American Fl.Fisher Mixed Bag

In this issue of thcs Anzrricnn Fly chcs of knowledge. The history of fly- this issue of the Amrrican Flv Fi.sl1c.r. we invite you to enjoy the litcrature of 1'c.r- I FI.S/I(,Y,rattler than c.oncentratc fishing is not just a c:~talogt~tlcollection on a single topic as in our pre- of old piscatorial regalia; more corrrctly, lyn Klinkrnborg, thc art tlcbsc-ribetl by vious two nu1n1)ers.wc' return to :I it transccnds thrw inanimate things. lo Allan Hassall, Rohert Kohrman's check- , potl~o~n-riof offerings. You will fully comprehend and apl~reciatt,its list of pseudonyms, ChigSpolek's trcat- note that articles covering a broad tlc~vrlopmcntant1 context, one must merit of l)owrc~andaction, ant1 a pocm I)y rangc of topics ;ire included: understand a much hroatler picture, onc Henry Van Dyke. We remind our readers, B'litcr;rturc, art, history-even mathemat- that encompasses literature, history, art, too, that we always apprcciatc, comments ics. Obviously, anything that we publish and more. Surc, it's important to inclucle antl suggestions-and that ourc-ontinuctl relates to thc history of fly-fishing, but we articles on reels, rods, and flies, ant1 MI? success tlrl)rnds upon thc c.ontril)utions pausc momentarily to point out that this will c-ontinuc to do so. It isour intention, of I-eatlers antl supl~orters! relatively small area of c.onc.crn is inti- however, when doing this to always I)? mately intertwined with all othcr bran- ~nintlfulof a mtrcli larger framework. In SUMMER^ 1987 Volume 13 Number 4

TR1lSI'1F.S I;O\ICIli,~~t) \V II,IIIL~~IIhlc.llll. hl.1). On th~CO~IPI: l'~t1113{)11t~xa,t 13,)l) hli~~l~~~ll I.<,~ri*XI. li0111t~11 111 i:;ttI .\. N.I\.IIIV 11. Illu.ttration by A llan Ha.tsall ,\~\o!II{I~MA\ \Vm r~,,h'r~~cll~~s K,,IM.II K. lit11 LIII;I\IC.I I.C~ISILII l'<,!h~t~\ I);LII(:;ilI:axll:at~ I<,>I~Il'v~h~n\ KO, I).(:II;~>SII 11. .\1;111 1'1111,1,\ Talking about Maclean ...... 2 (:IllL\I~~>IwI (:ttok S:~~lt;utltc.lI' Kva.cl (:Ix~~lnK. F.icli<,l 41.t11 K~)\c.ttl,.o~rt~ Verlyn Klinken borg C.. h I.it~l:n lir~tl!Kt~w~ll \V. h11~I~:~~~lb-il,x<,~:~Icl 1\:111 \c 1~1t~11.h1.1) .\1111111 1'. 1:11.\ 1'.1111 4~111111~~1~ Where the Action Is ...... 7 C.;n#ln(.l 1.. (;1:1111 I.:~IItl Ii,~hh;ahn I'c.I<,I\V. SltoIt I \',!!I NW I;UI1). hl~k,t> 111,L\OII I,.\Vl~ilt~,,\ l~

1'1, f, lJrl~.\l~/~~ffl IY. A'liI I( (:li:~rIc,\ I<.Is:i( 111.1 Museum News ...... 28 Talking about Maclean

A River Runs Through It, a collrctzon of short storzrs by Norman Maclran, was publzshrd by thr Unz71rrszty of Chzrag-o Prrss zn Aprzl1976. It zs the most popular work off~ctzonpublzshrd by thzs prrcs. Tu~rnty-fourthous- a71d copzrc of tlrr clothbound tradr rdl- t~on11a71r brrn told to datr (nozo, an a71rragrof 1,000 copzrs arr sold annually); 115,500 copzrs of thr paperback rdltlon hnz~rhrrn cold (nozo, about 18,000arr sold annuallv); and g~ftand drluvr edztlonc account for npprouzmatrly anothrr10,000 7101umrs sold In thort, nrarly 150,000 copzr~harw brrn purchasrd-not bad for thr fzrpt lztrrary rffort ofa rrtzred CInz71c.r- szty of Chzcago profrs~orof Enqlzslz who was srr~rnty-fouryears old at the t~mrof publzmtzon. Thrrr storzes nrr co11rrt~d; the longrtt, and clrarly thr brct, zs thr fzrst, "A R17wr Runs Through It". M'r

Books of The Times A RIVER RCINS THROUGH IT. September 23, 1983 BY Norman Maclean. Photographs by Joel Snyder. by C hrzstop her Lehmann-Haupt 124 pages. Illustrated. Chicago. $25.

Norman Maclean was a professor of English at the IJniversity of Chicago until his retirement in 197.3. Then he took up writing, and at the age of 70 brought the rrniversitv's press a book of threc stories-a book "with trees in it," hc explained, hence its rejection hy a nilmber of commercial outfits- which Chicago published in 1976 ...... under the title "A River RunsThrough It and Other Stories." Despitr the trees (or because of them), the book did very well for the press, selling about 20,000 copies in its 1l:ird-cover version, and 50,000 more in its paperback edition, which came out in 1980. That means at least a mil- lion literate people (or however many there are in the LTnitedStates) have not yc~read even the title story. They may (lo so now in a special gift edition of "A River Runs Through It" that the publisher has just put out. A gift edition of a novella, or what is really no more than a long short story? With a foreword by the lIniversity of Chicago Press's senior editor that is Norman hlaclmn by Verlyn Klinkenborg illustrated by Allan Hassall

stretch no point in calling this a very fine rze.s. The other stories almost instantly pulsion or the luck to be caught in events example of fi.shing literature, and rue fell away, leaving us with "A River Runs that could actually be called a plot. This, entreat you to peruse this exceptional Through It." Maclean is not a great one infers from subsequent events, is a volume at next chance you get. We have author, for his output is small and very damn good thing. done two things: we've included a rmiew uneven, but he has written a great story, When Maclean says "I did not know of Maclean's book from the New York one that after more than a decade will be that stories of life are often more like Times (this will give you an idea a.5 to considered a classic of American litera- rivers than books," he is telling his tale background and plot of thestory), and we ture. "A River Runs Through It" so far and talking about it simultaneously. have also included Verlyn Klinkenborg's surpasses the rest of Maclean's work that Maclean does this naturally, for it suits e.c.say "Talking A bout Maclean." The lat- it must have surprised him the way it the openness of his temperament and the ter is insightful and precisely written, and surprises any reader who thinks he is fact that the narrator is an old man look- it tells us what Maclean's story is really all reading a fishing tale. ing back on his youth. Hemingway, to about. Verlyn has expertly probed the "A River RunsThrough It" is thestory take a famous example, conducts his bus- depths of Maclean and his.rtory, affording of a man, whose life is likeariver, talking iness differently. In "Big Two-Hearted us understanding that might have other- about his brother, whose life was like a River," the storyteller never stands back wise gone undi.scovered. book. "At the time," the narrator says from telling his tale to talk about it; he is while sitting on the bank of the Black- so all-knowing as to be invisible. It is as if foot, meditating, "I did not know that Hemingway assumes that readers have Ten years ago, the University of Chi- stories of life are often more like rivers larcenous natures and should not be cago Press first published Norman than books." He means that few lives trusted with a storyteller's ego, or as if Maclean's collertion of stories called A have plots. Most of us slide along like "Big Two-Hearted River" were told by River Runs Through It and Other Sto- foam on a river, lacking either the com- the private voice of a man who habitually

