What's wrong "Well, it does get cold in the winter/' ad- pointed at the son. with you?" mitted his mother. "Whatever that man over there is eating." "II you don't know what's been wrong wilh "Cold, hell. So cold it runs cracks up one said the father. me for twenty years, you'll never know." The side and down the other of all the places out "Hamburger steak." said the son. father turned to the son. "Daughters, of there. Oh, and another thing. I don't like some The waiter went away and came back, and course. Must be—lull grown now. Little tads, of our neighbors." . they ate quickly. last time we saw — " " "

trio. "Hush. Let Son tell us all about them," said looking up at the merry the mother. "More wine!" said the father. "There's nothing to tell." The son paused "More wine." last bottle of wine was awkwardly. "Hell, there's lots. But it doesn't And by the time the make sense." uncorked and poured, the three had settled silence. "Try us," said the father. into a smiling, gasping, beautiful The "Sometimes—" son lilted his glass in a toast: "To boredom!" "Yes?" Which set them" all off again, firing guf- "Sometimes," the son continued slowly. faws, sucking air, pounding the table, eyes tears, knocking eyes down, "I have this feeling my- daugh- gummed shut with happy ters—mind you, my daughters—have one another's ribs with their elbows. passed away, and you, you're alivel Does "Well, Son," said the father, quieting at last, that make any sense?" "it's late. We really most be going." "About as much sense as mosl families "Where?" the son sad, laughing, and grew

make," said the father, taking out. cutting, still. "Qh, yes. I forgot." mouth." said and sucking al a Iresh cigar. "You always did "Oh. don't look so down in the talk funny, Son." his mother. "That place isn't half as bad as "Pa," said the mother. father makes out."

. it bit . "Well, he did and he does, dammit. Talk "But," the son said quietly, "isn't a .

You can funny, that is. Bui go ahead, talk on, and white boring also?" once you get the hang of it. Finish youre at it, give me some more wine." "Not experience . . . The son poured wine and said, "I can't the wine. Here goes." wine, a figure them out. So I've got two problems. They drank the last of the laughed their then walked to the one. I bit, shook heads, COSMIC That's why 1 summoned you. Number restaurant door and out into a warm summer missed you. Number two. I miss them. fine CONSCIOUSNESS There's a joke for you. How can that be?" night, It was only eight o'clock, and a — blew from the lake, and'there was a "On the face of it " the father began. wind up smell of flowers in the air that made you want You and the universe are one. There "That's life," said the mother, nodding. "That's all the advice you can give?" to just walk on forever. is no division ol supernatural and natu- ot- "Sorry, we' know you went to a lot of trou- "Let me. go part of the way with you," ral. You share xkc >i:iri>io>;y that governs ble, and the dinner was fine, and the wine, tered the son. space and the tiny atom. the worlds in jim-dandy, but we're out of practice. Boy. We "Oh, that's not necessary."

it said the fa- The consciousness that directs the can't even remember what /ou were like. So "We can make alone, Son," better that way." physical universe also pulsates in the how can we help? Wecan't!" The father lit a ther. "It's looking at another. watched it flame around the ci- They stood one cells of your being. Behind your think- match and said son, "it's been nice." gar as he drew fire. "No, Son. On top of which, "Well," the ing mind lies this reservoir of Cosmic -we've got another problem here. Hate to "No. not really. Loving, yes. Loving be- It is your link with infin- — Consciousness. it cause we're family and we love you, Son, mention it. Don't know how to—say 1 know if that ity to be drawn upon at will. "What your father means is and you love us. But nice? don't fits. Boring, yes. Boring and loving, loving "No, let me say it, Alice. Now, I hope you'll Release the Psychic Self boring. Good night, Son." take this in the kindly spirit with which I oifer and they milled around one another and it, Boy." And The psychic self is a slumbering Cos- and kissed and wept and then gave "Whatever it is, Dad, I will," said the son. hugged of laughter, and there went mic Power that all humans possess, but "God, this is hard." The father slammed one last great hoot along the street under the dark- few understand and use. If you seek in- down his cigar and finished another glass of his parents, fact is. Son. -the ening trees, heading for the meadow. tuitive guidance, the ability ro get the wine. "Damn and hell, the reason why we didn't see you more often The son stood for a long moment, watch- learn to attune utmost from life, then — smaller smaller over the years is " He held his breath, then ing his parents getting and with this psychic self, the Cosmic Con- distance. he turned and stepped exploded it: "You were a borel" with Then vitftm A bomb had been tossed on the table. into the phone booth, dialed, and got the an- Stunned, all three stared at one another. swering machine. This FREE book "What?" asked the son. "Hello, Helen," he said, and paused be- — find words, difficult to "I said cause it was hard to The Rosicrueians are a worldwide "I say. "This is Dad. About that dinner next "No, I heard you." said the son. bore you." special cultural Order (not a religion). For He tasted the words. They had a strange fla- Thursday? Could we cancel? No

reason. Overwork. I'll call next week, set a centuries they have revealed and vor "/bore you? My God! I tore you!" from his new date. Oh, and could you call Debby and taught the little-known facts about His face- reddened, tears burst eyes, and he began to roar with laughter, tell her? Love you. Bye" leads to the fulfill- man's real self that the long, beating the table with his right fist, holding He hung up and looked down ment of life. Write for their free book parents were his aching chest with his left, and then wip- dark street. Way off there, his It magic in .at iron graveyard gates. The Mastery of Life. contains no ing his eyes with a napkin, "/ bore you'." just turning the gave him a wave, formulas, but it does tell how you His mother and father waited for a decent They saw him watching, snort, whiffle, and were gone. like thousands of other men and interval before they began to Debby. And then let it out in a Mom, Dad, he thought. Helen. stop up their breaths, and ' women—may receive and share this great proclamation of relief and hilarity. again: Helen,. Debby, Mom, Dad. I bore them. useful knowledge. fascinating and / "Sorry, Son!" cried the father, tears run- I bore them.' will Se damned! Write to SCRIBE: KAQ ning down about his laughing mouth. And then, laughing until the tears rolled — strolled back "He didn't really mean " gasped the out of his eyes, he turned and laughter made a few The ROSICRUCIANS (amorgi mother, rocking back and forth, giggles es- into the restaurant. His caping with each breath, people look up from their tables. San Jose, California 95191 U.S.A. he "Oh, he did, he did!" shouted the son. He didn't mind because the wine, as

finished it, wasn't all that bad.DO .. And now everyone in the restaurant was With all due respect. Per 17 sounds much like FDRunn a number of self-serving pseudoliberals I've met through the years who are always eager CONTINUED FROM P! to jump on a popular bandwagon.

related effort. While it is true that there is some I am puzzled by such statements as "sen- environmental and biomedical research sitized and toughened by my civil-rights ac- being done, it is those programs that have tivities during the Sixties," and "In 1981 and been cut significantly to increase weapons- 1982, when the intensity of the nuclear- research expenditures. ." weapons debate was at its peak. . . Stephenson alluded to some vaguely Has he forgotten the Cuban missile crisis? stated reasons for my leaving the lab; Surely she a "peak" of its own, it was an event has no direct knowledge of this, nor can she that would bring our country to an aware- support her insinuations. Of course my "pri- ness of Soviet intentions concerning the ac- vate nightmare" was of my own making. All quisition and use of nuclear weapons. my nightmares are. I chose to work at Liv- Are we to believe that Perry learned the ermore, and I chose to leave when several true nature of Livermore's products only after other options were available to me. he had spent 20 years in the public-relations I am sure that Stephenson is concerned field and then accepted a position as the with the possibility of nuclear war. I hope lab's public-relations director? everyone is. But nuclear deterrence is, at After some time passed, Perry realized that best, like shooting craps in Las Vegas and demonstrators really are informed about po- letting your money ride with-each roll—one litical and military affairs. It's a shame that bad roll of the dice and you lose everything. Perry can't say the same for himself. One nuclear war and the game is over. The policy of deterrence is not meant to

assure death. Its basic premise is to. prove Editors' note: Lawrence Livermore National to the Soviet Union (or anyone else) that to Laboratory declined to comment on the res- contemplate a nuclear strike on the United ignation Bill of Perry, Jr. , or on any of the facts States would result in swift and powerful re- surrounding his leaving the lab. taliation, This deterrence can be achieved

only by maintaining parity, if not superiority, The questions raised by Bill in his First in Perry nuclear arms. I believe that the Soviet Word are certainly worth considering. It is Union, by continually developing new not the minds at Livermore. however, that- bombers, miss Ics. and warheads, has made trouble me, but the minds in the Kremlin. The its intentions on nuclear-arms reduction clear. nuclear weapons in the United States or The arms race should not be allowed to England do not Worry me, but the weapons continue unchecked. But to allow the United /fascinating in the Soviet Union do. I would \ like to see States to delete old weapons systems with- such issues raised in Soviet publications. I out replacement while the Soviet Union con- world of •, like would to see the movie The Day After tinues to build up its weapons might lead to shown on SovietTV. the nuclear disaster Perry fears. It would be the home robot.

I do not believe that have , we to convince a different scenario from the ones he imag- HERO JR. will wake you in • the American people or the government of ines, however. the the morning, guard your horrors of nuclear war. Instead of con- Perry says that "his dream turned into, a stantly reciting rhetoric, why not give us some .nightmare." Either he didn't do his home- home at njgrit remind you practical to way get the Soviet leadership to work or he's not telling us the whole story. Is of your appointments for agree to a verifiable arms reduction? that what his book will be about? the week, and entertain Mike Cunningham John Tormanen your family throughout the Kansas City, MO Hampton, VADQ day with engaging small Bill Perry claims that he learned much from CREDITS talk, songs, poems, gai talking to reasonable and well-informed d BumeH/Corilgct Press mages. Michael ...even strolls around demonstrators, and he describes a confer- ): ."".*. p the house. : ence at which he viewed the film The Last g*G«";ls 'Vi. BV. Introduce your family to Epidemic. A film that graphically under- scores the horrendous consequences of nu- the wonders of robotic clear war would not seem to promote rea- I^i#: living.. .for less than the sonable thinking about the terrifying cost of a computer. For the existence of nuclear weapons. Unless one name of your nearest is more tough than sensitive, such sensory dealer, events lend to alter normal reasoning proc- * esses. Perry writes, ; "Their theme. . .was and «x "Call for HERO JR. is deterrence: Their by-product . . . was and is Since death." World War II, the theme has sliS at 1-800-253-0570" been deterrence, which requires weapons that kill. But far from being a by-product, death represents the failure of deterrence. In this ,.,„.. precarious nuclear age, we should he Bettman Archive: Dag 138 ^op. Henry not allow admittedly intense feeling to cloud ,n our rationality. Hence the motto of the Vau- 8 Funk, Pete Turner, NASA. ban Society: "Let reason govern fear." 1 Heath/Zenithfa Ann Malone Ithaca, NY "

