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THE INFLUENCE of SPORTS MAGAZINES and THIN-IDEAL IMAGES on the BODY IMAGE of DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES Ashley Kristin Gibson University of Southern Mississippi

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THE INFLUENCE of SPORTS MAGAZINES and THIN-IDEAL IMAGES on the BODY IMAGE of DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES Ashley Kristin Gibson University of Southern Mississippi The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Summer 8-2007 THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS MAGAZINES AND THIN-IDEAL IMAGES ON THE BODY IMAGE OF DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES Ashley Kristin Gibson University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Other Kinesiology Commons Recommended Citation Gibson, Ashley Kristin, "THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS MAGAZINES AND THIN-IDEAL IMAGES ON THE BODY IMAGE OF DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES" (2007). Dissertations. 1277. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1277 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS MAGAZINES AND THIN-IDEAL IMAGES ON THE BODY IMAGE OF DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES by Ashley Kristin Gibson A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: August 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. COPYRIGHT BY ASHLEY KRISTIN GIBSON 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The University of Southern Mississippi THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS MAGAZINES AND THIN-IDEAL IMAGES ON THE BODY IMAGE OF DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES by Ashley Kristin Gibson Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS MAGAZINES AND THIN-IDEAL IMAGES ON THE BODY IMAGE OF DIVISION IA FEMALE ATHLETES by Ashley Kristin Gibson August 2007 The purpose of this study was to examine the impact that sports magazines and thin-ideal images have on the body image, as identified by appearance, weight, and attribution, of female collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine what role race plays in the development of body image dissatisfaction as a result of viewing sports magazines and thin-ideal images. Collegiate athletes (N=87) were surveyed using the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults developed by Mendelson, B., Mendelson, M., and White (2001). African-Americans scored higher on all 3 sub-scales, which was indicative of an overall more favorable account of body-esteem than other racial groups. Of the three racial groups, the White/Euro-American athletes scored the lowest on all 3 sub-scales, indicating an overall lower account of body-esteem than other racial groups. Descriptive statistics were performed regarding the frequency of exposure to different genres of magazines. The genre that received the highest percentage for all racial groups of always engaging in reading was fashion magazines (20.7%). For all racial groups the genre that received the highest percentage (59.8%) of never engaging in reading was sport-specific magazines. An independent-samples /-test was conducted to assess the differences between the means of racial groups with regard to thin-ideal magazine exposure. With regard to general magazine reading, the test was significant, /(79) = -2.441,/? = .017. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. White female athletes (M = 13.71, SD = 3.61) have higher exposure to magazines than non-White female athletes (M = 11.59, SD = 3.08). With regard to fashion and entertainment magazine reading, there was a significant difference, 1(79) = -3.222, p = .002. White female athletes have higher exposure to fashion and entertainment magazines (M = 7.19, SD = 2.07) than non-White female athletes (M = 5.54, SD = 1.94). Twenty female athletes who completed a survey instrument were selected to participate in individual interviews pertaining to (a) body image, (b) the importance of having a healthy body image, (c) body image and athletic performance, and (d) athletes portrayal in the media. The primary data source for analysis in the qualitative component of the study was individual interviews. Each interview was digitally recorded and professionally transcribed. Data transformation occurred via (a) displaying findings, (b) identifying patterned regularities in the data, (c) comparing cases with one another, and (d) critiquing the research process. A graphical depiction was used to display themes. In identifying themes in this study, interview transcripts were read and coded. Coding, in turn, was used to collapse the interview transcripts into five major themes and fourteen sub-themes. The major themes that emerged during analysis were: (a) Feel Pressure, (b) Still Fighting for Respect, (c) Portrayed as Gods, (d) Must Have Healthy Body, and (e) It’s All We See. The coalescence of the major themes and sub-themes provided insight in the extent that perceptions in body image were influenced by viewing sports media in selected Division I female athletes attending a major university in the southeastern United States. m Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dedicated to the memory of my uncle Edward Lewis McNeil (1945-2002) IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are so many people in which to thank for helping me reach this milestone in life. First and foremost, I must thank my outstanding dissertation committee for their help and guidance throughout this project. While there were a few obstacles to overcome in this process, and I must admit that there were times in which I felt frustrated, they were always there to provide support and encouragement. All of my committee members played a significant role in helping me reach this point. To Dr. Nancy Speed, my committee chair, thank you for your constant support, not only through this project, but throughout my entire doctoral career. You have truly been an exceptional mentor to me. To Dr. Dennis Phillips for being and exceptional mentor as well; from the very beginning you have always been there to cheer me on. I will always remember how kind you were to me when I was applying for doctoral programs. To Dr. Gary Krebs for always being so genuine and being there anytime I needed your help. To Dr. J.T. Johnson for your guidance with statistics and always helping me put things into perspective; you have supported me more than you know. To Dr. Wendy Bounds for always being so kind and encouraging; thank you especially for sharing your expertise with body image and helping me with my illustrations. And last but certainly not least, to Dr. Brent Wolfe, you have helped me tremendously and have been a constant source of support and encouragement throughout this process; thank you for sharing your expertise with qualitative research and for always taking the time to help me. To Coaches McNutt, Lee-McNelis, Williams, Gallup, Macklin, Rowley, and Luyties, and their staff for being so supportive and accommodating by taking time out of their practices so the athletes could participate in this study. And certainly, I must thank v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. the athletes themselves, for without them, I would not have a study. I want to especially thank the athletes that participated in the interviews - you all were great! I would like to extend a special thanks to Travis Brewington, the very talented graphics designer who is responsible for the outstanding figures and illustrations in this study. More importantly, thank you Travis for always being such a great friend to me; you are one of the best people I know. To my HPR family, you will always be a part of me. Thanks especially to the lifelong friends I have made through my journey at Southern Miss. To Trey Cunningham, you are such a sincere person; thank you for always cheering me on and bringing a smile to my face. To Shane Nippe, you are one of the most genuine people I know; thank you for your constant friendship and always being there when I needed encouragement. To Maya Glover, thank you for always keeping me grounded. To Stacey Hall, my Irish buddy, thank you for just being you and always making me laugh. To Laura Furko Miller and Chrissy Martin - thank you for being two of the best friends anyone could ever have. Laura, you are my rock, and Chrissy, you are my sunshine. To my great roommates Shannon and Melissa! Thank you for allowing me to completely destroy the apartment while I hung endless rolls of butcher paper on the walls and left empty coffee cups lying around while working on my dissertation. Thanks also for being there to encourage me when I felt frustrated. And Shannon, thank you for being such a wonderful friend to me for the past two years. To my family, you are wonderful! Thanks especially to my big sister, Tracey, for always encouraging me - and yes, the time is near when you don’t have to hear me talk about my dissertation! Daddy, thank you for making sure my car and computer were vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. always in working order; thank you especially for always being there to encourage me. To the best grandmother in the world, my “Vee” - 1 don’t know what I would do without you! And to my precious nephews Joshua and Jacob - 1 love you more than words can say; may you always have happy times ahead of you.
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