just a touch self-congratulatory? With things that lie underneath-and see cal pronouncements about writing, it photographs illustrating what is pro- past them to the depths where doomed is in the specifics that art begins. foundly a work of literary imagina- mankind is transcending itself through Instead, what he finally has to say tion? Yes, I too had my doubts, espe- art. and where the art of thestorv itself about the specifics of art andof theBig cially about Joel Snyder's photos of is being conceived and shaped.' Blackfoot River is in the glorious final Montana's Big Blackfoot River, the But why the photographs? In an paragraphs of his story, which I can't story's setting, which tend to be either essay, "On the Edge of Swirls," writ- resist quoting, though you should full of spray and patterns of light or ten for the new edition, Mr. Maclean keep in mind that they come after the the sort of panoramic scenes you find pauses only for a moment to reflect on fury of the story is spent, andwhile the in fishing magazines, but have little another meaningof thestory-that "if marvelous details are still ringing in obvious connection with the earthy you should ask me where is the best the reader's mind, and there are tears comedy or the classical tragedy of the place to live your life, I would make in our eyes: story. the same answer, 'On the edge of "Of course. now I am too old to be But let me take a crack at defending swirls'"-and plunges into a detailed much of a fisherman, and now of the edition. and fairly literal reflection on fish and course I usually fish the big waters The story-superficially about the fishermen and rivers. This brings him alone, although some friends think I self-destruction of the narrator's broth- to the photographs, which he invokes shouldn't. Like many fly fishermen in er, Paul, a great fly fisherman who to explain how a good trout river western Montana where the summer drinks, gambles and fights too much "works." And this leads naturally days are almost Arctic in length, I -bears rereading under any circum- enough to the note at the end of the often do not start fishinguntil thecool stances. You have to keep considering book by Joel M. Snyder-the author's of the evening. Then in the Arctic it, if only to see past the wonderful son-in-law, who teaches art and de- half-light of the canyon, all existence distractions on its surface-the dry sign at the University of Chicago- fades to a being with my soul and ironic wit of the narrator, Paul's older about the raft trip he took down the memories and the sounds of the Big brother; the unforgettable character of Big Blackfoot in order to get the Blackfoot River and a four-count their father, a Presbyterian minister of photographs. rhythm and the hope that a fish will Scottish descent, who believed that at Thus we keep coming-"by a com- rise. at least a part of man's redemption modius vicus of recirculation," if Pro- "Eventually, all things merge into might be found in mastering the four- fessor Maclean will forgive me for the one, and a river runs through it. The count rhythm of properly casting a reference-back to the Big Blackfoot river was cut by theworld's great flood dry fly, and the irresistible fishing River that runs through the story and and runs over rocks from the basement scenes. the author's life, back to the most spe- of time. On some of the rocks are time- As with the fast-flowing parts of a cific detail of his story. And, as I'm less raindrops. Under the rocks are the stream, you have to keep staring at the sure he would say if he weren't too words, and some of the words are surface of Norman Maclean's story down-to-earth and discriminating theirs. before you can make out the deeper with language to make broad theoreti- "I am haunted by waters." § refers to himself in the third person. once," he laments with an old-timer's what a sucker was." But mainly he is an The narrator of "A River RunsThrough pity for the young(and for himself). "We outcast because he did not learn to fish It" is a more liberal storyteller. He is an regarded [the Big Blackfoot] as a family under the tutelage of his brother-in-law's explanatory man. He doesn't merely river, as a part of us," he says. The reader father, a Presbyterian minister. (Nor, by deliver events and images and leave them is excluded by the misfortune of birth: the way, did the reader.) At the center of for us to decipher; he also helps account "the world outside ... was full of bas- "A River Runs Through It" lies a law for the way those images work. This is a tards, the number increasing rapidly the that is primary and universal, whose narrator we learn to trust, one whose farther one gets from Missoula, Mon- Word is the Greek New Testament. That intelligence carries us a good way into the tana." is the point of Maclean's opening sen- story, yet who recognizes that he is pro- Now, there is not an angler in the tence: "In our family, there was no clear foundly ignorant of his brother. He sees world who will read "A River Runs line between religion and fly fishing." enough angles to admit the possibility of Through It" and think, By god, Maclean This does not mean we were religious more angles than he sees. Because the is right; I am a bastard! The reader sides about our fly fishing so much as it means narrator believes that lives are mostly like with the narrator instinctivelv because that religion and fly-fishing reveal the rivers, he does not place too much most anglers share his sense of a time- same universal law: that all good things emphasis on plot; Paul's murder is an deep, personal hold on a stretch of river. "come by grace and grace comes by art anticlimax, after all. And because the (The only other thing for which we have and art does not come easy." Maclean narrator believes in explanation, he gives such a private feeling is our childhood, solemnizes the point: "if you have never us a second plot, the one through which and it, too, is exclusive.) It is a measure of picked up a fly rod before, you will soon Neal stumbles bare-assed and sunburned, the narrator's charity, his liberal nature, find it factually and theologically true to illuminate the first. that he lets us pretend to be Montanans that man by nature is a damn mess." That Initially, Neal seems to be a marginal for a while, gives us an honorary mem- is why we clamor for grace, which comes character. He is the narrator's brother-in- bership in a tight family, even lets us fish without heeding our clamor. Grace is the law, and what relation is a brother-in-law on the family river. Talking about his gift of help unsought. to one's brother? But Neal concentrates story and admitting his helplessness, The reader will notice that after the the emotional impact of "A River Runs Maclean encourages in us the belief that seventh page of "A River Runs Through Through It": he is the lightning rod, the we belong to an elite. If this were Hem- It" the boys' Presbyterian father virtually scapegoat, and the object of exclusion. ingway, we could only hope to be Neal, disappears until the final fishing scene. The reader ought to identify with him. In all of us bastards. But his work has been done. The code this story, the reader, too, risks becoming Neal is an outcast because he lives in Neal departs from is in place-a four- a scapegoat, for "A River Runs Through California, fishes with worms, hides count rhythm, which a man who sun- It" is about exclusion. To grasp the truth behind women, and asks "What's a burns his ass with a whore by his side has of that, all one has to do is listen to the sucker? . . . and so became the first native queered like a shoat on a dance floor. But narrator. "What a beautiful world it was of Montana ever to sit on a rock and ask Neal is not the only sinner in this story, not even the major one. He is just the for the narrator, Paul is the inexplicable This is a conscious irony on the narra- sinner whose sins are unacceptable other with whom he shares brotherhood. tor's part, a willingness to diminish him- because they must be pitied. Neal under- "It is," as Maclean writes, "those we live self before a superior artist whose artistry stands none of theMaclean family code(a with and love and should know who would not survive without his own. That local branch of divine law), and he vio- elude us." Like us, Paul is man's mess in irony was built into their relationship lates it, but Paul understands the code the flesh, and we always have trouble from the beginning. "We had to be very completely, and he violates it too. accounting for the unruly flesh of others. careful in dealing with eachother. I often Because they are brothers, the narrator thought of him as a boy, but I never could forgives-without asking-Paul's wil- treat him that way. He was never 'my kid "A River Runs Through It" is remark- ling excursions from righteousness while brother.' He was a master of an art. He able for what the author does not do to he is unable to forgiveNeal's, who hardly did not want any big brother advice (or Paul-he does not psychologize him by knows better. Brotherhood explains part money or help), and in the end, I could entering his head and explainingwhat he of this promptness to forgive, but not all not help him." finds there. Any reader wants to know of it. The rest comes from the latitude As any fly fisherman knows, Paul mas- why Paul-a well-raised boy-prefers a given to genius. It is an open assumption tered an art that in a funny way disavows bet on the side to fishing without a bet in literary criticism, dating from the its ends. Fly-fishing is a wholly simple and why his whole life has a bet on the ancients, that a genius may bend the rules and entirely elaborate art, but its artists side that he ultimately loses. It does not that bind lesser men. What is trueestheti- frequently claim to care nothing for seem quite accountable from the Presby- cally appears to be true ethically too, as catching fish. The narrator reflects that terian perspective, except through the any history of poets' lives will bear out. disavowal of purpose when, in the clichgd assumption that preachers' kids Poets kick up bigger, but finer messes moment of supreme anticlimax, he says, tend to wildness. (Paul's story provides than the rest of us. "This was the last fish we were to seePaul unexpected assurance that grace and luck That Paul is an artist the narrator catch. My father and I talked about this are entirely unacquainted, for his luck affims again and again; so often, in fact, moment several times later, and whatever runs out while his grace and art never do.) that we must finally come to the conclu- our other feelings, wealways felt it fitting But we do not see Paul's angle on his life sion that Paul's art-fly-fishing-is that, when we saw him catch his last fish, story; we see the narrator's instead. And greater than the narrator's art-writing. we never saw the fish but only theartistry of the fisherman." Like most of the char- locker-room trysts-from his father's looms so large in "A River RunsThrough acters in this story, the reader spendsalot code. His manner of telling them is reso- It." How do you help and what exactly of time watching Paul fish, and the one lutely ambiguous; they are, after all, Con- are you helping? the narrator repeatedly thing he learns is that the trout on the end tinental Divide stories, which in one asks. The final word on the subject of Paul's line exist only to confirm his direction cascade toward an appeal for belongs to the man who reads the Greek artistry. help and in another pool-up in self- New Testament: "'That should have Though Paul is a master with a fly rod, reliance. The point here is that Maclean been my text,' my father said. 'We are he is also, like his brother, a writer-a has constructed his own story, "A River willing to help, Lord, but what if any- reporter "on a Montana paperv-and a Runs Through It," in such a way that thing is needed?"' storyteller. Paul's stories, told as he and these delicate ambiguities do not get "A River Runs Through It" is a great his brother cross the Continental Divide trampled underfoot. He resists-ironi- work of irony, for its narrator has chosen and called by the narrator "his Continen- cally-the temptation to step in and settle to subordinate himself to a superior artist tal Divide stories," resemble the ambi- things for the reader; he explains, but and a younger brother. He has chosen to guity of fly-fishing itself. Are they meant what he explains most is his own uncer- emphasize his confusion and alert us to to be literature and exist for themselves- tainty. He is an old man telling this tale, the confusion amidst universal law that like the fly fisherman who enjoys cast- but he has preserved the confusion of a we feel as well. In its irony, "A River ing-or are they intended to produce young man who is unsure whether or not Runs Through It" resembles another tale action (in the form of help)-like the he has heard a cry for help. about a genius fisherman, Moby Dick. fisherman who is happy only when fish Paul is a leading character but not a Ishmael, the narrator, practically swoons are biting? The two stories we hear con- hero, because artists are not heroes and at the demonic artistry of Ahab, and yet, cern a jack rabbit who lures Paul-in his neither are younger brothers to their ironically, Ahab exists only through the car-off the road, and a woman who's stolid elders. If the narrator had been the self-abashed art of Ishmael. The same is "kind of funny. The only place she'll let younger brother, this could well have true of "A River Runs Through It." The you screw her is in the boys' locker room been a story about heroes. But it is the fate narrator defers to his brother's finer artis- in the high school gymnasium." To both of younger brothers to make their older try, and yet his own lesser art has tri- stories the narrator has the same reaction: brothers feel stodgy and responsible, a umphed. It is always Ishmael who "Maybe he was telling me something I perspective from which heroism looks survives. § wouldn't like but would dislike less if I strangely like truancy. Instead of making heard it first as literature. . . or.. . maybe his brother a hero, the narrator has he was just my brother and a repo;ter chosen to portray him as a superior artist, Verlyn K linkenborg is assistant profes- passing on news items to me that were too a greater genius. sor of English at Fordham University, personal or poetical to be published." But genius always extracts its price: where he teaches eighteenth-century supreme control in one part of life for In all his stories, Paul "was the leading literature. He contributed to the Ameri- chaos is another. There is an ancient character but not the hero." His tales take can Fly Fisher on a previous occasion this turn because he realizes that there is ambiguity here, too. If sickness makes (see the American Fly Fisher, vol. 12, you clairvoyant, should you wish to be nothing especially heroic in the petty no. 3, p. 19). way he departs-bets on the side and well? That is why the question of help Where the Action Is by Graig Spolek

About thirty-five years ago, your goods clerk, at last we had one! More than tial equations to mechanical systems and editor purchased his first fly rod. three decadesfand a few rods) later, we're some novel computer modeling tech- It was a nine-foot, three-piece still not sure what the term action really niques, a rather straightforward method model of Tonkin cane, manufac- means when it is used to describe aphysi- has been developed to quantify the tured by Horrocks-Ibbotson, re- cal or mechanical property of a fly rod. mechanical behavior of a fly rod. But plete with beautiful red wind- Furthermore, I'm sure that there are we'll let Spolek tell you all about it in a ings. Profits from a newspaper many anglers out there who are in the two-part series on this topic, which fol- route supplied the capital for the pur- same boat. Action has been, andstill is, a lows. Part I defines terms and describes chase, and after the sum of five dollars vey nebulous descriptor. Like the weath- the method he developed for accurately and ninety-five cents had changed hands, er, anglers talk about it, but nobody has quantifying a fly rod's casting character- the clerk aduised that yes, the rodsure was euer done anything about it-that is, istics. In Part II. with his rat in^0 scheme a beauty and that it had great action. We offered us a precise definition of the term firmly in place, he quantitatively com- had read about action in the sporting or developed a scheme whereby one can pares the mechanical characteristics of periodicals of the day, but weweren't sure accurately quantify thephysicallme- nineteenth-centuy fly rods with those of what the term really meant. From a pe- chanical properties of a fly rod. Enter the twentieth century. Professor Spolek's rusal of these erudite journals, however, Graig Spolek, associate professor of work in this area is of landmark stature. it was certainly clear that it was impor- mechanical engineering at Portland He has broken new ground in a garden tant to have a rod possessinggood action. State University. Thanks to Spolek's whose soil has lain fallow for years. Our Now, according to our local sporting expertise in the application of differen- hat is off to him.