Europe "Someare highly po:-;M.rt:c:. ttiited, dressed, Although Dallas is a hit in most of in Nagasaki. Why? In and dolled. Many are incomplete, suggest- and Asia, it flopped feudal TELEVISION ing the actors themselves lack a sense of Europe, as in Dallas, Moore explains, FROM P/ CONTINUED closure. Many are distinctly sad and anx- power was based on landholding. The land- in any power play. someone who can enact impulses they too ious— soft lines, vague delineations, a de- less were freely exploited tradition from the little, sticklike body, as if In Japan the feudal stems have felt, the main character can be re- tailed head atop a Samurai-warrior ethos and the imperial silk garded as a stereotypical American super- they couldn't make the effort to really put merchants, who were less prone to treat hu- boss or even as a black sheep. To some Eu- anything across." Telltale inconsistencies. as chattel. ropeans, and perhaps even more to Slavs Aside from the almost ever-present as- mans nearty every J.R.'s flagrant indifference to the wishes and Orientals, J.R. may be seen as the fam- pect of heightened sensuality, something about the of his mother. Miss Ellie, may also turn off the ily's economic genius. According to these drawing indicates Japanese. Since honoring one's mother is a bystanders' images of conventional behav- psychic dimensions of aggression and pas- culture, to intro- sivity. "It a suspicious, sidelong cornerstone of Japanese ior, he is well adapted for the world of power might be heavy duce a protagonist who makes neither gen- and wealth. Thus, for many foreign viewers, glance," Moore says, "or assertive, on muscularity; uine nor ritualistic postures of respect to his his actions are justifiable if they increase the strokes and overemphasis mother is to discredit the story as a whole. family's wealth and prestige, enabling the or tiny gray figures headed on their way off quietly possible. Some The economic leader ot an extended family clan members lo live like pashas and rajas. the page corner as as swirls were acts as an agent, not as an autonomous Dallas, Moore continues, "is very much a tale figures were made of huge and fur; others owner or freewheeling executor. To the Jap- of classic feudalism, in which the family covered with ruffles, curls, and and anese viewer, then, J.R.'s casual disregard power broker—whether he be some duke in resembled dwarfs standing balanced betray their of Miss Ellie is not to be believed. Farther Pomerania or a minor prince of frozen, as if taking a breath might suspects that the moral presence something the size of Manhattan, on the presence to a lurking attacker. Two or three Moore of of Miss Ellie has been a key element in Dal- banks of the Po—uses the family members viewers drew children, the epitome pow- sketched las's continued success. She functions as a as hostages, trade-offs, and pawns in his erlessness, and another one or two kind of superego and at the same time sanc- general economic striving." aged, feeble characters. says, "Dallas mobi- tions the viewer's own urge to revel in the But the Ewings haven't fully carried it off- "Obviously," Moore of deceit, rivalry, and underscoring the universal wisdom that lizes and organizes strong inner tendencies unrestrained displays sexual jealousy. In Moore's words, "Miss El- wealth and power are not enough for peo- to play victim or persecutor, prey or preda- of is, of lie pulls it all together into a microcosm ple's well-being. And their unhappiness pro- tor. This route to 'enchantment' course, of It folly in a world that still maintains a sense vides a certain satisfaction of moral one-up- well worn in American TV 'entertainment.' the rest of decency." If this analysis is correct, the pri- manship to those" viewers whose drawings is far less familiar on television in mal mother's nervous breakdown and re- portrayed the characters as unfulfilled. "The the world, which is normally more subject to grave - treat to a tropical island may have figures almost never depict a character in a governing boards that prefer to select consequences for Dallas's global future.OO relaxed or satisfied situation," Moore says. wholesome programs.

,^feJ<^

"On the positive side, our dummy held up extremely well. clear. At the next long step, black and gray saw that." When there is no I nor she, there

I Ninth clouds of ash or dust hid everything; and at is no story. I was, until got to the House;

there the hawk, but I was not. The hawk VISIONARY the next. I saw a desert of sand with nothing was

, T i NU= jFROMI- i.::F 1!) CON still air Seeing with the hawk's growing or moving at all. 1 took a step, and was; the was. eyes is being without self. Self is mortal. That came like a thin woman with rough, dun hair everything on the surface of the world was Eternity. on her head and arms, and a long, fine lace one single town, roofs and ways with people is the House of

hawk's eyes saw, all 1 can with yellow eyes. Two of her children came swarming in them like the swarming in pond So of what the here recall to words is this: with her, like coyote pups. water under a lens. 1 took another step and laid dry, the It was the universe of power. It was the Coyote looked at me and said, "Take it saw the bottoms of the oceans field, and lines of the energies of all easy. You can look down. You can look back." lava slowly welling from long center seams, network, under the wind. and huge desolate canyons far down in the the beings, stars, and galaxies of stars, I looked back and down minds, nerves, dust, the Below and behind me were dark ridges of shadow of the walls of the continents, like worlds, animals, of vibration that is being itself. forest with the rainbow shining across them, ditches below the walls of a barn. The next lace and foam interconnected, every part part of an- long slow on the wind, I saw all and light shining on the water on the leaves step I took, and the surface of the world— blank, smooth, and other part, and the whole part of each part, ol the trees. I thought there were people on comprehensible to itself only as a the rainbow but was not sure of that. Below pale, like the face of a baby I once saw that and so whole, boundless and unclosed. and farther on were yellow hills of summer was born without forebrain or eyes. I took At the Exchange it is taught that the elec- and a river among them going to fhe sea. In one more step and the hawk met me in the trical mental neiwork of the City extends from places the air below me was so full of birds sunlight, in the quiet air, over the southwest slope of Grandmother Mountain. all over the surface of fhe world out past the that I could not see the ground, but only the clouds still moon and the other planets to unimaginable light on their wings. It had been raining, and were the stars: In the vision all Coyote had a high, singing voice like sev- dark in the northwest. The rain shone on the distances among vast one momentary glitter of eral voices at once. She said, "Do you want leaves of the forests in the canyons of the that web was light on one wave on the ocean of the uni- to go on from here?" mountainside. Sun." Of the vision given me in the Ninth House, verse of power, one fleck of dust on one I said, "I was going to go to the fields of grass. The I grass seed in unending I in writing, and some "Go ahead. This is all my country. " Coyote can tell some parts the light dancing on the waves of I of said that and then came past me on the wind, can sing with the drum, but for most of it, images dust the glitter of light I motes, trotting on four legs as a coyote with her have not found words or music, though have the sea or on from afire, there. spent a good part of my life ever since learn- on ripe grass, theflicker of sparks pups. I was standing alone on the wind contain the vi- all I image can I draw what are have: No > ing how to look for them. cannot So I went on ahead. gift for making a sion, which contained all images. Music can My steps on the wind were long and slow, I saw, as my hand has no

mirror it better than words can, but I am no like the Rainbow Dancers' steps. At each likeness. poet to music of words. Foam and the slep the world below me looked different. At One reason it would be better drawn and make flicker and tell that there is person in it. scintillation of mica in rock, the one step it was light; at the next one, dark. is hard to is no working of "I did this" or "She sparkle of waves and dusi, the At the next step it was smoky; at the next, To tell a story, you say, the great broadcloth looms, and all dancing have reflected the hawk's vision for a mo- ment lo my mind; and indeed everything

would do so, if my mind were clear and strong enough. But no mind or mirror can

hold it without breaking. There was a descent or drawing away, and

things that I describe. Here I saw some can

is one of them: In this lesser place or plane. which was what might be called the gods or the divine, beings enacted possibilities. hu- These I, being human, recall as having man form. One of ihem came and shaped the vibrations of energies, closing their paths from gyre into wheel. This one was very strong and was crippled. He worked as blacksmith at the smithy, making wheels of energy, closed upon themselves, terrible with power, flaming. He who made them was burnt away by Ihem to a shell of cinder, with

eyes like a potter's kiln when it is opened and hair of burning wires, but still he turned the paths of energy and closed them into wheels, locking power into power. All around this being now was black and hollow where the wheels turned and ground and milled. There were other beings who came as if flying, like birds in a storm, flying and crying

across the wheels of fire to stop the turning > and the work, but they were caught in the wheels and burst like feathers of flame. The miller was a thin shell of darkness now, very weak, burnt out, and he too was caught in the wheels' turning and burning and grind- "I can never remember. Are we about to be crushed to death ing and was ground to dust, like fine, black bya meteor or a meteorite?" meal. The wheels as they turned kept grow- ing and joining until the whole machine was Tfe© Avtm% © ART CUMINGS

Fantastic.' a^ Immortality is within your grasp

in debt x_«,*^> " C* -»_ Mankind will bz "®^% t< ~^\Sn '•* *0 to your vision forever

Unborn qe.n<2Kai?ions shall caveK© your name-

Why did you stop ? I ran out of cadmium yellow interlocked cog within cog, and strained and brightened and burst into pieces. Every wheel as it burst was a Hare of faces and THE IMPORTED VODKA eyes and llowers and beasts on fire—burn- ing, exploding, destroyed, falling into black dust. That happened, and it was one flicker WITHOUT of brightness and dark in the universe of power, a bubble of foam, a flick of the shut- tle, a fleck of mica. The dark dust, or meal, THE IMPORTED PRICE

fay in the shape of open curves or spirals, ft began to move and shift, and there was a

scintillation in it, like dust in a shaft of sun- light. It began dancing. Then the dancing has'mouthfeeir drew away and drew away, and closer by, to .the left, something was there, crying like a little animal. That was myself, my mind and in being the world; and I began to become myself again; but my soul that had seen the vision was not entirely willing. Only my mind kept drawing it back to me Irom the Ninth

House, calling and crying for it till it came.

I was lying on my right side on earth, in a small, warm room with earthen walls. The only light came from the red bar of an elec- tric heater. Somewhere nearby people were singing a two-note chant. I was holding in my left hand a rock of serpentine, greenish with dark markings, quite round as if water- worn, though serpentine does not often wear round, but splits and crumbles. It was just large enough that I could close my fingers around it, I held this round stone for a long time and listened to the chanting until I went

to sleep. I When woke up, after a while I felt the rock going immaterial so that my fingers began sinking into it, and it weighed less

less, until it and was gone. I was a little

grieved by this, for I had thought it a remark- able thing to come back from the Right Arm of the World with a piece of it in my hand; but as I grew clearer headed, I perceived the vanity of that notion. Years later the rock came back to me. I was walking down by Moon Creek with my sons when they were small boys. The younger one saw the rock in the water and picked it up, saying, "A

world!" I told him to keep it in his heya-box, which he did. died, When he I put that rock back in the water of Moon Creek.

