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Prepared by the Independent Evaluation Office of the GEF GEF/E/C.58/Inf.02/Rev.01 October 28, 2020 58th GEF Council Meeting June 2-3, 2020 Virtual Meeting STRATEGIC COUNTRY CLUSTER EVALUATION: SAHEL AND SUDAN-GUINEA SAVANNA BIOMES VOLUME I – MAIN REPORT (Prepared by the Independent Evaluation Office of the GEF) VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations.............................................................................................................................v Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... vi 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Evaluation Background, Purpose, Objectives, Scope, and Methods ......................................... 1 1.2 The Sahel and Sudan-Guinea Savanna Biomes ..................................................................... 4 1.3 International Environmental Conventions........................................................................... 7 2. GEF’s Engagement in the two Biomes ...................................................................................10 2.1 Portfolio .......................................................................................................................10 Funding ...............................................................................................................................10 Modality..............................................................................................................................11 Agencies..............................................................................................................................13 Focal Areas ..........................................................................................................................16 2.2 Relevance to National Environmental Challenges................................................................18 3. Results and Sustainability....................................................................................................22 3.1 Performance .................................................................................................................22 3.2 Outcomes and Sustainability............................................................................................25 3.3 Factors influencing Outcome Sustainability ........................................................................29 3.4 Influence of Environment and Development on Sustainability ..............................................35 3.5 Cross-cutting Issues ........................................................................................................37 Gender................................................................................................................................37 Resilience ............................................................................................................................40 Fragility ...............................................................................................................................43 Private Sector.......................................................................................................................44 4. Conclusions and Lessons .....................................................................................................46 4.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................46 4.1 Lessons.........................................................................................................................50 References...............................................................................................................................52 Annex 1: List of Projects Reviewed ..............................................................................................55 Annex 2: List of Country Case Studies and Projects Visited ..............................................................97 Annex 3: Sustainability Factors Observed in Country Case Studies....................................................98 Annex 4: Classification of Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations in the Biomes .............................. 100 ii TABLES Table 1: Countries’ Ratification of International Environmental Agreements ......................................... 8 Table 2: GEF support by geographic scope and support modality ........................................................11 Table 3: GEF interventions by support modality ...............................................................................12 Table 4: Programmatic and nonprogrammatic support by GEF replenishment period ............................12 Table 5: Project status by GEF phase ..............................................................................................13 Table 6: Share of GEF projects and grant amount by GEF Agency ........................................................14 Table 7: National projects addressing the main environmental challenges in the biomes........................20 Table 8: Intervention typologies in the two biomes...........................................................................21 Table 9: Outcome and sustainability ratings by focal area ..................................................................23 Table 10: Postcompletion sustainability ratings for field-verified projects in country studies...................28 Table 11: Factors hindering sustainability observed in country case studies..........................................31 MAPS AND FIGURES Map 1: Sub-Saharan Africa biomes .................................................................................................. 5 Map 2: Countries in the two biomes ................................................................................................ 5 Figure 1: Main environmental challenges for the 23 countries covered................................................. 7 Figure 2: Focal area grants invested in the two biomes by GEF replenishment period ............................10 Figure 3: Share of the GEF grant by GEF Agency from the pilot phase to date in the biomes ...................14 Figure 4: GEF funding in Agency portfolios by focal area ....................................................................15 Figure 5: Projects by focal area ......................................................................................................16 Figure 6: GEF funding by focal area.................................................................................................16 Figure 7: GEF funding by focal area and GEF replenishment period in the two biomes ...........................16 Figure 8: Multifocal support by funding component..........................................................................17 Figure 9: GEF interventions and global environmental benefits in the biomes.......................................18 Figure 10: APR rating comparisons .................................................................................................22 Figure 11: APR ratings in the ‘Satisfactory/Likely’ range for national versus regional projects..................24 Figure 12: Evidence of broader adoption having taken place during project implementation ..................27 Figure 13: Likelihood of broader adoption taking place postcompletion...............................................27 Figure 14: APR 2019 Sustainability dimensions in the biomes .............................................................29 Figure 15: Satellite images, Bafing River source—2012, 2018 .............................................................32 Figure 16: Time series of vegetation productivity and rainfall in the project period—Bafing River source..32 Figure 17: Gender consideration by GEF Replenishment period ..........................................................37 Figure 18: Gender consideration at entry by GEF replenishment period ...............................................38 Figure 19: Gender consideration at entry in the biomes ....................................................................38 Figure 20: Gender consideration at completion in the biomes ............................................................39 BOXES Box 1: Mechanisms of broader adoption .........................................................................................26 Box 2: Examples of positive influence of environment/development synergies on sustainability .............36 Box 3: The Mounafanyi Women Group—Mamou, Guinea..................................................................40 iii Box 4: Climate resilience in the GEF ................................................................................................40 Box 5: Types of resilience system thinking .......................................................................................41 VOLUME II: TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS (Volume II with the evaluation Technical Documents is provided separately) TD1 – Approach Paper TD2 – Selection of Case Study Countries TD3 – Guidance Note for Country Case Studies TD4 – Guinea Case Study TD5 – Uganda Case Study TD6 – Nigeria Case Study TD7 – Mali Case Study TD8 – Mauritania Case Study TD9 – Project Review Protocol iv ABBREVIATIONS AfDB African Development Bank ALS Alternative Livelihood System APR Annual Performance Report CEO Chief Executive Officer FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility IEO Independent
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