Schematic of the set-up employed by Graig Spolek for computer digitization of the deflection of a rod under a given load (F). This is the first step in the computer modeling process. Powrr and Action equations. It is the intent of this paper to stretches. The bent rod demonstrates the The words conjure up images of sleek, explain to fly casters how stiffnr.~~and beauty of a smooth curve, enhancing the streamlined racing-machines noisily frrqurncy can be used aprzor? to predict a beauty of the rod itself. The shape of that careening around corners at breakneck rod's casting performance. Although curve, the curve of the deflected rod, has speed. Powrr and action. These and sim- these terms do not evoke as sensational become one of the signatures of a rod's ilar words have been routinely used for imagery as POZLICTand actlon, they are, as design. We have all heard comparisons of years by anglers and angling writers to we shall see, much more useful. parabolic actions and tip actions, pcr- describe the mechanical behavior of fly haps not recognizing that the rod curva- rods.' But what do these terms really S t ijjn r.ss ture was being described. More precisely, mean? For example, action has been used We intuitively think of thestiffness of a the stiffness of the rod is being defined. to describe both the static curve of a rod spring as some measure of how hard we Or, even more precisely, it defines the deflected under a load (e.g., bent when need to pull on the ends of the spring to variation of the stiffness from the butt to playing a fish) and the dynamics of a produce a certain amount of deflection. the tip, the "stiffness profile" as identi- rod's casting speed (i.e., fast or slow The fly rod acts in the same way as a fied by Don Phillip~.~So when authors action). Furthermore, I'm sure we've all spring when it resists the line pull due to use action as a rod characteristic, they hefted a high-quality cane or %graphite the flight of a fish (or when our line gets mean the same thingasstiffnrssprofilr, a rod, wiggled it back and forth, and snagged in a tree): thegrrater thepull, the more technical term that shows up as the remarked to our spouse, fishing friend, or ,greater the deflection of the tip. Thestiff- rod curvature during a static load. anyone within earshot, what wonderful ness of either the fly rod or spring is just The other major difference between action so-and-so rod has-and boy, what the pull or force required to produce a spring stiffness ancl fly rod stiffness is that terrific power! Both terms are imprecise givrn deflection. The deflection of a rod while the stiffness of a spring remains when used in describing the mechanics of is necessary to absorb the shock put on a constant, no matter how much deflection a fly rod. They have absolutely no cluan- leader by a lunging fish, and the rod has occurred, the stiffness of a fly rod does titative basis and are generally used in a absorbs that ener

l,tFl t

PULL 11t F1911

Rod drflrclion rxrmplzfird. Thr anglrr ZT Trd Jonrr, a frzrnd of thr nut hor.

8 ible beams, especially for those that have lished in scientific literature).3 The large This means that a rod with half the tip deflections more than 25 percent of deflections predicted by thesemathemati- diameter of another will beone-sixteenth their length! Of course all fishing rods cal equations were accurate when com- as stiff. fall into this category, so the equations pared to those measured for actual rods. Once we identify the importance of really shouldn't be used. Why? Simply Hence, the mathematical model of a rod diameter on stiffness, we logically con- because these equations indicate the was used with confidence to test the effect clude that the rod taper will also signifi- springlike behavior of rods with a con- of varying design features of rods. Each cantly impact on the stiffness. That, stant stiffness, but the stiffness of actual design feature was changed indepen- indeed, is the case. For uniform tapers, rods increases dramatically as they are dently of all others, and the effect of that where the rate of diameter decrease from bent more and more. change on the rod's stiffness was deter- the butt to the tip is constant, we can In order to test the significance of this mined. The results of these computer- quantify the taper as the ratio of the tip effect, a laboratory test was carried out to generated rod designs were interesting diameter to the butt diameter. As this accurately measure a rod's deflection and and not alwavs obvious. ratio increases, the stiffness increases. For its curvature. A rod was clamped horizon- One of the marketing features of any example, if the taper ratio is increased tally by its butt and a weight was hung rod is its length. Length has a profound from one-tenth to two-tenths with the from the tip. The rod's curvature was effect on rod stiffness. As one would same butt diameter, then the stiffness scanned automatically by a computer expect, shorter rods arestiffer than longer increases by a factor of two to one. The that then calculated the stiffness, which rods. Specifically, the stiffness varies exact amount of this stiffness increase is was defined as the weight of the load inversely with the length squared. So a valid only for the example cited, but one divided by the vertical tip deflection. rod that is half as long as another will be can get an idea of the importance of this When light loads were suspended from four times as stiff. design factor. It must also be recognized the rod tip, the measured rod stiffness was Another rod feature that is very impor- that the stiffness effects will differ for reasonably close to that predicted by the tant to rod designers, but often ignored by compound tapers. aforementioned simple equations. How- the rod buyer, is the diameter of the rod. The final factor affecting rod stiffness ever, the rod's stiffness was found to Since all rods are tapered, we must be is the inherent stiffness of the material increase by a factor of seven or eight when more specific about where we measure that composes the rod. In our experience, the rod was heavilv loaded. The simnle the rod's diameter. For purposes of com- we have come to expect differences in butt equations introduce significant error. parison, let's separate diameter effects diameter and taper for rods of about the The laboratory test was performed to from taper effects. For instance, consider same length and stiffness when they are demonstrate the inaccuracy introduced the butt diameter to be a convenient mea- constructed of bamboo, fiberglass, or by the constant stiffness equations and to sure of the typical rod diameter. Therod's graphite. The manufacturers vary those test the capacity of a new set of equations stiffness varies dramatically with changes design features to achieve the desired per- that were derived specifically to predict in the diameter, even more dramatically formance, part of which is the stiffness. the deflection and curvature of a heavily than length effects. Again, from deduc- They do so to compensate for the mate- loaded rod. The new equations are some- tion, we expect that the rod with a smaller rial stiffness, which is its modulus of elas- what complex, and a computer must be diameter will be less stiff. Whatwemight ticity and is often referred to simply as the used to solve them (the details of the not expect is that the stiffness varies with modulus. For example, since the modu- equations and their solutions are pub- the diameter raised to the fourth power. lus of graphite is much larger than that of

Rod 71ibration exemplified. The author is fly-fishing on a stream in Scotland. 1. Geometry - Tapered Cantilever Beam <

L = Length

F = Force

fi = Tip Deflection

F 2. Simple Linear Equations

E = Modulus of Elasticity (constant)

I = Moment of Inertia at distance x

3. Nonlinear Equations

L 6 = jo $ds

4. Results NONLINEAR

CURVE

F EQUATIONS

Some definitions and the differential equations that describe both the linear d and nonlinear models (see text) fiberglass, the diameter of the ,graphite loaded by both the weight of the line and but some design changes affect one more rod is reduced proportionately to pro- the weight of the rod we are trying to than the other. As a result, one cannot duce the same stiffness for the two rods. accelerate. When the forward casting predict the frequency from the stiffness or The stiffness of rods varies linearly with stroke is halted, the rod continues to vice versa. It would be possible, by prop- the modulus, soarodwith amat'rial that move forward, its speed increasing until erly adjusting the design variables, to has twice the modulus of another will be it straightens out. When it is straight, produce two rods with exactly the same just twice as stiff. both the rod and the line being cast have stiffness having different frequencies. We can now summarize that a given their maximum speed. Since line speed Conversely, two rods with the same fre- rod's stiffness will deprmd on its length, controls the cast, this point of maximum quency could display different deflection butt diameter, taper, and material. Spe- speed is very important in predicting under the same load. cifically, the stiffness of a rod depends on casting performance. Thus, we conclude that two separate the variables discussed according to the The line speed during casting depends quantities, stiffness and frrqurncy, must relationsl~ip:~ on the natural frequency of the rod, all be known for a given rod, to anticipate (Modulus) (Diarnetr~)~ other factors being equal. A rod with a how it will perform in the field. These higher natural frequency will deliver two properties embody the concepts used greater line speed than one with a lower by previous writers when describing fly We can now also conclude that a rod's natural frequency. This has been known rod actions but have the advantage in that stiffness will not remain constant but to fly casters for a long time, for they both have precise meanings. They can be will increase significantly as it bends developed descriptions of fly rod natural measured or predicted for each and every more and more. Thus, when we try to frequency: A fast action means high nat- rod. If values for stiffness and frequency anticipate how a rod will bend when ural frequency, a slow action mean low were specified for available rods, soon we turning a heavy fish. we are able to com- natural frequency. We can begin to would feel as comfortable in using them pare two different rot1 designs. understand how these terms cause confu- as we are now in comparing rods for #5 or sion though. Action was used by Janes #7 lines, or contrasting slow, medium, or Frequency and Engerbretson to indicate rod stiff- fast actions. Themain difference in using We must do more than reel in lunker nrss; Engerbretson uses feel to describe stiffne.r.s andfrrqurncy as fly rod descrip- trout; we must also makc pinpoint casts frequency. Garrison and Carmichael use tors, in place of power and action, is that with delicate flies to cnticc them. Fly- war~elinear action for frequency.' we would all beusingcommon language. casting is a dynamic activity, fighting a Frequency is a much more useful term In order to demonstrate, rather than fish is a more-or-less static activity. A for describing a fly rod's casting charac- speculate on, the importance of the terms rod's dynamic behavior is characterized teristics, because it can be quantified. It stiffne.rs and frequrn,cy, these quantities 1)y its frequency, or the speed at which it can be measured experimentally or it can were measured for a wide variety of his- naturally vibrates. bc predicted by mathematical equations. toric and contemporary fly rods. In the All mechanical devices vibrate; the We have done both and discovered that second article of this series, the results of speed at which they vibrate is called the the mathematical prediction was quite those tests will be discussed. Specifically, natural frequency. When the mechanical accurate. Once convinced of the validity the evolution of fly rod designs, in terms device is pushed back and forth at a fre- of the mathematical equations, we again of their respective stiffnesses and frequen- quency near its natural frequency, the tested the various design features to deter- cies, will be analyzed. The reasons for the device resonates and shakes wildly. For mine their relative effects on frequency. shift to modern rod materials will then example, when we drive the old car with Rather than presenting those specific become clear. Furthermore, the under- worn-out shocks over a washboard road findings below, the results will be gener- standing and use of the terms stiffne.rs at just the wrong speed, the car starts alized. and frequency to describe fly rod perfor- bouncing around like tra7y. If we go a A rod's frequency depends on two fac- mance will be employed as the basis for little faster or a little slower, there's no tors: its stiffness and its weight (morecor- an objective rating scheme for fly rod per- problem. In between we strike the reso- rectly, the amount of mass and its distri- formance. 5 nance of the car's suspension with the bution). The frequency of a rod increases frequency of the bumps in thewashhoard as its stiffness increases. So those factors roaii. discussed previously (length, diameter, Grazg Spolek zr an astoczate proferror Fly rods, being mechanical devices, taper, and material) that increase the stiff- of mechanzcal enq7nrerzng at Portland also vibrate with a natural frequency. ness will increase the frequency, if they Statr Cinzr~rrrztyzn Portland, Oreqon. Actually, a fly rod can vibrate at v'ry have no effect on the rod weight. Ob- He rrte~r~rdhzs Ph.D. from Warh~ng- viously, they all do affect theweight.The many natural frequencies, or harmonics, ton State C1nzzrersily and both h~rM.S. but we only need to concern ourselves amount of material and its distribution and B.S. from thr Ilnz~~errztyof with the lowest natural frequency be- in the rod are determined by rod length, Washzn~ton.Hzr rrrrarch znterertr are cause that is the one that controls the diameter, and taper. The density of the in the area of nonlinear mechanics. His so-called casting action. The casting material affects the weight. Because of spare time is spent fly-fishing on the motion seeks to strike resonance within these interactions, a rod's stiffness and myriad lakes and streams in the rod. During a forward cast, the rod is frequency are not totally independent, Washington and Oregon.