I had been in the vision for the first two days and nights of the Twenty-One Days ot the Sun. I was very weak and tired, and they kept mein the heyimas all the rest of the

Twenty-One Days. I could hear the long- singing, and sometimes I went into other rooms of the heyimas; they made me wel- come even in the inmost room, where they were singing and dancing the Inner Sun and

I where had entered the vision. I would sit

listen if and and half-watch. But I tried to fol- low the dancing with my eyes, or sing, or even touch the tongue-drum, the weakness would wash into me like a wave on sand, c sip and good-bye to your domestic and I would go back into the little room and s mean.) vodka and move up to the lie down on the earth, in the earth. :dVodka import without the imported They waked me to listen to the Morning. t't have is price. Carol; that was the first time in twenty-one days that I climbed the ladder and saw the sun, that day; the day of the Sun Rising. t The people dancing the Inner Sun had Seagrams been in charge of me. They had told me that

I in if was danger and that I approached an- IMPORTED VODKA having their ca- away from it. tellectual men are used to other vision. I should try to turn their achievements strong for il yet. They pacities doubled and as I was not enough to mind her ar- had told me not to dance; and they kep! snubbed; he did not seem

I did, even bringing me food, so good and so kindly rogance as much as sometimes him against it, it with to the point of trying to defend given that 1 could not refuse and aie enjoyment. After the Sun Risen days were her once, saying, "Even if he is a man, he past, certain scholars of the heyimas took thinks like a woman !_" if- It of course; and it was me in their charge. Tarweed. a man of my did no good, because the House, and the woman Milk of the Obsidian, partly true, it wasn't wholly true,

thing that was most important of all to me I were my guides. It was now lime thaf'l begin not of to Tarweed. a man, and to learn the recounting of the vision.' could speak noth- a man of my House: and to Milk, arrogant When I began. I thought there was stern was, and a woman who I and as she ing to learn: All I had to do was say what

I even had seen. had lived all her life celibate,. did not once, feeling Milk worked with words: Tarweed worked need to speak of it. I began to, "What is with words, drum, and matrix chanting. They that I must, and she stopped me.

of this. I know," she had me go very slowly, telling very little at a proper for me to know The vision is time, sometimes one word only, and repeat- said. "Vision is transgression! transgression be." tell, singing it to be shared; the cannot ing what I had been able to

understand that. I was very much with the matrix chant so that as much as 1 did not and being possible might be truly recalled and given afraid of going out of the heyimas wrong and could be recalled and given again. caught in my old life again, going the in false thinking despair. A out it is to way again and When I began thus to find what

I began to say what one has seen, and when the great half-month or so after the Sun, still ill I and and complexity and innumerable vivid details of feel and say that was weak heyimas. To this Tar- the vision overwhelmed my imagination and could not leave the weed said, 'Aha! About time for you to go surpassed my ability to- describe, I feared home!" 1 could grasp that I would lose it all before

most unfeeling. When I was I thought him one fragment of it and that even if I remem-

working with Milk, in my worry I began crying, bered some of it, I would never understand

"I I never and presently I said, wish had had any of it. My guides reassured me and qui- eted my impatience. Milk said, "We have this vision!" looked at me, a glance across the some training in this craft, and you have none. Milk whipped in the face with a You have to learn to speak sky with an earth eyes, like being branch. She said. "You did not have a tongue. Listen: If a baby were carried up the thin Mountain, could she walk back down, until stared at her. she learned to walk?" I sniveled and «•''' '"< 'You nothing. You have nothing. The f Tarweed explained to me that as I learned had Instrument house stands. Vou can live in a corner of it, Texas to apprehend mentally what I had perceived

of or all of it. or go outside it as you choose." in vision, I would approach the condition left me. living in both Towns; and so, he said, "Ihere's So Milk said and

in the small room. I began no great hurry." I stayed alone

look at it, the small warm room with earth it will take years years!" to I said, "But and walls floor and roof, underground. The He said, "You've been at it for a thousand and the whole earth. Outside HEWLETT-PACKARD years already. Gall said you were an old walls were earth; the sky: the whole sky. The room LCD PROBLEM SOLVERS soul." them was in vi- HP-11C Scientific S not was the universe of power. I was my It bothered me that 1 was often sure HP-15C Scientific (Heu.-! . sion. It not in me. HP-12C Financial whether Tarweed was joking or not joking. was HP-16C PronrammBr (IVeiDj try io stay on ;';.';.. That always bothers young people, and So I went home to live and HP-71B *399 however old my soul might be, my mind was the right way. to I went to the heyimas I under- Part of most days EXPANDABLE COMPUTER fifteen. I had to live a while before or to the Blood Lodge to BASIC Language stood that a -lot of things can only be said study with Tarweed # . i.-i,',-anrad Math with Milk. My health was sound, but I at the same time. I had study 17.5K RAM joking and not joking sleepy, and my household Expandable V, '.'3 f,K RAIv' to come clear back to Coyote's House from was still tired and out of me. All my 64K RDM the Hawk's House to learn that, and some- did not get very much work family but my father were. busy, restless peo- times I still forget it. talk but never to be Tarweed'S way was joking, shocking, stir- ple, eager to work and hey- still. Among them, after the month in the ring, but he was gentle; I had no fear of him. mountain creek, of she had imas, I felt like a pebble in a I had been afraid Milk ever since

buffeted. But I could go to work looked at me in the Blood Lodge and said, bounced and suggested to him "What are you here for?" She was a great with my father. Milk had worked. scholar and was Singer of the Lodge. Her that he take me with him when he about that, way was calm, patient, impersonal, but she Tarweed had questioned her danger- Tar- saying that the craft was spiritually . was not gentle, and I feared her. With and Milk had replied, in the patient, pa- weed she was polite, but it was. plain that ous, men, "Don't worry her manners masked contempt. She thought tronizing tone she used to

It danger that enabled her." a man's place was in the woods and fields about that. was working with power. 1 and workshops, not among sacred and in- So I went back to fhe art carefully and soberly, and tellectual things. In the Lodge I had heard learned

I learned drumming with her say the old gibe, "A man fucks with his set no more fires. with Milk. brain and thinks with- his penis." Tarweed Tarweed, and speaking mystery fear kept knew well enough what she thought, but in- But it was all slow, slow, and my became part of my legs and body. Then I stood there, very stiff and heavy and hard,

it been, I I had but was the center ot my fear. but could walk, and I could see and hear, never went to ride, and kept away from my now that the dark glass was not over my e friends for horses, who cared the and stayed and eyes but was part of them. I saw that out of the pastures where the horses were. I the house was all on fire, burning and smol- tried never to think about the Summer danc- dering, floor, walls, and roof. A black bird, a ing, the games and races. I tried never to crow, was flying in the smoke from one room think about iovemaking, although my moth- to the next. The old woman was burning, her er's sister had a new husband, and they clothes and flesh and hair smoldering. The made love every night in the next room with crow flew around her and cried tome, "Sis- a good deal, of noise. I began to fear and ter, get out, you'd better get out!" dislike myseli, and fasted and purged to There is nothing but anger in the house of weaken myself anger. I said, "No!"

] told Tarweed nothing of all this, shame The crow cawed, saying, "Sister, fetch

preventing me: nor did I ever speak of it to water, water of the spring!" Then it flew out Milk, fear preventing me. through the burning wall of the house. Just

So the World was danced, and next would as it went, it looked back at me with a man's come the Moon. The though! of that dance face, beautiful and strong, with curly, fiery made me more and more frightened; I felt hair streaming upward. Then the walls of fire The trapped by it. When the first night of the Moon sank down into the walls of the Serpentine came, I went down into my heyimas. mean- heyimas where I was sitting drumming on Expanding ing to stay there the time, closing whole my the three-note drum. I was still drumming, ears love to the songs. I started drumming but a different pattern, a new one. vision-tune a that Tarweed had brought back After that vision. I was called Flicker; the Search from his dragonfly visions. Almost at once I scholars agreed that it's best to use the name the boundaries between entered trance and went into the house of that that Grandmother gives you, even if you Today anger. don't do what she says. After that visio science and religion are rapidly In that house it was black and hot. with a went up to the Springs of the River, as Crow vanishing. Could it be, as many scientists are now concluding, that yellowish glimmering like heat lightning and had said to do; and after it I was freed from a dull muttering noise underfoot and in the my tear of my desire. there exists an underlying unity? Are the answers to be found wails. There was an old woman in there, very The central vision is central; it is not for expansion of conscious- black, with too many arms. She called me. anything outside itself; indeed there is noth- through an ness wherein truth is clearly not by the name I then had. Berry, but Flicker; ing outside it. What I beheld in the Ninth ' perc >ed? "Flicker, come here! Flicker, come here!'" I House is, as a cloud or a mountain is. understood that Flicker was my name, but I make use of such visions, make meanings Paramahansa Yogananda, founder did not come. out of them, find images in live them, on them, of Self-Realization Fellowship, said, The old woman said. "What are you sulk- but they are not for us or about us any more "Truth is no theory, no speculative ing about? Why don't you fuck is. go with your than the world We are part of them. There system of philosophy, no intellec- ? brother in Chuku;mas Desire unacted is are other kinds of vision, all farther from the tual insight. Truth is exact corres- corruption. Must Not is a slave owner. Ought center and nearer self; to the mortal one of pondence with reality. For man, Not is a slave. Energy constrained turns the those is the turning vision, which is about £ truth is unshakable knowledge of wheels of evil. Look what you're dragging person's life. own The vision in which that his real e, hii self a with you! How can you run the gyre, how can Grandmother named me was a turning vi- For more than half a century, Self- you handle power, chained tike that? Super- sion. Realization Fellowship has been stition! Superstition!" The Summer came, and the people came teaching scientific techniques of I found that my legs were both fastened down from Chukulmas. My brother of the meditation and life-energy control with bolts and hasps to a huge boulder of Serpentine did not ride his roan horse in the that you can test in the laboratory of serpentine rock so that I could not move at races: a girl of the Obsidian of Chukulmas your own life. Through the exper-

I all. thought that if I fell down, the boulder rode that horse, and he rode a sorrel mare. ience of meditation you can would roll on me and crush me. The roan stallion won all races and was much transform abstract truths into a The old woman said. "What are you wear- praised. Alter that summer he would race no reality. As you begin to know ing your That's living on head? no Moon Dance more, but be put to stud, they said. I did/not and express your real nature, you veil. Superstition! Superstition!" ride, but watched the races and the games. discover the infinite source of all life

I It put up my hands and found my head is hard to say how I felt. My throat ached within you. Then you won't need to covered with a heavy helmet made of black all the time, and I kept saying silently inside speculate about the meaning of I obsidian. was seeing and hearing through myself, goodbye, goodbye! But what I was your existence; you will know. this black, glass, murky which came down saying goodbye to was already gone. I was over my and ears. eyes mourning and yet unmoved. The girl was a SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET "Take it off, Flicker!" the old woman said. good rider, and beautiful, and I thought I said, "Not at your bidding!" maybe they are going to come inland to- Self-Realization I could hardly see or hear her as the hel- gether; but it did not hurt or concern me. met pressed Fellowship heavier and thicker on my head What I wanted was to be gone from Telina, ^ and the boulder pushed against my legs and to begin living the life that followed the turn- back. ing vision, thai followed the gyre. cried, "Break free! are turning She You into So in the heat of the summertime I went stone! Break free!" with Tarweed upriver, to the Springs of the

I would not obey her, I chose to disobey. River at Wakwaha.

I With my hands pressed the obsidian hel- On the Mountain I lived in the host-house met into my ears and eyes and forehead un- of the Serpentine, and worked mostly as til it sank in and became part of me, and I electrician's assistant at odd jobs around the pushed myself back into the boulder until it sacred buildings and the Archive and Ex- "

it, they ex- my life, telling and dunnming. going into vi- change. In the morning I would come out- they come back from may be doors at sunrise. All beyond and below the tremely tired, or excited and bewildered, and sion and coming back from it, dancing in the quietness without dis- beautiful place of the Five High porch of that house I would see a vast plum- in either case, need dancing ing biankness, the summer tog filling the tractions and demands. In other words, it's Houses, drinking from the Springs of the Valley, while the first rays of the sun bright- like childbearing or any hard, intense work. River. ened the rocks of the Mountain's peaks One supports and protects the worker. Re- The Grass was late inthe third year I lived visioning recounting are the in Wakwaha. Some days after it ended and I same, above me, and I would sing as had been and much taught: though not quite so hard. some days before Jhe Twenty-One Days be-

I the ladder of the "!t is the Valley of the puma, In the host-house I fasted only before the gan, was about to go up

where the lion walks, great wakwa; I ate lightly, with some care of Serpentine heyimas when Hawk Woman

I of the where the lion wakes, which foods I ate, and drank little wine and came to me. thought she was one until cried the shining, shining in the Seventh House!" watered it. If you are going into vision or re- people of the heyimas, she 'kiyir, kiyir'." vision, you don't want to keep changing hawks cry, \ turned, and she said,

Later, in the rainy season, the puma walked yourself and going in a different way- "Dance the Sun upon the Mountain, Flicker, on the Mountain itself, darkening the sum- through starving one time, the next time and after that go down. Maybe you should mits and the Springs in cloud and gray mist. through drunkenness, or cannabis, or trance- learn how to dye cloth." She laughed, and " through the entrance To wake in the silence of that rainless, all- singing, or whatever. What you want is mod- flew up as the hawk concealing fog was to wake to dream, to eration and continuity. If one is an ecstatic, overhead.

breathe the lion's breath. of course it's another matter; that is not work Other people came where 1 was standing at the foot of the ladder. They had heard the Much of each day on the Mountain I spent but burning. through I cry, her fly in the heyimas, and at times slept there. I So the life led in Wakwaha was dull and hawk's and some saw up worked with the scholars and visionaries of peaceful, much the same from day to day the entrance of the heyimas.

Wakwaha at the techniques of revisioning, and season to season, and suited and After that I had neither vision nor revision or kind. that I desired of the Ninth House or any house of recounting, and of music. I did not prac- pleased my mind and heart so

1 bereft relieved. Thai terrible I did those years and tice dancing or painting much, as I had no nothing else. All the work in was gift for them, but practiced recalling and re- on the Mountain was revisioning and re- grandeur had been hard to bear, to bring lose counting in spoken and written language and counting the vision of the Ninth House that back, to share and give and over and

it It all strength, with the drum. had been given me; I gave all I could of to over. had been beyond my

the scholars of the Serpentine for their rec- and I was not sorry to cease revisioning. But I had, as many people have, exaggerated

I our guid- I thought that had lost all vision and notions of how visionaries live. I expected a ords and interpretations, in which when

strained, athletic, ascetic existence, always ance as a people lies. They were kind, true must soon leave: VVaKwaha l began to grieve.

I I people I whom had stretched towards the ineffable. In fact, it was kin, family of my House, and at last a child thought about those

I I kinfolk, when a dull kind of life. When people are in vision, of that House again, not self-exiled. thought thought were my long ago

all a child, before I afraid. They were they can't look after themselves, and when I had come home and would live there was was

"The prediction is that competition lor government research funds will grow even more intense. THROW A STAR PARTY

ination and lived w.hou\ nonesly, making up Serpentine woman of Telina. They had been gone, and now I too must go. leaving these younger born sevai. if I given children, the kinfoik of my House of Wakwaha, and go live the world all the time. I was afraid that two them, left the children with him and left among strangers the rest of my life. stayed there I might begin imitating as She had across town to I going A woman-living man of the Serpentine of Deertongue had warned. me. After all. had her mothers' house,

Adobe man. I knew her, she Wakwaha, Deertongue, who had taught me gone wrong that way once before. So I said marry a Red

I gambled with and sung with me and given me friendship, goodbye lo people, and on a cold, bright was one of the people had this as. a child, but I had never talked to man, morning I went down the Mountain. A young saw that I was downcast and anxious, and Stillwater, who lived in his children's grand- said to me. "Listen. You think everything is redtail hawk circled, crying over the can- worked" mostly as a I mother's house. He done. Nothing is done. You think the door is yons, '"kiyir! kiyir!" so mournfully that cried tanner and housekeeper. We shut. No door is shut. What did Coyote say myself. chemist and went to mothers' household in talked and got on well and met to talk again. to you at the beginning of it all?" I back my him, decided to My uncle had married and moved I came inland with and we I said, "She said to lake it easy." Telina-na. small to myself; that marry. Deertongue nodded his head and out, so I had his room My father was against it, because Still- laughed. was a good thing , since my cousin had mar- ried and had a child, and the household was water had two children in his household al- I said, "Bui Hawk said to go down."

I would bear none; but that "She didn't say not to come back." as crowdec and res "Jess as ever. I went back ready and so grandmother and to work with my father, learning both theory was what I wanted. My "But I have lost the visions!"

heartily for anything I did, I not "But you have your wits! Where is the cen- and practice with him. and after two years mother were them, Millers Arl. because I had always disappointed ter of your life. Flicker?" became a member oi the He and together often. life and they did not want three more people in answered, I continued to work My I thought, not very long, and our house, which was crowded enough. Bui "There. In lhat vision. In the Ninth House." was nearly as quiet as it had been in Wak-

Everything I what I wanted. I that, too, was He said, "Your liie turns on that center. Only waha. Sometimes would spend days in the years to be. don't blind your intellect by hankering after heyimas drumming; there were no visions, wanted in those came

Stillwater and the little boys and I made a vision! You know that the vision is not your but the silence inside the drumming was household on the ground floor of Seven self. The hawk turns upon the hawk's desire. what I wanted. House, their grandmother lived I Steps where You will come round home and find the door So the seasons went along, and was sweet-tern- wide open." thinking about what Hawk Woman had said. on the first floor. She was a lazy, peted woman, very fond of Stillwater and the I was rewiring an old house, Seven Steps 1 danced the Sun upon the Mountain, as got on very well. We lived Hawk Woman had said to do, and after that- House in the northeast arm of Telina, and children, and we while working there on a ho! day, a in that house fourteen years. All that time I I must There were J was I began to feel that go. contented, like I wanted and was some people. living in Wakwaha who soughl man of one of the households brought me had what lambs in a safe pasture, with vision or ecstasy by continuous tasting or some lemonade, and we fell to talking, and a ewe with two down eating the grass. All that time drug taking, and lived in hallucination; such so again the next day. He was a Blue Clay my head day in summer, in the fenced people came no! to know vision from imag- man from Chukulmas who had married a was like a long 152 OMNI fields, or jn a quiet house when the. doors are closed lo keep the rooms cool. That was life's my day. Before it and after it were, the twilights- and the dark, when things and The it whal was I missed, what shadows oi things become one. inly not to be shut into the Our elder son—and this was a satisfac- did not have to go in and tion to my grandmother at last—wenl to learn mly I could see those who with the Doctors Lodge on White Sulfur uw'eed. and he laughed a Creek as soon as he entered his sprouting years, and by the lime he was iwenty he was inything more, but watched living al the Lodge much of the lime The younger died when he had lived sixteen

years.. Living with his pain and always in- creasing weakness anti iOOtH": hi- ,qs<- Tit;

use ol his hands and the siqnl n h s oyo:-; had driven his brother to seek to be a'healer. but living with his fearless; soul tiad b< chief joy. He was like a little hawk that came into one's hands for the warmth, for a mo- ment, fearless and harmless, but hurt. Alter he died. Stillwa- ter lost heart, and be- gan longing for his old home. Presently he went back to Chukul- mas to live his mothers' house.

Sometimes I went to visit him there.

I went back to my childhood home, my mothers' house, where my grandmother and mother and father and the kind aunt and cousin and of peopie I used to see her husband and two when I was a young children were. They

child. I knew they were were still busy and indeed my kin. but I noisy; it was not where did not know who they

I wanted lo be. I would

were. I asked Milk. go to the heyimas and "Who are they?" drum, but that was not She was bewil-

what I wanted, either. dered at first and

I missBd Stillwater's could not see. well, The dynamic range of the Toshiba V-S46 is company, but it was a window rattling, speaker- blowing dB. And and complained. The no longer the'time-for 80 there's much more to it than meets the ear Such as four video heads for snow-free people, began to us to live together: that slow mo and freeze frame. A 20-function wireless speak, and after a remote. Plus front loading and 1 17 cable was done. It was channels. m-a^-™™™*™™ while she answered Turn it up and you'll either want to buy a new pair something else I TOSH I RA them. of speakers. Or have to. "'""„,-.- Sometimes they wanted, but I could ^JLlf*? spoke this language, not find out what.

and sometimes I did In the Blood Lodge not understand what one day they told me that Milk, who was now away quickly and quietly. Somebody else Ihey said: but she- answered them eagerly. truly an old woman, had had a stroke. My was there. I iell ore H:io il en of fear At ir-| When she grew tired, ihey went away qui- son came with me to nsr h-eiped see arc her cou-cr i see-h m cearly m inat iwihphl of tne oily and heloed her to bed. As she began in her recovery; and. since she was alone. I oraw space; then I saw it was Tarweed. to go to sleep, I saw a little child come and went to stay 'with her while she needed help. 'You never ride horses anymore. Flicker." lie down beside her. She put her arms around It suited her to have me there, and so I lived he said. it. Every night after that until Milk died ir with her. It was comfortable lor both of us; "Riding is for the young. Tarweed." I said. winter, the child came to her bed to sleep. but she was looking for her last name and 'Are you old''" Once I spoke of it, saying, "your daugh- learning to die, how and although I could be "Nearly forty years old." ter." Milk looked at me with that whipping of some help lo her while she did that and And you don't miss riding?" look in her one good eye. She said. "Not my could learn from her, il wasn't I what wanted He was teasing me, as people had teased caugnter. Yours." myself, yet. me once about being in iove with the roan So I keep that house now, with the daugh- One day a little before the Summer I was horse. ter I never bore, the child of my first love, and working in the storage barns above Moon I "No, don't miss that." with others of family. my Sometimes when I Creek. The Art had put in a new generator "What do you miss?" sweep the floor of that house, I see the dust there, and I was checking out the wiring to "My child that died." in a shaft of sunlight, dancing in curves and the threshers, some of which needed rein- "Why should you.miss him?" spirals, flickering. DQ ' j irUTtERV/IEWJ

tion? Do you think it really matters' where a

business is located? Naisbitt: We are simultaneously localizing

and globalizing. When I deal with the world.