1. For rxaml~lr,Etlward Janrs usrs j~oril~r Fly Fi.thrrmnn (Junr/July 1973). and nc.fion (see apl~rndisto thr 1976 etlition of Ray Brrgman's Trottf).Davr 3. Spolrk, Graig, and Jeffries. Steve, 4. The stiffnrss also drprnds on thr rot! Engrrhl-etson uses nrtion and frrl. See "Fly- "Analysis of Large Deflections of Fishing taper, but that dependence cannot br Rod Actions." Rod Q lirrl (M;~y/June1982). Rods," ComputafionnlMrthodv and expressed in a straightforward form. The Garrison and Carmichael LISC 1on71c linrnr Exprrimrnfal Mmsurrmrnfs, Springrr- dependmrr of stiffness on taper is nrfion. See A Mn.vfrr'.s Guidr lo Building n Verlag (1982). Copies of this paper can be nonlinear. The nearly linrar dependence of Bnmhoo Flv Rod (1977): p. 236. obtained by writing to Professor Graig the examplr used in thr text of this paper Spolek in care of the Department of was purely coincidental, but the taprr values 2. Phillips. Don, "Another Dirnrnsion for Mrchanical Engineering, Portland State usrd to ralc~rlatethat dcpmdence are typical Fly Rot! Evaluation.. . Stiffnrss I'rofile," Ilnivrrsity, P.O. Box 7.51, Portland, of those for fil)erglass ;~ntlgraphitr fly rods. Tying the Edson Tiger by Philip Chute

One of the most difficult tasks old Boston sportsmen shows between four or five dollars. confronting angling hist0rian.s 1930 and 1940 and could cast a hundred When Bill caught two or three salmon who are interestrd in f1ie.s is thr feet. which was considered exce~tional and trout right off the dock at Migis determination of the correct, then, with a regular nine-foot Montague Lodge on Sebago, that put an end to the original dressing for a particular rod and reel. He worked for the Mon- smelt-only legend for salmon fishing in fly pattern. If the originator of a tague Rod Company and lived in Massa- Sebago. .succes.sful, 'battern d0e.s not accu- chusetts. J. C. had bought me a fly rod for five ratply record the dressing at the time, in The chief. a Native American Penob- dollars, a split-bamboo rod. Upuntil that all probability it is soon lo.st. A .succes.sful scot, whose name was pronounced Ne- time I had a telescoping steel rod and a fly pattern is quickly copied by other da6-ba, had a lecture show with song, black Weber Bakelite reel. I went with angler-fly tiers. Material sub.rtitutions are dance, and archery demonstrations that Bill and Chief Nedahba and a couple of ofttimes made, and before long the ori- came to the homestead and, I suppose, others one day when we fished from the ginal pattern undergoes a metamorphosis other resorts. Nedahba had come to shore at Moose Pond and Adams Pond in into something that looks entirely differ- Naples as a child with his family to sell Bridgton, Maine. I got a lot of education ent, yet carries the same name as the origi- baskets, drums, and toy bows and arrows but no fish. nal. So to sort things out, we must rely on to the summer people. The early opening of the hotel for May reco1lection.s or perhaps a drawing or n At that time, rowboats (the Rangeley fishing was short lived. It was too cold to photograph of the fly's dressing that is in double-ended was the most popular) turn on the water, with our exposed pip- question. And so it goes. Herein we offer were used by local guides. The guides ing. When fishing parties did show up, a .some recollections by Maine native sewed a smelt on a good-sized snell hook. long, lean Sebago painter my father had Philip Chute, relating to the Edson The smelt, about three and a half to four working for him would drop his overalls Tiger, a .streamer fly. According to Phil, inches long, were dipped in the Songo and become a guide. At least twice I was Tiger came before eithrr the Light or River or other streams and kept in live pressed into service to row a "sport" on Dark Tiger. It is interesting to note that boxes in spring-fed holes or streams. The Sabago Lake and Brandy Pond. Joe Bates, in his Streamer Fly Tying and smelt would rotate slowly when trolled. In the photograph, Bill wears a Brown's Fishing (1950), makes no mention of the The only other baits in common use(this beach jacket, a nice warm coat advertised Tiger. A11 his references are to the Light from UncleGeorge) were the Archer min- in early magazines. Chief Nedahba wears and Dark models. now, which my brother describes in his his famous knitted tam, full of fishing poem, "TheSalmon," and a bucktail fly, flies. Bill Edson left the MontagueCom- In the early 1930s, my father, J. C. just a bare hook with white or colored pany and moved to Portland. For years he (James Cleveland Chute), decided to bucktail. worked in the fishing tackle department open his resort, the Chute Homestead, on Bill Edson used only his tiger fly for all of Edward's and Walker's. He kept his Long Lake in Naples, Maine, early fish, and he used the first knotless leader I fly-casting form by fishing for mackerel enough to attract spring fishermen. In ever heard of. He called it "chemical along the shores of Casco Bay. 3 April, Evacuation Day was a Massachu- horsehair." Bill set up a stand in the back setts holiday and a big opening weekend door of the barn and taught me to tie the Edson Tiger. The light and dark models at Sebago Lake in Maine. My father Philip Chute was born in Naples, brought Bill Edson and Chief Roland came later. I remember the fly having a Maine. Although he was trained at the brown natural bucktail wing, a yellow Nelson for some publicity pictures and University of Maine as a wildlife several days of fishing. Bill Elliot came to chenille body striped with silver, a wood- manager, he spent his career managing duck tail, a small, red throat feather, and take publicity pictures for the State of the Chute family hotel in Naples. Maine. of course, a real jungle-cock eye on each Retired now, when not fishing he side. I think these jungle-cock feathers Bill Edson styled himself as world enjoys carving decoys. champion fly caster. He appeared at the then cost five cents a piece, a whole neck, Bill Edson (left) and Chief Roland Nelson, better known as Chief Nedah ba, (right) pose with the day's catch at the Chute Homestead in Naples, Maine, circa 1932. According to Joe Bates (Streamer Fly Tying and Fishing), Nedahba was responsible for originating the Biplane, streamer

James Cln~elandChute, Philip Chute's father, fly casting from the dock of the

A brace and a half of landlocked

Jim Chute tries to photograph the photographer while guests at the Homestead concentrate on more important matters, circa 1932. "A View on Montmorenci River near General Haldimands Country House," a watercolor painted by James Peachey in 1782. The Montmorency is just north of Quebec City and flows south into the St. Lawrence from the North Shore. Courtesy of Public Archives of Canada

i

Chaudiere Falls near Quebec, Lower Canada, a watercolor painted by British Canada's Thomas Dauies in 1792. The Chaudiere River flows north and into the St. Lawrence River approximately ten miles downstream from Quebec City. Courtesy of Public Archives of Canada ' if/)//)///('/// .) //'( .~,/,f///,~~~ ,,/, d,h,?~/,7/// ,, . I ,>,,,4/kk/,,/,,/ , ,, /A,. h(,///,,y'//,, A$/,,7, /'./,(,/T( ,,,./ ,,, /;,,,,r,ht, /,L,~,J,,, ,,,r,, 4, L, ,> ,, F .*, ,,,,,,A,,/ ,,, /A, /x, ,, ;

A watercolor/pen and ink oz~erpencil by James Peachey titled "Encampment of the Loyali.st's at Johnston, a New Settlement, on the Banks of the River St. Laurence in Canada, taken June 6th 1784." Angling is in ez~idenceboth from .shore and boat. Fly-fishing was employed for the capture of bass in the St. Lawrence at the time (see the American Fly Fisher, z1o1. 11, no. 2, pp. 2-6). Courtesy of Public Archives of Canada On Early Canadian Painting