'! I deal from my local base; don't go through

Washington, DC. or anywhere else.' I deal from my base in Seattle or Pocatello [Idaho] with countries and companies all over the world. What's happening in locating com- panies isashitliromin-ra5:"uc:uretoquality

of life. During the industrial period, when we located a plant,, we went for the infrastruc- ture; water transportation, the natural re- sources, proximity !o market— all those things that are' now irrelevant. In the new economy, we look ior quality ol lite, good climate, quality of. education, low crime rates, and cultural ano receaional ooportunities. That explains this incredible rush to the

Southwest and Florida. But why is Boston by far the largest city that's gone from the old economy to the new? Boston has an unat-

tractive climate in summer, but look at all the

other quality-of-life aspects it brings to the party: sixty-five universities and colleges

' right within its immediate area, great recre- . 1 the time to explore anew - through research at leading- ation arguably our greatest concentration universities. Our products are bacU::> — "'••. of culture. and so forth. It's got great quality possible guarantee... , . bythe best of life. Someone in Seattle recently told me ~!-r:'.r and personal happiness satisfaction o'ryour money back. \ that you know it's summer in Seattle when • jgd'nand in hand. Where each day is

^ : personal the rain gets warm, and I think that's about mediated not in hours, hut by Why wait? Alter /ust a few qualities life that :v<;;;;i;v program. you right. But there are other of ' -achievements. Like most people, session's SCM'L^ 1 : :..,'!•. • alVao: peoo.e sufficiently enough to live you've probably imagined a future that iv/ / (;i 'g;/) jo.' nangeas Northern the a serene, inner' there. But in the Midwestern and is much better than the present. Bui you face world with industrial cities the story is less promising. why wmte precious days, months, calm. Whatever, four dream, it can "• Realize that the shift to the South is spe- ' even years, whenSCWL® Subliminal. happen. No matter what your cific to the Southwest and Florida— not the Techniques can help you get more irom expectations, you can surpass them. It

not whole South. I some- life, you'll wonder Sunbelt and the life, more irom yourself, right now-! will he a new and times advise clients on an FTC policy—Flor- v/hy vou waited so iong to discover is. ida, Texas, and California because today, Every day can be the greatest day of — the about forty percent of America's population your life. What would make'yp'ur life Free information. Till qui coupon and economic growth is taking place in just better? Losing weight? Becoming a below and we'll sencj you information those three states. more dynamic salesperson? Controlling on the b'i different tapes we offer, irom Your Omni: Will New York, with it's cultural attrac- stress? Whether you want to' stop "The Best in 'You" and "Develop tions, also continue to be-strong? smoking or discover hidden talents, Creativity", to "Weight Loss", "Stress Naisbitt: No. Manhattan will maintain itself as SCWL® (Subconscious to Conscious Control" and "Success Motivation". a very imporian; globa swiching station and Without Limitations) Subliminal Audio international arts city, but the four boroughs Tapes help you do it. SCWL® around it will sink even furlher. New York City reinforces your deepest desires and MIDWEST RESEARCH, INC. lost two million of its population in the Sev- abilities through continued J00% 6515 Highland Road, Suite 203-76 enties, and exclusive of Manhattan, it will positive messages, thereby reaching Pontiac, Michigan 4605 4 continue to decline. your most "powerful source". ..your Omni: Why is entrepreneurship and creativ- own subconcious mind. ity flourishing in the United States? Naisbitt: Americans have never been as SCWL® 's success is guaranteed. Europeans have thought. SCWL® Subliminal Techniques are easy stereotypical as We were never even a melting'pot. We never did to use and have helped people from all melt. In this homoglobal economy our com- walks of life, from professional sports petitive is our human resources. teams and athletes, like the worlds' edge is Ihe best- positioned country in the greatest bowler Earl Anthony, to major America world because have this rich mix of eth- universities and large city police we global experience, en- departments. Midwest Research, the nic groups and hanced all the more by this new wave of originator of SCWL®, is the world's Hispanic immigrants. It's the rich- largest producer and researcher of Asian and of the mix that leads to innovation and Audio-Subliminal Tapes. We are ness have it all over Ja- continually improving on these creativity. That's why we is society, one race, one his- advanced behavioral science methods pan. Japan one tory, and that's very limiting. They are su- perb at making or even improving hardware, now— it is okay to get married, or not to, to guity to one degree or another. Look but they're not nearly so at the good as this rich have a lot of children, to have children with- waves of nostmg.s on B-oadway, for exam- mix of Americans is al making software. It's out getting married, and so on. ple, reproducing all those old plays. People not by chance we have one hundred thir- Qne trend today is for unmarried women like to hold on to a certain past, as they try teen Nobel Prize-winners and Japan has two. nearing the end of their childbearmg years to deal with acomplex, Omni: Did you multiple-option pres- yourself invent the famous to have a child outside marriage. Other ent. I personally feel like a much more spir- phrase high tech/high touch? women get married, don't have children until itual person. It's not that I believe Naisbitl: Yes. in ESP or When you put high tech into a their late thirties, and then go back to Work; reincarnation, butrather that I'm much more society, the technology that displaces hu- There's just a multiplicity of arrangements willing to entertain and explore new possi- mans always seems antihuman. So we hu- and ways and directions. bilities, I'm reading about it, and my wife is man beings try to create a compensatory Omni: With Boy George a rock superstar and about the most spiritual "high touch" person I've ever met. to restore the balance between Paris fashions offering skirts for men, 'is an- For example, last night our technology and Trish and I took our ourhumaniiy,.orhuman- drogyny the wave of the. future? Swedish .colleagues to a restaurant here in ness. High-tech dissonance results when you Naisbitf: Alter hundreds of years of machis- town, and before/eating we had wine and put your computer in an. environment of min- mo and patriarchal values, we are now we all held hands and expressed not a prayer imalist furniture. The more computers in our seeking a new balance, a more equitable but what we wanted to say to each other in houses, the more likely the' other aspects.of sharing of roles between the sexes. We'll see a very loving, direct way. It was very the environment, the pow- erful, very bonding furniture — say, 'the with these other hu- sofa, the curtains—will man spirits get softer, plumper, whom we reai'y cuddlier, or whatever, cved a lot. Omni; Are you now in contrast. Remem- Personal: ber when companies shifting away from emphasizing practi- moved to the open- Bushmills drinker, cal space office sepa- reality? Naisbitt: rated by white sound Well, I think tired of petty abuse in that the spiritual instead of physical di- mension is partitions? Very high no less real local bar, seeks other than what you call tech—you don't hear anyone nearby be- common sense. I am just cause of the white Bushmills drinkers. now exploring this- new reality. sound. Then you got After upbringing. my I the high touch—the It happens all the time: order a Bushmills went the through a period of phenomenon of the on rocks and the fellow next to voti says: "Bushmills? absolutely complete many forests of plants Never heard of it." skepticism that sprang Don't let his provincialism bother you. — rigidly 'up in the ' so. offices. Remember that few people know But I've mellowed,

Bushmills is and though I don't be- Omni: Will all this high imported whiskey from the world's oldest distillery. lieve in flying saucers. technology boos! cul- And that it's distilled 3 times

I perfectly tural activity? for an uncommonly smooth taste. am willing to look at any evi- Naisbitt; There's a So be of good cheer, just think: if every- dence. body knew about Bushmills, For example, I renaissance, of spirit- there wouldn't be . believe in faith heal- uality in this country. enough to go around. ing. That's not I'm not talking about too sur-

prising because I the religious revival, ex- perienced it but about a wide- as a child. In the Mormon church spread interest, in have- many manifestations you the elders, in my case mostly of spirituality, espe- my uncles, four or five cially art. The Japa- powerful nese really resonate men who came around with the idea of high and prayed when tech/high touch. After you got sick, laying their hands I'd lectured around the

on you. When I was country, many Japanese reported to me the more men wear ny dresses, but we won't see four years old, I had terrible earaches, renewed interest there which in the traditional lea all men wearing dresses. We are not going they cured. To a very limited ceremony, extent I prac- in flower arrangement, and in to melt into one sox. We w.l see more sexual tice this kind of healing because I know that other forms of spirituality. Those are surely ambiguity, though, like Michael Jackson, and among believers it works. high-touch It'sas real as the compensations balancing Ihe in- much more broad-mhdeo altitudes toward couch you're sitiing credible amount on. of high technology thai has Sexual roles. The way of Boy George is not Omni: After the narcissistic Seventies, been pumped into that are society in such a the way of all America. Boy George is doing we becoming a less selfish society? short time. In personal relationships, we will it to.be outrageous. I don't disapprove of him Naisbitt: It's too early tell. to But I see in young compensate for ail the technology we have at all. He is an extraordinarily intelligent guy. people a spirit that is more cooperative to put up with. than It would be interesting to have him to dinner. competitive, more nurturing. Omni: Does high tech/high The media touch explain the You see, many in people this multiple-option characterization of the Seventies as trend back to marriage? the "me -society are going .through a fundamental decade" is wrong: It was self-sufficiency Naisbitt: I don't think we know yet, but it's a change and can't do things the way they rather than irresponsibility. There very good candidate as was nar- an explanation. Most used to be done. Lots of us who can't handle cissism but no more narcissism than before, important is that marriage, previously the only the ambiguity of so many new choices go Now there may less be than ever. I sense option, is now just one of many choices in a and join a Fundamentalist church to be told that the whole society is moving from insti- multiple-option society. Everything is okay what to do. Allot usexpenence this ambi- tutional help to self-help. An important ex- In women coming into the labor force, why don't ample is the new concern with health. the irUTELLIEErUCE you make your entire company women? pasl turned over the whole responsibility : we I..CM ll-Jl.!l nFROMI-'A(.i. i;- richness of to doctors. Now we're taking responsibility Naisbitt: It's like audiences: The of Now let's applv the same principle to so- for ourselves. When thirty million or forty mil- the mix is what makes it tick. The energy is at least four times ciety. If I'm right that we're moving beyond lion people get up and run each morning, a male-female audience for stage of mass production, distribution, worry about nutrition, and so on, is that nar- that of an all-male one. The same goes the in communication if the variety of orga- groups. I wouldn't' hire only people and — cissism? I si nee of an al- age structures fe increasing; if we are most old-fashioned kind. Self-reliance has their twenties. Response, attention level, de- nizational it's toward smaller, more numerous, been characteristic of this society since be- gree of participation of audience— just a moving more decentralized units (sometimes orga- fore Emerson wrote his essay on the subject. efferent chemistry entirely. still, isn't mixing love and work a nized within very large organizational frame- In the Fifties, we turned our souls over to the Omni: But life! works); if our laws are multiplying, and our corporation, our health to the medical estab- bad thing? It once led to trouble in your values, attitudes are becom- lishment, our kids to the schools, and our Naisbitt: [Laughs uproariously] It did! products, and Well lead ing more heterogeneous: if mass society is welfare to the government. In the last dec- Touche! Absolutely. anything can much more differen- ade, we've begun reclaiming responsibility to trouble. Why put the burden on that lead- being replaced by a tiated social order—then it takes far more for ourselves. ing to trouble? just to keep the whole emerging Omni: People seem to be relying more on Omni: You're a great optimist. Don't you have information system in some semblance of equilibrium. themselves in finding a mate. How do you any negative thoughts? ' short, the heterogeneity of the new so- react to the latest wave oi telephone-record- Naisbitt: I'm scared as hell of nuclear holo- In personal responsibility ciety demands higher levels of information ing personal ads in which you make a sales caust. We all bear a in tfie Soviet exchange than did the homogeneity of a pitch for yourself on tape and an agency there. I'm doing some lectures Union because the real problem is our rela- mass society. The information explosion and plays it to telephone callers? Soviet Union. only thing the new information technologies are a re- Naisbitt: Sure, it's an attempt to get more tionship with the The film Day Alter sponse to this need. touch, but a recording is still very clinical. If more appalling than the TV the many of the latest tools de- your recording were played to a woman's was the panel following it, when during two Furthermore, help us cope with the greater recording, and you have high-tech disso- solid hours of discussion not a single person signed to of essential information actually foster nance, nothing would happenl Actually, this on the panel mentioned America's relation- floods That's.the or facilitate still further diversification. sounds more lo me like the awkward pres- ship with the Soviet Union. whole mis- Onesmall example: In traditional industry, ent rather than the future. We are in the midst difficulty: It doesn't matter how many all workers are supposed to show up at the of transformation, economically, socially, and siles England or France has. Omni: Won't a global -information society help factory gate when the whistle blows— all at politically. On the whole I think technology

if it the time. It is a simple system: a uni- liberates us to be more human. to resolve the problem connects Rus- same schedule. The computer, however, fa- Omni: You strongly believe in the future of sians and Americans directly? form cilitates the introduction of fiex-tlme sys- romantic love, don't you? Naisbitt: The global economy will. We should interde- tems, that is, a great diversity of personalized Naisbitt: Yes, I'm very optimistic about it. Very be working toward real economic Similar examples can be found optimistic. Personal relationships are going pendence. We have already come quite a schedules. of Korean air- in inventory control and a thousand other to get us through, to help us deal with tech- way. The shooting down the ' total- liner did not result in a single change'in the fields. The computer, far from being a nology if we are ever going to be comfort- parameter with the Soviet Union. itarian monster that homogenizes us, is con- able with it. The quality of our relationships economic devastating to our farm- tributing greatly to the thrust toward diver- becomes more important unless we substi- It would have been ers. already have that much interde- sity at every level today. tute it for some other manifestation of high We route is the only hope for But diversity in the ordinary sense is only touch— like a church, art, or whatever. These pendence and this protectionism as part of the story. There is another important relationships will give many oi us the high- world peace. So I oppose factor as well, and that is the speed of touch ballast for the high-tech future. much as possible. prediction change itself. Omni: Will we see more mixing of love and Omni: Have you ever made a which you were either gratifyingly right The faster things change, the more infor- work, as it were— increasing numbers of about mation to deal with new conditions. husband-and-wife teams at work? or embarrassingly wrong? we need children. But going It's really just a special case of the principle I no favorite Naisbitt: Well, my wife, Patricia, and I have Naisbitt: have mentioned above, because change can be begun to make joint speeches together, and back fifteen years, to when I was starting to of several cities like banned traffic regarded as diversity in time. The state it's really terrific, because that's one new do this, Tokyo

it becomes different the sections. I thought being at one moment model. In all the business meetings I'm as- from their central-city the more "often that happens, the sociated with, you usually have men talking was a trend, that before long traffic was going next. And of all the cities more information we need to keep on mak- to you. Once in a while they have a woman, to be banned from the center wouldn't ing adaptive decisions. often a token woman. But almost never do in this country. I also thought we with I rising diversity combined they have a man and a woman. My wife is a have too many prisons. I was simply wrong So see basic reasons why very powerful presence, very beautiful and about. an awful lot of things early on, and I accelerated change as information explo- I experiencing an very commanding. We speak together; she learned from the process. Since was we are burned on that one, when people ask me sion. Society is evolving from earthworm to talks for a page, and I talk for a page. We being! as it were, at very high really give a joint presentation and jointly an- about public transportation, I say that in the human faster than the Agricultural Revo- swer questions and soon. People really love United States, particularly in Texas, the car speeds— faster than the is to be one of the last things we're lution of 10,000 years ago, it. We just talked to six thousand hospital going Revolution of years ago. The pharmacists, a perfect audience for us be- going to give up. This is a very individualistic Industrial 300 result: a fantastic proliferation of information cause they were mostly in their twenties and society, and it's becoming even more so. give on every conceivable topic and a concur- thirties, half the audience being women, and Omni: What fatherly advice would you rent burst of new electronic inventions for we got a thunderous ovation. They all loved a young futurist? rapidly storing, coding, classifying, manip- the idea of our being a team in work as-well Naisbitt: First of all, I'd say don't be called a lot ulating, and communicating information. futurist. I disclaim the. label. There are a as in personal life. I think we'll see more of that ban- In short, there are reasons for today's In- this, but again, it's an option, not a trend. of people running around waving significant turning what it means. What formation Revolution, a Omni: What do you think of film director Ste- ner. I don't know quite is the real trick is to under- point in human culture.OO ven Spielberg's policy of staffing hisco'm- I do know that pany almost entirely with women? With all stand the present. That's the secret—and Copyright ;c; ;.9«3 by Aivin ToiHer. these energetic, competent, and ambitious the present is there to be understoodlDO 166 OMNI — —

-IANTS AND DWARFS

By George Lake

matter that osi of the matter in !he called a dark halo. It was discovered in matter in the universe—the f^ f% makes up stars the sum does not equal I is as yet undiscovered. Where 1973 by Soviet researcher Jan Einasto, of — the Tartu Observatory, in the Ukraine. the total mass of the universe during the I U lis il? What form does it take? Clues are now emerging that some of Astrophysicists J. R Ostriker and R J. first three minutes of its existence. But Princetcn University, were the when you include the dark masses of the it might be hidden in black holes surrounding Peebles, of galaxies, the does agree. galactic dwarfs —dwarfs that are as first to publicize the findings. sum massive as giants. Over the years, all kinds of galaxies have This seems very odd. If the dark and these dark halos. light matter were once all the same, why are For some time it has been known that been found to possess identified. they different now? And there are other there is more to galaxies than meets the eye Spiral galaxies were the first But so All stars that been observed (or the X-ray, infrared, or gamma-ray recently, astrophysicist Bob Schommer, puzzles. have heavier I, the Very so far possess some metals. These telescope). It has also been known that of Rutgers University, and using elements are in massive stars galaxies come in a variety of sizes and Large Array radio telescope, in St. Augus- produced of explosive burning, forms. There are dwarfs (not to be confused tin. New Mexico, discovered that elliptical during a final stage

if normal star with dwarf stars), and there are giants. galaxies have them as well. known as a supernova. So a metals, the gas And there are higher-structured galaxies Marc Aaronson, of the Steward Observa- is found to contain heavy

it have been smooth ellipticals and chaotic irregulars. tory,' in Arizcna, was the first to discover cloud formed from must The Now researchers are discovering that something was awry inside dwarf contaminated by a nearby supernova. only stars that don't contain heavy that although dwarfs may look smaller than . .galaxies. While taking his velocity measure- universe's giants, they have about the same mass. ments, he found evidence for mass that metals are those formed at the Astronomers gauge the mass of a galaxy was several times greater than that of birth. That's because only light elements lithium were by examining the velocities of objects in the visible stars alone. And when Schommer deuterium, helium, and — time. Back then, there were I of larger galaxy formed at that and around it. The larger the mass, the and studied a sampling a contaminate them. stronger the gravitational forces, and the made of a binary pair of dwarfs, the galaxies no supernovas around to metal- higher the velocities. As you move outward in these pairs had relative velocities so This means that somewhere, some all observed from the center of a galaxy, its brightness large that their total mass was huge, nearly free stars exist But since stars possess metals, the question diminishes, but its mass increases. This dark that of giant galaxies. some the first generation of stars? matter, a concentration of black holes, is If you add up the total mass of the visible is, Where is Well, we know that in some dwarf galaxies there are tight knots of stars called globular clusters. These have enormous masses,

roughly 1 million times that of the sun. As they move among the stars, they should eventually succumb to a small drag thai pulls them toward the center ot the galaxy, where they would merge and form a nucleus for the dwarf. Yet in the nearby dwarf galaxy Fornax, we see several distinct globular clusters. None of them is at the center of the dwarf, which has no nucleus. This discovery has led Schommer and me to propose that in this cluster there is also dark matter—black holes—with the mass of 1 million suns, large enough to prevent these clusters from merging. From these cosmic indiscretions, we see clues that lead us to a culprit as surely as the identity of the murderer is revealed to the armchair detective. They all lead to the dark halo, a kind of graveyard for the first generation of stars. Supernova explosions condensed them into black holes, leaving a legacy of heavy metals containing much mass. The VLA (Very Large Array) telescope: What matter lurks in the halos of galaxies? VLA knows. of the universe's unseen DO 168 OMNI sion: The biggest of the tyrannosaurs and BREAKTHROUGHS as fast ornithomimids were probably about CONTINUFR FROM PAGE 48 PA1NT1NC as horses and ostriches. had been used to erad- The chicken is a very useful animal for un- the insecticide that The malathion mol- derstanding dinosaur anatomy. Birds are the icate the pest. It worked: no one has restored it and proved once and smithereens. descendants of such dinosaurs as the ecules were blasted to I direct for all what the stegosaurus looked like. especially Asmus, maintains that Old velociraptor, and their muscles, especially No one, couldn't resist; so I got out the mono- that's of the limb, remain very dino- the flashblaster is'the magic wand graph that described the specimen. For those hind all poison disappear. Ob- the skeleton, saurlike. To understand dinosaur anatomy, going to make more data 1 crawled around onecan'l shine a light at a vatful of dissect a chicken as you eat it. viously, measuring it and being careful not to break restore dinosaurs toxic chemicals and make them vanish. But anything. Soon my desk was- piled with A common error' is to mammallike thigh fortunately, that task can often be handled sheets of paper bearing various bones with complex, bulging, fact birds and dinosaurs by simple incineration. The job for the flash- drawn to the same scale. These gradually muscles, when in been, the simpler, broader outer thigh muscles blaster will be, as it has always grew into a skeleton. share cleaning of surfaces. In this case, the unit ' straight from the pelvis to the knee. First came the vertebral column and rib running the incinera- frc-GLen? nrsiake is to give the will be used io decontaminate cage. The neck turns out to be longer and An even more predatory dinosaurs and many of the her- tors themselves, the ancillary machinery in- more slender than it appears in most illustra- most important, the ' dinosaurs a:\-or shapeless, lizard- volved, and perhaps tions, the neck is carried in a gracetul S bivorous muscles. Instead, these protective clothing worn by humans who curve, with the tiny skull flexed sharply upon like shank. and foot The U.S. Army has Bakker's dinosaurs had a powerful, chickenlike handle the chemicals. it. back is strongly arched, and The preliminary of calf muscles that narrowed to already contracted Asmus to do work shows that the tail is carried well clear drumstick flashblaster. foot-operating tendons. testing on detoxification by of the ground— indeed, it forms a graceful laboratory, the most consistent error is to give the In his secluded San Diego upward arch and is very short.The shoulder But the metal that and stegosaurs overly fat, physicist examines four scraps of girdle and hips are attached, and they de- giant brontosaurs virulent chemical limbs to support their weight. Art- have been dotted with a fine a remarkably short trunk. massive they think of elephant and then exposed to varying numbers of Most restorations of stegosaurus show the ists do this because "shot" strong; but in fact they flash blasts. The last piece, which was forelimbs sprawling outward like a lizard's, limbs as stout and with the xenon lamp, shows no are not. Go to-the zoo and note that the ele- seven times This is wrong. The shoulder joint faces back- of toxic chemical. Asmus looks up phant's thigh is relatively narrower and much trace the ward and a little inward, not at all outward. why I'm an less powerful than that of a horse. The ele- from his work; "If you ask me as it does in the lizard. The detailed design of specialization," he says, is hardly muscled at all. eclectic in an age of the limb bones and joints shows that steg- phant's shin in "the answer is fear. I'm afraid of being chan- osaurus had elephantlike vertical columns With skeletal and muscle restoration narrow. But if you ask - sketch or a painting neled into something 1 follow with for limbs, good for walking and fast ambling hand. may a I'm doing this particular work"—he it appeared in life.. I must me why but not for running. Stegosaurus stenops is of the dinosaur as product that I'm after. looks down again at the inauspicious-look- usually portrayed as a rather long and low confess that it's the end say therefore, hours making and ing metal scraps— "I guess I'd have to animal, with a heavy, droopy tail dragging I do hot, spend what I'm - sketch or sketching di- that there's a part of me that does on the ground. On the other hand, amounted posing models for a just because I'm a patriot." boring I doing poses. It's : and composite specimen of another species of nosaurs in various