gltouhof fly-fishing documented in North instancesAmerica fly-fishing, we feel .sure that fly-fishing styles of art, and I began to develop a was a routinely practiced .sport in North genuine appreciation for these extraordi- prior to 1800 are rare, fly-fishing Am~ricaduring the eighteenth century. nary artists. But what about Canadian was certainly practiced or1 a regu- We a.rked Allan Hassall to examine art, specifically early Canadian art? lar basis on thi.r .side of the Atlan- .some of these early Canadian paintings When one looks at early Canadian tic during the eighteenth century. from an artist'.^ point of zliew and also to painting, one has to admit it was not the - - We know of three specific refer- tell us a bit about early Canadian art. He most exciting time in Canadian art. It ence.s and refer our readers to the Ameri- graciously agreed. centered around religion. That is, it was can Fly Fisher (2101. 7, rao. 3, pp. 14-15 and painted in provincial baroque or Man- ~101.11, no. 2, pp. 2-6)for details. Much of As a young Canadian and an art stu- nerist style and depicted various religious thi.7 early pi.scatoria1 actiz~itywasc~ntered dent at the University of Guelph (many themes. Please don't misunderstand me, I in British Canada and was practiced by more years ago than I care to remember), I have no argument with religious art. But British army officers 70 ho.se fi.shing was thoroughly introduced to the history at that time, studying pictures of patron excur.sions took them to the streams of of Canadian art. In all honesty, I would saints, saints, martyrdoms, and nuns, eastern Canada as well a.s to thoxe of the rather have spent that timedoingmy own painted over and over again, seemed northeastern United States. A number of drawing and painting. Of course, I now never ending and gave me very little artis- these officers were well trained as topo- more fully recognize the importance of tic inspiration. After a while, my interest graphers, but they not only mapped the art history-in tracing artistic develop- waned. areas to which they traveled, they al.so ments from past to present; we gain With the signing of the Treaty of Paris, rendered picturesque waterco1or.s of the insight not only into the various mechan- in 1763, what is referred to as the New Canadian landscape. Many of these ical techniques that were developed, but France school of art made way for the .scenes depict what appear to be sport- also into the reasons artists created their newer British North American painting. anglers. Unfortunately, because of the varied styles in an effort to share their Many young British army officers moved lack of detail, one is not able to determine "visions" with us. to Quebec, Halifax, and York (Toronto), the precise mode of angling. While we I spent hours and hours looking at a number of whom were well-trained cannot say whether a particularsubject is works of the masters. The Impressionists, fly-fishing, we can say that angling was the Group of Seven1, Winslow Homer, certainly a popular activity in Canada at and Andrew Wyeth all provided an 1. A group of predominantly Canadian that time. Given the popularity of an- incentive for me to work harder to artists whose work was characterired by the gling as evidenced by these early Cana- develop and fine-tune my own tech- use of extraordinarily brilliant colors. They dian scenes, coupled with the aforemen- niques. As I did, I began to comprehend flourished during the late nineteenth and tioned references to eighteenth century the reasoning behind these different early twentieth century. topographers. Some painted, and the show anglers in the landscapes. Davies, pect he could have told us some real majority of their work seemed to me, an officer in the Royal Artillery, rose to fishing stories. A relatively large number then, to be merely picturesque. It lacked a the rank of lieutenant-general. His of Davies's paintings were discovered in a personal identity with the Canadian tenure of more than fifty years in military British private library in 1953; thediscov- landscane. It recorded visual informa- service was served in many parts of the ery served to renew interest in Davies as tion, but emotional content was com- British Empire. Painting at every possi- well as all early Canadian art. pletely lacking. The British aristocracy, ble moment, Daviesspent time in Quebec An interesting feature of these early however, grew quite fond of these little in 1759 and Halifax in the 1770s; he even paintings is that hundreds of watercolors paintings, and for a short time Canadian campaigned in the American Revolution depict anglers. Anglers are shown fishing picturesque art was very popular in around Boston and New York. along rivers, lakes, and streams as well as Europe. His tiny watercolor (14 inches x 20% from boats. A close examination of these For the most part, art of the New inches) of the Chaudiere Falls, near paintings makes it difficult to decide France school was painted with oils, as Quebec, Lower Canada, done in 1792 (see whether any of these anglers are fly- these works were painted indoors in a illustration), is a gem. Davies had a very fishing. Not one of these early paintings studio or similar setting. The later (Brit- strong sense of good composition and shows the classic loop behind the angler, ish) landscapes were almost all painted in design. Within this framework, his atten- and many rods were painted without a watercolor-not just by chance. The tion to detail can be seen in every square reel. In many of these paintings extreme- medium of watercolor was, indeed, first inch of the painting. From themist at the ly long rods are depicted-too long in my introduced to North America by the Brit- base of the falls in the background, the opinion to be in proportion to the angler ish. Watercolor is very compatible with misty droplets of water form the small and surrounding environment. Some painting outdoors. The pigmrnts are but strong silhouette of the angler. The paintings also depict anglers fishing water soluble, and a large selection of dry gentle rhythms of the river's currents lead with a float, or bobber. colors can be covered in a small con- us to the three figures in the foreground. So, there we have it. Early British Can- tainer. Brushes, water containers, and Each rock, rock face, and tree is very care- adian painting ostensibly appears to be watercolor paper is all that is needed. Oil fully rendered, right down to the last leaf quite dry and unexciting, but on careful paint, on the other hand, requires many or twig. Nothing is left to our imagina- examination we can find a few artists large, single tubes, turpentine, linseed tion except to wonder what it must have whose style and aproach has been quite oil, rags, and a large mixing palette to been like to be there almost 200 years ago. influential in the development of Cana- hold the paint. And remember, most oil At first glance, we notice five figures in dian art. paintings take weeks or months to dry- this painting; actually thereareseven, six This short essay does not really do jus- some take years. I remember touching a of whom are looking at the solitary tice to early Canadian painting or some Van Gogh once (when no one was look- angler, who may very well be playing a of the higher profile artists of that time. ing) and the paint was still soft! Most of nice trout or salmon. To accomplish such a feat would require the early Canadian watercolors were Except for his approach to painting a more scholarly approach. Quite hon- quite small for practical reasons: Their skies, Davies used watercolor-essentially estly, I'd rather be painting, drawing, or small size allowed them to be safelv a transparent medium-in a very opaque illustrating-and after reading this packed away when traveling long distan- manner. Many watercolorists would sug- meager attempt, you might think that I ces. Some of these smaller paintings were gest that Davies might have been better should stick to my art and forget about taken back to England, then engravings, off using oils (a more opaque medium). writing. I do hope, however, that as a larger watercolors, or oils were made. However, Davies has managed to capture result of my effort, some appreciation of Because of its lack of emotive force, such strong, vivid colors in many of his this period in Canadian art has been early British Canadian landscape paint- paintings that we can't help but admire gained. My research for this paper came ing has never been my cup of tea. To me, his watercolor technique. from a variety of sources, but obviously the most exciting time in the history of Personally, I like to see watercolor used the best sources were the paintings them- Canadian art is the period of the Group transparently, so that the white paper selves, and what we all can see in them, if of Seven. The Group of Seven truly cap- shines through the many washes, or we only look carefully. Good painting, tured the wild spirit of Canadian lands- glazes, of colors. Davies was a very bold regardless of style, subject matter, or tech- capes, and the influence of their paint- watercolorist who showed great courage nique, gives us visual clues that excite ings can be seen in many contemporary and conviction while laying down "stain- our senses. Good art actually takes us paintings even today. ing sepias, raw umbers, and sap greens, with it, even if just for a moment. The In spite of my lack of reverence for most a confidence built by many years of prac- small watercolors of Davies, Peachey, of the early British Canadian landscapes, tice. It's unreasonable to be totally criti- and Heriot did just that, and then some. these mechanical renderings perform an cal of Davies's work, as he did so many Three cheers to this trio of early Cana- important function: They give a fairly things so well. But some of his paintings dian artists. 5 accurate picture of the landscape as it show a lack of proper proportion, espe- appeared at the time, thus ofttimes pro- cially where figures are concerned, and in vide significant historical insight. some cases the perspective is incorrect. A BIBLIOGRAPHY: Now, to be fair, I should say too that view near Point Livy, opposite Quebec, not all of these artists of the British with an Indian Encampment (done in Bell, M., Pnin1rr.c in a Nrw Land. officer-topographer school lacked crea- 1788, 13%inches by 20%inches) illustrates McCIelland 8c Stewart, 1973. tive talent. There was a minoritv of both of these criticisms. In spite of these Harper, J. Russell, Painting in Cnnndn: responsive artists whose work trans- faults, as well as the small scale Davies A History. Toronto: LTniversity of Toronto cended mere topographical observation. worked in and how much detail he caD- Press (no date). Thomas Davies (1737 to 1812). for one, tured on such a small format, these are has always been a favorite of mine. Other minor weaknesses that his later paintings Reid. Dennis. A Concisr History of artists of this period whose work showed seem to have overcome. It is recorded that Cnnndinn Pninting. Toronto: Oxford IJniversity Press, 1973. a wonderful, spontaneous approach to Davies did many of his paintings while watercolor are James Peachey and George on fishing trips. We are fortunate to have Breiger, Vic-kers, Art nnd Man, Winter Book Heriot. I was initially attracted to Davies's visual records of such trips, but unfortu- (4).Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of work because many of his watercolors nate not to have written journals. I sus- Canada, Ltd., 1964. / , I!i;>/tl /fZ,2/ i6; 4 /W/7/1 hi T/

"A View of the Fall of Chaudiere," watrrcolorlpen and ink by James Peachey, circa 1784. Obuiou.~ly,angling was an important activity here. See also Davies's rendering of thr same scene (color illustration). Courtesy of Public Archives of Canada

I

"A North East View of Crown Point upon Lake Champlain," watercolor, 1760, by Thomas Daz~ies. Crown Point is in New York state, about ninety miles north of Albany. Courtesy of Public Archiz~esof Canada . ..., .-->- - - *: - ..-.. +---- *- t - - ..

Arhley Hewztt, soon after he landed n fourteen- pound Dorado on the Parana Rzuer zn Argentznn, early zn 1965. Hezuztt zoar rzrty-nzne nt the tzme. Atlantic Salmon and the Dry Fly by Ashley C. Hewitt

Although Edward R ingwood home near the mouth of the Terra Nova into the Terra Nova by then. We arrived , Hewitt wa.r certainly not the fir.?! River and consequently knew that area on July 1, but no salmon had come into to fish for Atlantic.salmon using very well. the river yet. Their presence is easily the dry-fly method (.ref, for ex- Being a novice, I was assigned the best determined, as they almost always jump ample, the American Fly Fisher, guide-Dan. Toward the end of our trip, clear of the water as soon as they enter the vol. 11, no. 2, p. 18), he was the when we were fishing the Terra Nova, first pool in the river above tidewater. first to popularize thr method. Dan apparently felt I had learned enough Just why they do this is not known. Some BHeroitt, an engineer trained at Princeton, about wading big rivers so that he did not think the salmon jump to rid themselves uia.s, according to those who knew him, have to be close to me all the time. When- of sea lice adhering to their scales. pompout, bombastic, ouerbrarzng, bel- ever I fished the big pool below the falls' There being no salmon to fish for, we lzgerent, pig-headed, and romewhat of a gorge, Dan would make for the tops of took to fishing for the salmon parr with tyrant. On thr other rzde of the cozn, hr the ridges on both sides of the river. After trout rods and trout flies. They were eas- was znno~~atzz~e,hzghly zntellzgent, a ruc- several days of this, I could no longer ily caught on almost any wet fly ofsize I4 cersful bucznrcrman. and not a bad contain my curiosity and asked him what or smaller. During the late afternoon the fzsherman. For some z~eryinterestznq and he was looking for. parr rose avidly for flies on the surface. entertaznzng readznq, we hzghly rrcom- "Black foxes! " he answered, "One of They would take dry flies of size 16 or mend two of Heu~ztt'rautobzograplzzcal the most valuable furs in the world." smaller such as Black Gnat and Gray publzcatzonr: Those Were the Days(1943) Of course1 wanted to know why it was Hackle. We caught and returned many of and Days from Seventy-five to Nlnety so valuable, and I asked him about it. I them as we studied their feeding habits. (1957) Hewztt came from a well-to-do, was told that the pure black fox and the On July 4, Dan said he wanted toshow znflurntzal, New York Czty fanzzly Hzs somewhat less valuable variant, thesilver us something. He took us on the motor- father war at onr tzme mayor of New fox, were found wild only in Newfound- boat about two miles down the bay. Here, York, and zt wat not uncommon forthe land and Prince Edward Island. close to shore on a steep, coarse gravel lzker of Cyrus Fzeld, Aleuandrr Graham The black fox brought such high pri- bottom, he showed us hordes of capelin, Bell, or Thomar Ediron to z~~rztthe ces because of a unique characteristic: If sardinelike fish, spawning. On the fringe Hewitt household. When Hewztt fzrtt stroked with a rod or blade of ivory (or of this school were a considerable num- dzscoz~eredthat talmon could be taken on another dialectric material), it became ber of salmon feeding voraciously on the a dry fly, he was fzshznp the Indzan Rzi~rr highly charged with staticelectricity, and capelin. Suddenly the salmon near the in New Foundland, Canada, in 1914. A fine gold leaf or gold dust sprinkled on it surface ceased feeding as if a whistle had ~hortaccount of hzc dircoz~eryzs con- would adhere to it tenaciously for hours. been blown. Almost with one accord they tazned 211 the chapter on dry-fly fzthzrzg zn The contrast between the black and gold turned and headed for the mouth of the hzr book, Secrets of the Salmon (1922) was very striking. For some years this had Terra Nova, many with their dorsal fins Many years later (czrta 1960), Hewztt't been very fashionable with the ladies of out of water. Dan explained that an off- ron A thley, who accompanzrd hzr father the imperial Russian court. shore wind had blown some of the fresh on that now-famour 1914 trzp, wrote hzr Next day, when Dan returned from his water from the river along the top of the zlerszon of what had transpzred. To our scouting, he was all smiles. salt bay water. When this fresh water knowledge, Hewitt's account har not "I found them. A vixen and four cubs," touched the salmon, they simply had to been preilzoutly publithed. Wr are qrate- he said. "I'll get them next February follow it into the river to begin their ful to hzt son, Ashlry Heu~ztt Jr., for when their coats are in prime condition." spawning cycle. He said he had seen the supplyzng us ruzth thzr nzanuscrzpt. Dan wrote next March that he had same occurrence several times before. trapped four of them and received the FI-om the next day on, there was very At first glance it would seem wildly fantastic prices of $1,500, $1,350, $1,125, good salmon fishing in the Terra Nova. improbable that there was any connec- and $900, for a total of $4,875. This made After a week's good wet-fly fishing, we tion between thediscovery that theAtlan- him by far the richest man on Newfound- decided to run around the coast to the tic salmon would take a dry fly and an land's east coast. He said he was going to Indian River, which emptied into the exotic fashion at the imperial Russian build a motorboat, which would be the next bay to the west of Alexander Bay into court. There was such a connection, only privately owned one in Bonaventure which the Terra Nova drained. Dan said although somewhat tortuous and remote. Bay. He suggested that with this boat we it had never been fished with fly and rod To trace it requires going back to the could fish many more rivers, by follow- as far as he knew, as it could only be summer of 1913 when I accompanied my ing around the coast to their mouths and rrached by sea. father, Edward R. Hewitt, on my first poling up them in canoes. He and the As we approached the mouth of Alex- salmon-fishing trip, which was to the boat were engaged for the months of July ander Bay, we could see more than twenty east coast of Newfoundland. We fished and August 1914. icebergs aground in the larger Bonaven- the Gander, Gambo, and Tel-ra Nova riv- Dan advised us to be at his house by ture Bay, and a fog bank coming in. Dan ers. Our hcad guide, Dan Burton, had his July 1, as the salmon usually had come decmed it wise to p~lllin behind the vil- lage of Salvage for the night. The villagr then consisted of a couple of houses on a tiny rock island that was so bare, the soil to grow a few potatoes had been brought bv boar from the mainland and was held in place by wide planks. There were some codfish drying racks made of poles and a rickety dock of unpeeled logs. Night and the fog precluded seeing much more. In the morning we asked how to get to the Indian River. We were told to follow around the point to the west and then up the bay. The river emptied into the southwest arm. During this talk, my father kept eyeing what appeared to be a lobster car. He was inordinately fond of lobster and had often complained he never had enough of it. He asked if there were any lobsters in the car, and if so, were they for sale. The car owner allowed as how they "might have a few, but the cannery is payinga turrible high price for them." The car hauled out onto the dock contained fifteen lobsters ranging in weight from about three-quarters of a pound to one and a half pounds. "How much?" asked my father. "Reckon I'll have to get ten cents a piece fur them," said the owner. We bought all fifteen and ate them that night at the mouth of the Indian River. I put away four of them, and my father and the guicles ate the rest. For once, father had enough lobster. The next day, using two canoes to carry us and all the camping gear and food, we poled up some seven miles to a large lake about eight miles long. We were somc- what disappointed at the amount offish- ing water found at the head of the lake. There was really only one bigpool just below a rock gorge with an eighteen-foot waterfall at 11s head. Fish could also be ca~rghtwhere the river ran into the lake. The fish just below the falls would not take, as they were concentrating on get- ting over the falls. Hence, there were just two places to fish. Catching a fish in either place usually disturbed the rest so much, one had to wait an hour or more One that dtdn't get away. Arhley Hewztt wzth asteelhead, before another rise could be ex~ectecl. captured whzle on a fzshzng trzp zn Oregon Father had the guidrs portage a canoe around the falls and went explor~ng upstream. A second lake almost three miles squatr began about three hundted yards above the falls. The flrst day he followed entirely around the shore and far led to flnd the rtver Inlet. The next dav the inlet was found to be on the east s~de only about a hundred yards above the outlet. It was concealed by heavy alder