need to do it, because 1 have three- stegosaurus, S. ungulatus, shows a tall, don't NEW PRODUCT;-- most dinosaurs rat- erect-gaited, short-bodied, and short-tailed dimensional images of For those who would rather not lug around I do spend time animal. My restoration of the complete S. tling around in my head. book. Seiko has designed imaging dinosaurs, which is a bit like watch- an appointment stenops shows that it too is tall of limb and wear on your documentary on African wildlife. This an information system you can very short in body and tail, a point of scien- ing a of programming an entire is important for developing' a feel for how wrist. It is capable tific importance and very different from the elec- dinosaurs as real living crea- month's schedule at one time. This restorations in most books. various looked can be programmed any- resolve an- tures, with sunlight falling on their backs and tronic notebook I was not, however, able to where by placing the watch into a pocket- long-standing dispute. Most restora- dust kicking up from their feet. other watch has a background first, leaving the size keyboard system. The I paint tions of stegosaurus show two rows of alter- the ghos: images lo be painted in 2,000-character random-access memory nating, upright, triangular plates running dinosaurs as that serves as a terrible technique that would and a liquid-crystal display along the backtx.no ending, in pairs of spikes last. This is a and the controller. artist who taught me to paint, but monitor for the keyboard near the tip of the tail. This may be correct. appall the the dinosaur's skin The controller can be left at the office and I I decide-on But the plates may be paired rather than al- like it. Often, (Available from minute. Scientifically, it used to print out the memory. ternating. The evidence is ambiguous, colors at the last color they are, so Seiko retailers for $340.) The tyrannosaurs and their smaller rela- doesn't matter much what

it looks plausible and works in the tives, the "ostrich-mimic" ornithomimids. long as question most asked Japanese children are being introduced have been of particular interest to me, A few painting. Ironically, the color the dinosaur was. to high tech at an increasingly tender age. years ago. a theory was proposed to explain is how I knew what The Do-Re-Mi "cradle" has a voice-acti- how animals scaled their body design as Please do not ask. restore the skeleton vated, automatic, rocking-and-sound sys- they became larger. Called elastic similarity, One of my aims is to than a cradle, dinosaur that has reasonably com- tem. Actually more of a chair this elegant theory predicts that big animals, of every into high gear this is around 120 species. the Do-Re-Mi's electronics go like big planes, ships, and trucks, can be plete remains— restorations of at the first wail of a baby's cry, automatically In addition, I hope to do life fast if they are built properly. Bakker has tired of dinosaurs. rocking back and forth and playing soothing suggested that some of the big dinosaurs all of them. I'll never grow nature, but like Friedrich Von Huene, who, cassettes. It may not beat mother were built for speed, and the ornithomimids I hope to be mothers a few moments century into the late Six- it does give natural and tyrannosaurids are important in this re- from the turn of the dinosaurs. That's a ol rest. The company recommends that the gard because they were very uniform and ties, published books on only for infants older than thing paleontology: You can keep Do-Re-Mi be used birdlike in limb design, regardless of their nice about hours at a after -you turned into some- three months and only for several size. Tyrannosaurus rex itself was the six-ton on working have yourselt.DO time. (Priced at $280, the "cradle" is avail- equivalent of ah ostrich. To test the theory of thing of a fossil able from Daito Trading Company, Kyobashi elastic similarity, I have measured the limbs Sogo Building 5-21 Kyobashi, 2-chome, of ornithomimids and tyrannosaurs in mu- Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104, Japan. )OQ seums in America and Europe. My conclu- 170- OMNI Panasonic presents a V/2 color TV. And three other minor miracles.

You're looking at four small TVs with some very gem of a color picture. \ big extras. Extras that pop up. Wake you up. Fill screen sizr you up with fantastic stereo sound. And keep The t you up with the latest personal TV technology batteries, tacn one comes

. recharged hundreds of tir

Nobody is bigger in small TVs than Panasonic. Take this really portable, portable color TV. Featuring a moi Panasonic just slightly ahead of our time. [ he opening of a new, high frontier will challenge

the best that is in us. The new lands waiting to be built in space will give us new free- dom to search for better gov- ernments, social systems, and ways of life so that by our efforts during the decades ahead our children may thereby find a world richer in opportunity. "Thank God, that must be the done ranger. COMING IN THE NOVEMBER

ARMITAGE'S ANATOMY

illustrator 1 tissues. A masterful medical

iage meticulously records his rim sanctum. His renderings provic ~ sion of three-dimensionality. The result is th; Armitage's vibrant paintings make the spectato, body. feel as if he has actually entered the human

Can we transfer our intelligence, our psyche, — SOFT SOFTWARE very soul, onto a floppy disk, generating pro- grams that think and respond much as we do 3lves? The answer is yes, according to a generation of "knowledge engineers"

\.JJM read this month's Omni.

him as the author of OF DUNE Almost everybody knows FATHER Dune, but there is another writer. At his private refu northwest part ol the cour

Herbert has built his own «»« i ™

ing a word-processing system so sii,.,— .

it. In Omni's profile. Herbert

icrats, and argues for putting governr "1 ; in the hands of

though proudly iconoclastic, is determined to give the world the best of his imagination. Also in the

November Omni: scenes from the : new film based on Dune. After several 1 tempts at bringing the magical story to cinematic film Her- life, director David Lynch has created a bert sees as true to his story. "I can breathe easy," ..nm^^mi he says. "They have caught the essence of it."

Asimov, Marta Randall, Noi *-*•••, 3arry Malzberg, Jim Aiken, and politics for our No- i the theme of travaganza, Poli-Sci-Fi. Their *•••• ninations of technology's ,.„„,, eal musings on

itselt. In addition, Ben B<

tale about the influence of technology -. ' i-justice system. And in "Flying Saucer id Roll," Howard Waldrop provides a nos- talgic glimpse at America's recent musical past. '

PHEruoruiEruA

With its electric red, neon \... cent blue, this microprocessc ible the Amerii

talfy sym

Smaller than one quarter c

chip is a section of an echo c ' device that eliminates signals, insatellite-communiLauuii wen missions. Photographer Phillip Harringti