The following checklist, compiled by Robert Kohr- man, comes from two primary sources: Austin Hogan and Frederick Eugrnr Pond. Hogan published his list of pseudonyms in his American Sporting Periodicals of Angling Interest (1973), while Pond's lists ap- "# peared in Bradford's American Angler (February 1918), the Sportsman's Directory (I892), and Turf *: *: --- Field and Farm. At onr time, Hogan owned one of Pond's original notrbooks, and this i.s urhrre he gleaned most of the information for his list. So, in effect, Pond gathered most of the material for all these li.stls More often than not, correspondrnts for thr rarly sporting periodicals signed their articles and letters with pseudonyms. Without Pond's dili- gence and perseverancr wr might nmrr hazre known the idm- / tity of some of theninetrrnth crntury'smost popularangling writers. Pond was born at Packwaukre, Wisconsin, in 1856 and spent most of his life as an editor of various sporting periodica1.r. These included Turf Field and Farm, Wildwood's Magazine, thr Sportsman's Review, and the American Angler. From 1923 until his death in 1925, hr wrote the rod andgun column for the New York Herald Tribune. Pond had a rea at interest in Amrrican sporting prrsonalities. Hr published a series of sporting biographies in Turf Field and Farm ("Mrm- oirs of Eminent Sport.smen," .we the American Fly Fisher, uol. 12, no. 4, p. 2?), and he authorrd several biographies of famous sportsmrn for Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. Hr uras always collrcting newspaper clippings rrlating to and phofographs of nineteenth-century sporting prrsonalitirs. Fortunatrly, much of this matrrial was obtained by notrd bookman Lindley Ebrrstadt (now decmsed). Hrga.ave the material to Yale's Beineckr Library in 1975. Thr photo- graphs that accompany this chrcklist are copirs mad? from originals in the Ebrrstadt collrction. We arr grateful to Bri- nrcke's Patricia Middlrton for hrr assistance in arrangingfor u.7 to copy these photographs. Wr are carrful to remind our rradrrs that this list is, no doubt, incomplrte. Wr implore you to advisr u.7 of any additions or corrections.

Robrrt Kohrman is profrssor of chemistry at Central Michigan llniversity in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. In addition to his rxpertiw in organic chemistry, he is an amatrur historia~lwhose knowlrdge of the history of Lake Superior and its mvirons is rivaled by frw. He enjoys fishing the streams of Lakr Suprrior's north shore, r.sprcially the Nepigon.

14'2lliam C. Harrzs: a mrr photograph of the foundrr, rdztor, and ournrr of thr Amencan Angler (1881 to 1900). Many of the authorr apprarzng zn thr checklzst publzrhrd zn thr Amcr~canAngler.

L James A. Hmshnll; pseud., OCONOMOWOC. Henshall, Amerzca'.~expert on the black bass, contrzbutrd many artzcles to Forest & Stream. Hr authored Book of the Black Bass (1881 and other edztzons), Camping and Cruising in Florida (I884), Favorite Fish and Fishing (1908), Ye Gods and Little Checklist of Angling Authors, Fishes (1900),and More Alphabetical by Pseudonym About Black Bass (1889).

James Oaks1 " DIXIECARROLL Carroll Blaine Cook1 ADIRONDACK Lucius Eugene Chittenden' 23 4 DOG WHIP L. H. Smith' AGRICOLA William Elliot' 2 3 4 DRAHNEGLE Fred J. Englehartl 4 ALFREDOLDFELLOW Alfred Beach' Du FARCE William B. Mershonl 2 AL FRESCO Dr. J. C. Kenworthy2 3 4 E.E.M. (or E.M.E.) Edward Eames Millard' AMERICANANGLER John J. Brownl E.H. Emerson Houghl AMERICANEDITOR Rev. George W. Bethune' EI. COMANCHO Walter Shelley Phillips1 AMERICUS Dr. Francis Lieberl EPHEMERA Edward Fitzgibbonz 3 A MULE George M. Phelanl F.F., OF THE CEDARS Henry William Herbert2 4 AN AMATEUR James DeKayl FITZ Fred E. Romeynl AN ANGLER Sir Humphrey Davy2 3 4 FLOOD'N FIELD Charlcs W. Fielcll 2 34 A.N.C. Albert Nelson Cheneyl 2 4 FLUVIATUSPISCATOR Rev. Joseph Secombel G. Swan' FLYROD Cornelia Crosby 2 Col. Thomas Pictonl FRANKFALCONER S. N. Carvalhol 4 Charles Weidmeyerl FRANKFORESTER Henry William Herbert1 2 3 4 FREDBEVERLY Fred. A. Oberl 2 3 4 Boosey Thomas1 G. Gen. George Gibson1 GENESEE Prof. J. H. Gilmorel Francis A. Durivagel GEORGEFRANCIS William Samuel (or GEORGETHOMAS) George Francis Thomas1 George A. Stockwell 1 3 4 G I.OA N Thomas Ackley Logan1 Charles F. Brownl G.M. Gervase Markham Amos A. Drake' GOTHAMITE Col. Thomas Picton GRAPHO John Harrington Keene1 2 Henry Mort Feistl GRAYEAGLE Fred J. Englehartl E. D. Mansfieldl GRAYJOHN Graydon Johnston1 Theodore Gordon1 GREGORYGREENDRAKE J. Coadl 2 4 Robert Barnwell Rooseveltl 2 3 4 HACKLEPALMER Dr. R. Blake Key1 2 4 A. Monheimerl HALA. DACOTAH Gen. E. H. Sibley1 3 4 Henry Mort Feistl 2 HANSBREITMAN Marian A. Wilder1 Col. Frank S. Pinkneyl 2 3 4 HARRYFENWOOD William W. Walshl 2 Mrs. H. C. Brown' 2 3 4 HARRYW. George W. Kendalll Henry S. Raymond1 H.B. Hamilton Busby1 G. Garron Green H.C.B. H. C. Brownl 2 Charles J. Williams1 H.H.T. Henry H. Thompson1 2 Rev. Joshua Cook1 2 H.T. H. Thompson1 Lewis B. Francel 2 3 4 HYJULIANS Dr. W. M. Briggs2 D. B. Wierl 4 IKMARVEL Donald G. Mitchell1 CANUCK S. E. Sangsterl IRANEUS Samuel Iraneus Prime1 CARLBENSON Carl Astor Bristed' 3 4 IRAZELL Robert Barnwell Roosevelt C.F.H. Charles Fenno Hoffman' IRODEQUOIT Dr. Frank T. Buckland1 CHRISTOPHERNORTH Professor John Wilson1 2 3 JACOBSTAFF George Boardman Eaton' CLERICUS Rev. William Cartwrightl 2 3 4 J. CYPRUS,JR. William Post Hawes' William Pendleton Kennedy J.M.M. Prof. James McMullenl Maj. J. D. Hill1 34 JOHNCHALKHILL Izaak Walton2 Prof. James Silvernail1 J.R. (or J.G.R.) John Gross Rich1 S. C. Massett JUVENAL George Oliver Shields' 3 4 (or THEJUVENILE) Col. Thomas Picton' CORIGEENOF THE FIELD KEGO-E-KAY Fred Mather (or CORIGEEN) Joseph Adams' KELPIE F. H. Thurston1 CYPRESS,JR. KEOKUK Craig Miner' 2 (or J. CYPRUS,JR.) Wm. Post Hawes2 3 4 KEUKA J. M. Buckleyl D.E.N. Rev. Alfred Brook' KINGFISHER J. H. Hickman2 DINKS Capt. Jonathan Peel1 2 3 4 KLAHOWYA Orange Perry Barnes1 Hamilton Busbey; Henry Hastings Siblry; psrud., H. n. psrud., HAI.. A. DACOTAH. Ru.sbry was an rditor at Sibley was the first Turf Field andFarm and goz~rrnorof Minnesota, zuas a good friend of famous for his campaign F. E. Pond. against the Sioux Indians.

Charlrs Lanmanl ROGERREED S. D. Barnes2 Arthur Robert Hardingl RUSTICUS Garrit Furman' Charles Hallockl 2 3 4 SAMSLOCUM Charles Hallockl 2 Col. Thomas Picton SAMUELA. BARD Ephraim George Squierl Mrs. W. D. Tomlinl S.C.C. Samuel C. Clarke' 2 3 4 John Beauchamp Jones1 SCARLETIBIS Wakeman Holbertonl Seba Smith' SENECA Henry H. Soule1 3 Rowland Robinson1 SETHFIELDING Charles Bradford1 Henry Wellington Wackl S.G. Seth Green1 Robert L. Morris1 SHONGO Samuel T. Davis1 2 Martin Van Buren Denbowl SILENTSAM Samuel S. Stinsonl MEADOWS Barton P. Wallop1 SILLALICUM W. A. Perry1 2 MONMOUTH Maj. E. August Egbert4 SIRJ. E. ALEXANDER W. A. Adamson MORTIMER John Mortimer Murphy1 2 SKITT H. E. Taliaferrol M.P. Moses Perleyl SOLACE George W. Stre113 4 NANIT C. R. Tinan1 2 SOMERSET Arthur A. Fowler1 NEDBUNTLINE Col. Edward Zane Carroll SPARSEGRAY HACKLE Alfred W. Miller1 Judson1 2 STEPHENOLIVER William E. Chatto2 George Washington Sears1 2 3 4 S. TRUTTA Dr. J. H. Slack Clyde C. Newkirkl SWITCHREEL R. H. Corsonl 2 Col. C. F. M. Nolandl 3 4 SYLVANUS John H. Hubbard1 2 W. David Tomlinl 2 TEDGRAYSON Francis Endicottl 2 3 Dr. James Alexander T.G. Theodore Gordon1 Henshalll 2 THEAMERICAN EDITOR Rev. George Washington Boosey Thomas2 Bethunel M. C. Weidmeyerl THEBEE HUNTER (M. C. Wiedemeyer)3 (or TOMOW EN)^ OLDHICKORY James N. Hickmanl 2 (or TOMOWEN, OLDISAAC T. S. Morrelll 2 THEBEE HUNTER)^ Col. Thomas B. Thorpe1 OLIVERNORTH W. Mullenl THECOLONEL W. E. Simmonsl 2 OLIVEROPTIC William Taylor Adamsl THEOPHILUSSOUTH Edward Chitty OLLIPODQUILL Luke Wymanl THEPROFESSOR J. Charles Davis1 2 ORNIS George Bird Grinnell THEPROFESSOR John W. McDonald2 PALMERHACKLE Robert Blakely3 THERANGER Captain Flack PAULBRANDRETH Paula Brandrethl TOMOWEN PAULFISHER William Andrew Chatto2 4 (or TOMOWEN, PETEROLIVER William Andrew Chatto3 THEBEE HUNTER)^ Col. Thomas B. Thorpel 3 4 PETERPARLEY Samuel G. Goodrich' UBIQUE Parker Gillmorel 2 PETERPILGRIM Robert Montgomery Bird1 V.D. L. D. Van Dorenz PHILANTHROPUS Richard Franck VIRGINIUS Eugene Virginius Connett PHINEASCAMP William N. Duane1 3rdl 2 PIPESOF PIPESVILLE S. C. Massettl W. William Cowper Prime1 2 PISCATOR William E. Elliot1 W. Charles Wilkins Webberl PISCATOR W. Hughes2 W. (or VON.) Samuel Webberl PISECO Adm. Lester A. Beardsleel 2 WALTON Henry Thorpe1 2 3 PIOUS J EEMS Col. James Gordon' WALTONFISHER S. E. Clark1 PODGERS Edward J. Hooperl W ESTON FISHER S. C. Clarke2 PODGERS R. L. Ogdenl WILDFOWLER Lewis Clements3 PORTECRAYON David H. Strotherl 2 WILLWILDWOOD Frederick Eugene Pond1 2 RALPHGREENWOOD Arthur C. Gouldl 2 W.T. W. Thompson1 2 REDSPINNER W. Senior2 Yo George Bird Grinnelll 3 R.H. Robert Howlett YORK'STALL SON William T. Porter3 ROBERTRAMBLE John Frost1 ROBINRUFF H. D. Forsythl Samuel T. Davis; pseud., SHONGO.

Checklist of Angling Authors, Alphabetical by Last Name

Joseph Adams CORIGEENOF THE FIELD William Elliot AGRICOLA (or CORRIGEEN) William E. Elliot PISCATOR W. A. Adamson SIRJ. E. ALEXANDER Francis Endicott TEDGRAYSON William Taylor Adams OLIVEROPTIC Fred J. Englehart DRAHNEGEL(or GRAYEAGLE) Orange Perry Barnes KLAHOWYA Charles W. Field FLOOD'N FIELD S. D. Barnes ROGERREED Henry Mort Feist AUGEROF LONDONLIFE Adm. Lester A. Beardslee PISECO (or B. HACKLE) Alfred Beach ALFREDOLDFELLOW Edward Fitzgibbon EPHEMERA Rev. George W. Bethune AMERICANEDITOR Captain Flack THERANGER (or THEAMERICAN EDITOR) H. D. Forsyth ROBINRUFF Robert Montgomery Bird PETERPILGRIM Arthur A. Fowler SOMERSET Robert Blakey PALMERHACKLE Lewis B. France BouRc~ors Charles Bradford SETHFIELDING Richard Franck PHILANTHROPUS Paula Brandreth PAULBRANDRETH John Frost ROBERTRAMBLE Dr. W. M. Briggs HYJULIANS Garrit Furman RUSTICUS Carl Astor Bristed CARLBENSON Gen. George Gibson G. Rev. Alfred Brook D.E.N. Parker Gillmore LJBIQUE Charles F. Brown ARTEMUSWARD Prof. J. H. Gilmore GENESEE John J. Brown AMERICANANGLER Samuel G. Goodrich PETERPARLEY Mrs. H. C. Brown BERYL Theodore Gordon BADGERHACKLE (or T.G.) H. C. Brown H.C.B. Col. James Gordon Prous JEEMS Dr. Frank T. Buckland IRODEQUOIT Arthur C. Gould RALPHGREENWOOD J. M. Buckley KEUKA G. Garron Green BLACKHACKLE Hamilton Busby H.B. Seth Green S.G. Rev. William Cartwright CLERICUS George Bird Grinnell ORNIS(or YO) S. N. Carvalho FRANKFALCONER Charles Hallock LARIAT(or SAMSLOCUM) William Andrew Chatto PAULFISHER Arthur Robert Harding LAKEBROOKS (or PETEROLIVER) William Post Hawes CYPRESS,JR. William E. Chatto STEPHENOLIVER Dr. James Alexander Albert Nelson Cheney A.N.C. Henshall Oco~o~owoc Lucius Eugene Henry William Herbert FRANKFORESTER Chittenden ADIRONDACK (or F.F. OF THE CEDARS) Edward Chitty THEOPHILUSSOUTH J. H. Hickman KINGFISHER S. E. Clark WALTONFISHER James N. Hickman OLDHICKORY S. C. Clarke S.C.C. (or WESTERNFISHER) Maj. J. D. Hill CLIMAX Lewis Clements WILDFOWLER Charles Fenno Hoffman C.F.H. J. Coad GREGORYGREENDRAKE Wakeman Holberton SCARLETIBIS Eugene Virginius Edward J. Hooper PODGERS Connett 3rd Emerson Hough E.H. Carroll Blaine Cook Robert Howlett R.H. Rev. Joshua Cook John H. Hubbard SYLVANUS R. H. Corson W. Hughes PISCATOR Cornelia Crosby Graydon Johnston GRAYJOHN J. Charles Davis John Beauchamp Jones LUKESHORTFIELD Samuel T. Davis Col. Edward Zane Carroll Sir Humphrey Davy Judson James DeKay John Harrington Keene Martin Van Buren George W. Kendall Denbow John Pendelton Kennedy Amos A. Drake Dr. J. C. Kenworthy William N. Duane Dr. R. Blake Key Francis A. Durivage Charles Lanman George Boardman Eaton Dr. Francis Lieber Maj. E. August Egbert Thomas Ackley Logan George Bordman Eaton: James Oakes; pseud., ACORN. pseud., JACOBSTAFF. Sportsman and friend of Eaton was a frequent WilliamPorter, editor of the Spirit of the Times, Oakes published frequently in theSpirit. His coterie of friends included Nathaniel Hawthorne, N. P. Willis, and H. W.Herbert; (pseud., FRANKFORESTER).

E. D. Mansfield A VETERANOBSERVER George A. Stockwell ARCHER S. C. Massett PIPESOF PIPESVILLE(or COL.) David H. Strother PORTECRAYON Gervase Markham G.M. G. Swan ANCIENTPISTOL Fred Mather KEGO-E-KAY H. E. Taliaferro SKITT John W. McDonald THEPROFESSOR Boosey Thomas OLDANGLER (or AN OLD Prof. James McMullen J.M.M. ANGLERAND BIBLIOPOLE) William B. Mershon Du FARCE George Francis Thomas GEORGETHOMAS Edward Eames Millard E.E.M (or E.M.E.) (or GEORGEFRANCIS) Alfred W. Miller SPARSEGRAY HACKLE Henry H. Thompson H.H.T. Craig Miner KEOKUK H. Thompson H.T. Donald G. Mitchell IK MARVEL W. Thompson W.T. A. Monheimer B. HACKLE Henry Thorpe WALTON T. S. Morrell OLDISAAC Col. Thomas B. Thorpe THEBEE HUNTER Robert L. Morris MARKWEST (or TOMOWEN, or TOM W. Mullen OLIVERNORTH OWEN,THE BEE HUNTER) John Mortimer Murphy MORTIMER F. H. Thurston KELPIE Clyde C. Newkirk NEWTONNEWKIRK C. R. Tinan NANIT Col. C. F. M. Noland N. OF ARKANSAS Mrs. W. D. Tomlin LUCYJ. James Oaks ACORN W. David Tomlin NORMAN Fred A. Ober FREDBEVERLY L. D. Van Doren V.D. R. L. Ogden PODGERS Henry Wellington Wack MARKBIFF Capt. Jonathan Peel DISKS Barton P. Wallop MEADOWS Moses Perley M.P. William W. Walsh HARRYFENWOOD W. A. Perry SILLALICUM Izaak Walton JOHNCHALKHILL Goerge M. Phelan A MULE Charles Wilkins Webber W. Walter Shelley Phillips EL COMANCHO Samuel Webber W. (or VON.) Col. Thomas Picton AN Ex EDITOR(or GOTHAMITE, Charles Weidmeyer AN OLDANGLER or JUVENAL,or LE VIOLA, M. C. Weidmeyer OLDANGLER or THEJUVENILE) D. B. Wier BYRNE Col. Frank S. Pinkney BENBENT Marian A. Wilder HANSBREITMAN Frederick Eugene Pond WILLWILDWOOD Charles J. Williams BLUEJAY William Trotter Porter YORK'STALL SON Professor John Wilson CHRISTOPHERNORTH Samuel Iraneus Prime IRANEUS Luke Wyman OLLIPODQUILL William Cowper Prime W. Henry S. Raymond BILLYBOWLINE Joshua Gross Rich J.R. (or J.G.R.) Rowland Robinson MAJORJOSEPH VERITY Fred E. Romeyn FITZ Robert Barnwell BARNWELL(or IRAZELL) Roosevel t -1) ANONYMOUS William Samuel ENDNOTES: S. E. Sangster CANUCK George Washington Sears NESSMUK 1. Austin S. Hogan, "Pseudonyms of Angling Authors- Rev. Joseph Secombe FLUVIATUSPISCATOR American," American Sporting Periodicals of Anglzng Interest W. Senior REDSPINNER (Manchester, Vermont: The Museum of American Fly Fishing, George Oliver Shields COQUINA 1973), pp. 50-59. Gen. E. H. Sibley HALA. DACOTAH 2. W. W. Wood, "Pseudonyms of Angling Writers," The Prof. James Silvernail CLOUD'ARGENT American Angler 2, No. 10 (February 1918): p. 549. W. E. Simmons THECOLONEL 3. Will Wildwood, "Pseudonyms of Sporting Authors," The Sportsman's Directory and Yearbook (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: L. H. Smith DOG WHIP Pond & Goldey, 1892), pp. 19-22. Seba Smith MAJORJACK DOWNEY 4. Fred E. Pond, Scrapbook, pp. 92-93. The scrapbook was Henry H. Soule SENECA owned by Pond; it is a collection of clippings of articles that he Ephraim George Squier SAMUELE. BARD had written for various sporting periodicals. The list of Samuel S. Stinson SILENTSAM pseudonyms on pages 92 and 93 was published in Turf Field and George W. Strell SOLACE Farm (circa 1885?). Notes and Comment Still More on John Harrington Keene You might remember that in Part I of manufacturer is reproduced. The letter, exceed ALL YOU CLAIM FOR THEM. our article on John Harrington Keene, in addition to touting the product in The enclosed is the result of an attack we speculated that he and his wife had question, gives Keene's address as Brook- of the CACOETHES SCRIBENDI one rainy lived in the New York City area prior to lyn, New York. We include the pertinent morning after a good night's sport with moving to Vermont in 1886. Apparently copy as well as a poem by Keene that the larger bass, etc. we were correct. Robert Kohrman (vide accompanied his letter. I send it as a sort of paean of triumph ante) recently sent us a copy of the back over thesuccess of your capital invention, cover of the August I, 1885 (vol. 8, no. 5) ENTERPRISEMANUF'G CO. AKRON,0.: from an angler's point of view, and you issue of the American Angler. There, in GENTLEMEN:-Ihave recently returned are at liberty to make what use you like of an advertisement of the Enterprise Manu- from a fishingexcursion outwest, during it. facturing Co. for Pflueger's Luminous which I tested your Luminous Baits for Respectfully, J. HARRINGTONKEENE, Fish Baits, a letter from Keene to the all they were worth and found them to Brooklyn.