who wanted an inside took ; of chips that are making the

i fiberoptics to give Old I

e, and an illumination s

' 'optical prisms to (

i an Olympus PM 10 AD photomi-

EJwwjB|f|pl " —

The game of Life

By Scot Morris

with four, five, six, seven, or eight on neigh- She looked at him suspiciously, "You bors, it dies of "overpopulation." mean this has been done before?" "This is a once-popular game invented rules. That's it. There are no other by a mathematician, John Conway, back in Life was invented by University of 1970. He called it 'Life.' I have often whiled Cambridge mathematician John Horton away dull hours working out atypical Conway, and he settled on these three rules configurations. because they produced a maximum "I haven't seen you." amount of unpredictability and surprise He patted her hand. "In my head, my from one generation to the next. dear. " To track the generations by hand, you —OX, Piers Anthony can use graph paper, as shown here, or a large checkerboard array, like a go or Anlhony's science-fiction novel is set in the Rente board. With either method, it is very distant future, but in chapter nine its easy to make mistakes; so it is important characters revive a game called Life. (By to double-check each square before coincidence, in chapter 11 they explore proceeding to the next generation. an amusing paper fold, the hexaflexagon, It is simple to show that any arrangement as a way of mapping their alternate worlds. LITTLE RULES THREE of one or two on cells leads to a blackout See "Hexplay," our feature on hexaflexa- generation. Three on cells are in the usual sense, but in the second gons, starting on page 88.) Life is not a game limit- needed for survival. Try three in a row, as similar revival is now a mathematical solitaire played on a Something of a facing square checkerboardlike grid. Every shown in the fop grid (time 0) on the happening in real life. Life, was invented and less, two states page. The middle cell has two live neigh- popularized before the advent of the home square on the grid has either of 1. two" positions of a bors; so it stays on, by rule The computer, when the only people interested .on or off. Once the initial center cell as a squares are set up, the game plays end cells have, only the in the .game were computer hackers or few rule 3. But the of on cells at one neighbor; so each dies, by employees of large companies who had itself. The arrangement arrangement two empty cells above and beloWthe mainframe computers at night. (A moment exactly determines the access to on neighbors and that, in turn, center cell each have three 1974 article in Time noted that "millions at the next moment, at an edge); so determines the arrangement after that. (two at the corners and one of dollars in illicit computer time . . . may the they both turn on in the next generation, have already been wasted by the game's What is remarkable about Life is that result, row of three squares of it derives by rule 2. As a a growing number of addicts.") whole addicting complexity which determine at time becomes a column of three Because the game of Life predates the from just three simple rules, of three squares at time 1 , then a row home computer, many people who consider whether a given cell is on or off in the squares at time 2, and so on, oscillating themselves experts on the subject of next "generation." Each cell on the grid is configuration surrounded by eight neighbors- back and forth forever in a computer games have never heard of it, or said to be more at its called a blinker. have only a vague recolleciion of four at its edges and four they family of phase, you count the This is the simplest of an infinite Life as that game the hackers used to play corners. At each and forth of neighbors that are on, then follow oscillators that switch back late at night. number between one state and another. Next month, William Morrow and these rules to determine whether the cell next generation: Other shapes stay the same. Consider Company will publish William Poundstone's is on or off in the three adjacent on cells arranged at three The Recursive Universe: Cosmic Complex- corners of a four-cell square. Each on cell 1.2 = same. If a cell has exactly two on ity and the Limits of Scientific Knowledge, on in the next generation (by it maintains its status quo into remains a major work about Life and its use as neighbors, and the fourth cell in the square next generation: If the cell is on, it stays rule 1); a model of cosmological theory. (It is . the on, too, because of rule 2. This block it it stays off. comes Poundstone's second book—we adapted a -on; if is off, " is stable, and each generation repeats 2. 3 = life. If the number of on neighbors quiz from his first. Big Secrets, in the the arrangement of the last. Once a block January 1984 Games column.) This book is exactly three, the cell is on in the nexf of four cells is formed, it stays where it If cell was already on, it and the new .availability ot Life programs generation. the is forever, unless other Life forms interact "survives"; if it off, it counts as a "birth.' for home computers (details will be given was In Conway's term, it is a still life. = death. If there are any other with it. later in this column) may breathe new 3. Other starts with four neigh- of on neighbors, the cell dies in When the setup life into Life. Soon people will be able to number zero or boring on cells not in a square, the resulting "waste time" with the game without going the next generation. With one interesting, the cell dies of "isolation"; patterns become more into the office. on neighbors, 188 OMNI the . one called the T tetromino any low-resolution computer screen with its The most startling new development is (tetromino is an invented word, formed by varied offspring. It throws off five more Conway's proof of the existence of analogy with p domino). If foursquares gliders—the last at about generation 700, that reproduce themselves in much the are arranged into a T shape, as shown at Conway himself didn't know for some same way that real organisms do. In the left (time 0), the pattern expands, becoming time how the pattern would resolve itself or second volume of his recent book Winning a symmetric square at time 4, then a larger whether it would keep growing forever. It Ways (Academic Press, 1982), coauthored square with diagonal sides. The evolution has now been established that the with Elwyn Berlekamp and Richard Guy, stabilizes at time 9, with four blinkers spaced r-pentomino finally settles down only at Conway concludes: "There are Life patterns far enough apart so as not to interfere generation 1103! At that time its stable debris that behave like self-replicating with each other, and they continue to oscil- just fits in a 51 by 109 rectangle, and animals. . . . It's probable, given a large late back and forth in a pattern called includes eight blocks, four blinkers, and a enough Life space, initially in a random state, traffic lights. variety of other stable shapes with such that after a long time, intelligent, self-repli- Among all the - possible five-cell starting names as beehive, loaf, boat, and ship. And cating animals will emerge and populate arrangements, there is one— referred to faraway, off the screen and heading some parts of the space." as the r-pentomino (below)— that has a toward infinity, are the six receding gliders. Incredible as it may seem, this simple most remarkable life history. You may enjoy Somehow all those blocks, blinkers, game can give birth to graphing self-reproducing its first few generations on paper, gliders, and other objects are latent in the "organisms" that satisfy every definition of but soon you will find that the configuration original r-pentomino and the three simple life. They would be "literally alive," Pound- grows too large to be contained. It was rules, but who could have foreseen it? It is stone writes, "by virtue of encoding the unexpected and growth of the r-pentomino precisely this high degree of unpredictabil- manipulating information about their own that led early Life players to abandon ity, within strictly predetermined bounds, makeup. The simplest self-reproducing Life graph paper and program the rules into a that led Conway to settle on his three patterns would be alive in a sense that a computer, where the squares of the grid chosen rules. He named the game Life virus is not." are reduced to pixels on a video screen. At it because seems to model the way Life shows around how the future can be generation 70 an unusual five- complex life forms multiply and evolve from completely deterministic yet wholly unpre- cell shape, called the glider (below) is both simple beginnings and a few rules dictable And it is "forward deterministic": formed, and it has the surprising ability to of natural selection. Each state may have many possible pasts move across the screen. It cycles through but only one future. The raises four stages, LIFE GOES ON game philo- at the end of which time it sophical questions has about the nature of the resumed its original shape but has When Conway introduced the game, he universe and the limits of what we can know. moved one cell diagonally. The glider guessed that all starting patterns would oriented in the as illustration below will move stabilize eventually and not grow forever, but We can give only a sketchy introduction to the southeast at the rate of one quarter he suggested two ways in which unlimited to-Life in this column. For further reading, cell per generation. growth could occur: the glider gun, which see Poundstone's book and The r-pentomino Martin continues to come up would oscillate and send off an unending Gardner's Wheels, Life, and Other with new Mathe- Life forms and ultimately fills stream of gliders every cycle; and the matical Amusements (W. H. Freeman). puffer train.'which would move across the Poundstone offers instructions for screen and leave stable debris— programming Life with Basic on an IBM "smoke"—behind. it happens, As Conway PC. Programs are commercially available was wrong and right—unlimited growth for some machines now, and others will fa possible, and it occurs in just the ways he be soon. For further information on how you conjectured. The first glider gun was can get Life programs and other informa- discovered at the Massachusetts Institute tion about the game, including back issues of Technology in late 1970— it emits a of the definitive newsletter Lifeline (edited " - nr- new glider every 30 generations, then by lil 1 Robert T Wainwright, who has generously repeats the cycle.endlessly. And first Jr -• H. the assisted us in preparing this article), send a puffer train chugged to life at the "F ~..i same stamped, self-addressed envelope to: institution a tew months later. Life, Omni Games, 1965 Broadway, New In real biological populations, it is possible York, NY t^rnmwp itvWdrf 10023-5965. Include the make and | for even the rate of growth to grow. In the model of your home computer, and we'll game of Life, there is a pattern called do our best to help you find the easiest way "fie burner oscillates forever, the r-pentomino the breeder, which mimics this phenomenon to waste time at home with this grand- explodes, and the glider flies away. and expands at an ever-increasing rate. daddy of computer games.OQ o .

'"* has wri'.len i'-vs os Suspend vein- cilsoeileT and imagine the a cure becsi : u. : 1 ;h ; > H pace m u-a ii. ow ic 'i i .,! rg .....!" '! ... ; . ird , in hmo doctor. whiis working in a nospiisl, discovers toi d] Gets into a dispute witn ine Russians, J-:a= he has Ine powe- to cure anyone ! want the doctor to cure their leaders, under the age of seventy simpiy by oi.;ching who nuclear war. *ny contact rioweve' Kris', too. This leads to a 6. The scientists insist on studying his will euro "he disease. ' 'Civ: gift to Ihe exclusion of etling him use it. Ever He has ak oeeu . im.' . ur

:.-. 1 1: i . . : . in and wants to use his tjift to eenehT humarv

:' ..i >'. until is killed.. : . i eve: he . i. n : doc;. lakt ihat the gifus nontransferable, will last to? 7. The confine him, and rule his his lifetime only, and will not oerslst in who drug him, ... :',''! ;.! :!. life A high executive the gift'? O'cductivity and threatens to replace vVhai wili nappsn >; he uses his in change. What shc-uic he by lo dc. and how should psvehiathsf orings about universal health, and ho go about doing ;i? 8. He the population exeodes. What is the most favorabe result that heailli is achieved, but can.be expected.?- 9 LUivvcisar when he dies, medicine has been s member ni :he scien- neglected, Immunities are gone, and plague tific rather than ihe literary cukce. and wipes us- out.. ,:.:'. my idea o- ihe cone;:: answers to these ail of ine above catastrophes I beHeve questions reiroets this. 3e!orc 1 give my '' into ' order io mislead "he sun heovelded'and-me.gifi. made responses:, i shah m great benefit Th;= solution requires : : .i' t.0 I I OS a sense: and technology choose from: morality common ; LAST gift is Unite. The doctor will u, Clearly lee 1. Once the doctor uses ne r and his patients will race other doctors become |oaiouc and ot vn eventually die will anyway when s patients disease :again. as they ; LAJDRD is reason not serene/. Bu? fins no outside, they get him tor quackery god-put they roach • 1 the 1 1 bene ' • mum ./;By- John McCarthy him imaihso he cant practice. But in log The doctor can cureeverybody -orison, he cooes people The prison doctor meantime: in fhe world whose disease or mi-ury can mA young doctor nuts him in solitary confinement. Even ihe diagnosed in lime. . riiereuie cures a guarc iof cancer! and be discovers that he has the. Aporeximately 60 million people under ware'ems little daughter This soaronses of seventy—about two Dooote power to cure the fears of the msecu-'o. narrow- minded, ihe aoe " per second die each year "id cure as many of brutalized, and bom-iaucratced o'ison anyone under the age build a machine , .i as possible, we could . , . /have ii nt to a hospital past aim at toe ^ale . 'will happen move peope 'seventy. What ', for the criminaily'-nsane to be cured of i.hB' womd o" ten or Y?. iDeooo oer second on each :\ftliey$e$;hisgi'ft?$ "ins delusion. There, they lobetorn/e him. ' belts A spec:ai mer.Tia- : is moving conveyer saebegicus. \ 2. His g "i. juage-c to stop momentarily ; : are touches the aroused bv preachers; and our hero is 3r

.,. ., iui cure. Simple enough a , burned at trie stake. with this system, the : arithmetic Lei Is us that 3 H,s g:!t s lugged noly by 3 reilc'on sixtieth of f need spend only one mat gets centre' him. bul its use is decto- people. -24 minutes— curing . surrounded by so much rituai thai hardly his day— oooole tmo the above soiulion anyone gets cured. Some

repulsive because It involves a teg machine 4. He tor belts ihat wobc orobaWy-be people. Ht : with moving : noisy. Other peopio ought think that a. oo s :c- .: is corrupted by desire qi money; surety being violated-- power, tame, and women, and requires -;~A> of nature Is more and 'more flattery 3rd obsequiousness. nahtety. a k innovation involving technology -Eventually he strives seyie-rnindediy for vvofthwhile a! oust hav ha mtui 1 Ic s feces ' jv r,asies. ; ;s the , leas ['equal country, and is assassinated thai benefit: Maybe what they don't like is this 5. he is taken by Ihe U..S. gove-rrc-ent. technological o-oticn to whalhas -which-elther: is a of conoeivec as a moral problem. a) Keeps him to- cure members' the been for l.ho doctor It not be very difficult ruiinu military -industrial complex. would this solution adopted, given a b) "Devises a system d review bos 'tis to 'io get degree of persuasiveness ai!6bate ihe use oi ins ability if the fairest- reasoriabe eiLiteronhispah or possible way. Bu; trie system's operation is ria^e already been cured, truslraiod byjMjuncr.ona and demonstra- carients who would be skeptical, but- this kind of tions by paranoid groups (your cioice bociors Them oo- miracle would convince almost all c" as to vvhelhcr the groups are left, right, Pc-lTicians woue; bo shortsighted' and center; tiiai cannot oc .convinced that bumbiinc.' but the roqukemonts his services are uoiog ahooafeb fairly. bureaucrats ireau- ' of this case are so simple that oven they could handle it-Od oracy that bangles oidaonslv but amusmgiy -or example, a dying man

completes the appropriate government . VcCihihy

; Aitilicis! ime'ltgence Lahorah forms in ihe nick of .time but s denied k