The Lay of the Lucky Angler

As day brake east an angler trudged Or the "CRYSTAL,"seen by its glowing sheen Away from the river's shore, In the dark of the starless night. And over his back with a leathern strap Oh, I am a lucky fisherman, A basket full he bore. Good fortune on me waits, 'Twas full to the brim with all that swim For there surely is no better plan In the water's fruitful tide, Than to use THELUMINOUS BAITS. And, as he walked, to himself he talked In a tone most satisfied: "Oh, I am a lucky fisherman; "The royal Bass as he swimmeth pass Good fortune on me waits, Turns up his high-toned nose For surely there's no better plan At the daintiest fly e'er seen by eye Than to use THELUMINOUS BAITS. That in day the angler throws. No good is done in the heat of the sun, But in the darkness dim "Well do I know that the big game fish That fly is great as a LUMINOUSBAIT Scarce ever feed by day. To catch all fish that swim. While others toil in the heat and broil Oh, I am a lucky fisherman, I laugh in my sleeve and say: Good fortune on me waits. "The night's the prime of the fishing time, Do you want to know my little plan? When the great pike seeks his prey 'Tis PFLUEGER'SLUMINOUS BAITS. And the large lake trout comes boldly out, And the Bass and the Pickerel play; Oh, I am a lucky fisherman. And the Dobson bright and the Helgramite, Good fortune on me waits. And the Crawfish all are made. Do you want to know my little plan? To shine at night like the Fire-fly bright, 'Tis PFLUEGER'SLUMINOUS BAITS. The fisherman's sport to aid. The game fish roak from their deep dark home And rush, the bait to seize, "Let the darkness clothe the watery deeps, "And the biggest fish are ever my dish," I glory in my sport; Said the fisherman, "such as these, The Mascalonge in the noonday sleeps, For I am a lucky fisherman, At midnight he is caught Good fortune on me waits, By the "AKRONSPOON," that, like the moon, And will on you if you try my plan, Gives forth a silver light, 'Tis PFLUEGER'SLUMINOUS BAITS.

Corrigenda rather than Fr~d~ric,and his first book on Question: Who has egg on his face, and dry-fly fishing was inrorrectly given as who is quaking in his grave? Dr? Fly-Fi.c.lling in Throry and Pmcticr Answer: Your editor and F. M. Halford, (his second book), rather than Floating respectively. Flips and How to Drr.c..c. Ttzem. We anol- Explanation: In Part I1 of our series on ogize to Halford, our readers, ant1 our John Harrington Keene, we incorrectly angling Friends on the other side of the gave Halford's first name as Frederick, pond. We knew better. Join the Museum Museum News Membership Dues (per annum*) AssociateX $ 25 SustainingX $ 50 PatronX $ 250 Within our available space, we'll cover during our visit at the prospect of their "Anglers All" showing. It promises to he Sponsor* $ 500 a few highlights of current events and exhibitions, hoping to elaborate on at an extraordinary display and should pro- CorporateX $1000 least a few of them in the next issue or ducts Inany new friends for our museurn. Life $1500 two. Membership dues include the cost of a NPZOArquisition.c subscription ($20) to the Amrricarl Fly Mus~umBuilding The end of 1986 proved to be a real Fisher. Please send your application to As of February 1987, the mortgage on bonanza in tcrms of th' growth of our the membership secretary and include our museum ticadquarters in Manchestrr collections. Although custom:~rily we your mailing address. The Museum is a was totally paid off. In the fall of 1983, wc have listed all new accluisitions periodi- member of the American Association took a $120,000 noteon our huildingpur- cally in this journal, thts sheer number of of Museums and the American Associ- chase and planned to have it clcared at the items prohibits this at the present time. ation for State and Local History. We end of five yrars. Now we not only own are a nonprofit, eclucational institution our own bi~ilciing,we accomplished A few highlights: chartered under the laws of the state of samc almost eighteen months ahead of A very largca collection of antique fly Vermont. schedule. Sincere thanks to all memht-rs reels, by 110th American anti western and friends of the Museum who mad(. Eurol~canmakcm, \%,asdonated hy Fretl- Support the Museum this ~x~ssihlewith thrir generous contri- eric A. Sharf. 'This donation, known here, l~utions. now, as the Sharf Collrrtion, c~ffectivc~ly As an independcnt, nonprofit institution, doul)led the sizr of our own ret.1 collcc.- the American Museum of Fly Fishing Exhibits-Mn?~rIle.r&rr tion. Members will reci~llthat we haw :I must rely on the generosity of 1,ul)lic- We've installed several new exhibits in reel-collection cataloging project under- spirited individuals for sul)stantial our Manchestc.r, Vermont, home gallerivs way, with the cventu:rl goal of pnblish- support. We ask that you give our for the 1987 season, ~xlrtlywith the intent ing an illust~-;~tedc;~talog of our collec.- institution serious consitleration when of giving our many repeat visitors from tion. Our own cat;rloging work on thc planning for gifts and l~c~quests. around the country something new to Sharf Collec.tion has heen completeti, enjoy. One new display features theart of althor~ghthe additional timr rcquirctl Visit the Museum haml)oo-rod c.onstruction anrl is largely has ~x~slledcatalog 11111)licationback at Sumnirr hours (May 1 through basetl on the works of Tim Brtlford ant1 least to latc Fall of this year. A scxcond major donz~tionto the collec.- 0-ctober31) arcbI0 A.M. to 4 P.M. tlaily. Lyle Dickerson (sre rc,cent acquisitions, Winter hours (Novem1)cr I through following). Works of such motlrrn mas- tion came from our frirnd Heidi Becifortl in Knowri now as thv Thom- April 30) are wrckdays 10 A.M. to4 P.M. ters as Gillum, Paync, Garrison, Tho- We arc ckwdon major holidays. mas, and Etlwards are also featured. as A. Brclford Collection, in honor of her Another- stunning tlisplay is takcn latc husbantl. Tim-a rodmaker and for Back Issues of the from the forthcoming l)ook, Tllr Art of several years a trustrc of this museum thr Salmon Fly, by Col. Joseph D. Bates -the collection inclutlrs a large num1)c.r American Fly Fisher Jr. In this display all the original [lies of Dickerson cane rods as well :IS some of The following back issues are frorn which the book's twenty-threecolor Tim's own work. Just as important arcL available at $4 per copy: platc*s were made (by various tirrs-some tht, large filcs of corresl~ondcnc.cthat Tim anticlue) arc on display, together with ;111 haci with rotlrnakers all over the worlcl, Volume6, Numbers 1.2, 3 and 1 original Henry McD:~niel painting, slz~apl,ing theories and experience with Volume 7, Numbers 2,3ant1 4 which is also featured in the 1)ook. This bam1)oo rodmaking. This will rventually Volumc8, Nurnb'r 3 book is being published by Boston's all be cataloged and in future years should be a majo~source of information Volume 9, N~tmbers1.2 and3 David Godiric~and will be out, we're tolcl, by late summer. Our thanks to Chi. Ratcas fo~anyone interestctl in cane-rod con- Volume 10, Numbers 1 and 2 for helping 11s with this exhibit. struction. Volume 11, Numbers 1,2, 3 ant1 4 Volume 12, Numbers I and 3 E.xhihits-01, the Kond A Fly-Fislri?~gI-li.ttory After highly succrssful showings in Some time ago tht, Museum arrangrtl San Francisco (1985)and Chicago (1986), for a commission to allow forrncr director I our "Anglc,rs All" traveling taxhihit will P;rul Schullrry to write a history of Amcr- I The olxn at Philadclphi:~'~Academy of Natu- ic;ui fly-fishing. \Yr're happy to report ral Sciences on Saturday, October 21, that the book will be publishctl by Nick American 1987, and running there until mitl- Lyons Books this summer. A limited rtli- Januar-y 1988. From Philadelphia the- riori of 100 c.ol)ies is being produced I)y Museum rxhil)it will travel directly to the Denver tht, Museurn. Copies of both the tradeantl Muscum of Natural History, where it limited editions will be available dirrctly will he on view through the spring of from the Museum. Members will receive of 1988. We recently visited the academy in a mailing to this effect shortly. Fly Fishing Philadelphia to plan the installation Once again, we apologizr for the brtw- with their exhibits staff. The space allo- ity of the forrgoingdrscriptions. We fully Post Office Box 42 catc.ci to our exhibit is extremrly attrac- expert to cover tllcm more in ciepth in ;I Manchesttlr tive. and wcs were drli~hted,, with the su1)scquent issue. Vermont 05254 enthusiasm shown by the academy staff -John Mfrroin A Bunch of Trout-Flies by Heny Van Dyke

Here's a half-a-dozen flies, None of this vulgarian crew, So, you plumed illusions, go, Just about the proper size Dainty flies, is game for you. Let my romrade Archie know For the trout of Dickey's Run,- Darting swiftly through the air Every day he goes a-fishing Luck go with them every one! Guided by the angler's care, I'll be with him in well-wishing. Light upon the flowing stream Most of all when lunch is laid Dainty little feathered beauties, Likc a wing?cl fairy dream; In the dappled orchard shade, Listen now, and learn your duties: Float upon the water dancing, With Will, Corinnc,, and Dixie too, Not to tangle in the box; Through the lights and shadows glancing, Sitting as we used to do Not to catch on logs or rocks, Till the rippling current brings you, Round the white cloth on the grass Boughs that wave or weeds that float, And with quiet motion swings you, While the la~yhours pass, Nor in the angler's "pants" or coat! Where a speckled beauty lies And the brook's contented tun<, Not to lure the glutton frog Watching you with hungry eyes. Lulls the sleepy afternoon,- From his banquet in the bog; Then's the time my heart will be Nor the lazy chub to fool, Here's your game and here's your prize! With that pleasant company! # Splashing idly round the pool; Hover near him, lure him, tease him, Nor the sullen horn'ed pout Do your very best to please him, From the mud to hustle out! Dancing on the water foamy, Like the frail and fair Salome, Till the monarch yields at last, Rises, and you have him fast! Then remember well your duty,- Do not lose, but land, your booty; For the finest fish of all is Snl71elinu.cFontinnlis.