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Ichthyo Fauna and Hydrophyte Floral Diversity in the Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar District

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Ichthyo Fauna and Hydrophyte Floral Diversity in the Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar District International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(3): 109-118 ISSN: 2347-5129 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.352 Ichthyo fauna and hydrophyte floral diversity in the IJFAS 2016; 4(3): 109-118 Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar district, © 2016 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com (Telangana State) India Received: 04-03-2016 Accepted: 05-04-2016 Rama Rao K, Leela B Rama Rao K Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Satavahana Abstract University Jammikunta, Fish and Hydrophytes bio diversity in the Lower Manair Dam was studied from November-2014 to Karimnagar District, Telangana, October-2015. Fish samples were collected once in every fortnight with help of local fishermen by using India. fishing Craft and Gear. A total of 66 species of fishes belonging to 9 orders such as Cypriniformes (27 species), Siluriformes (13species), Perciformes (15 species), Channiformes (4 species), Beloniformes (2 Leela B species), Anguilliformes (2 species), Osteoglossiformes (one species), Cyprinodontiformes (One species) Department of Zoology, Govt. and Mugiliformes (one species). The number and percentage composition of population status were Degree College, Satavahana calculated to 32.81% common, 29.69% abundant, 21.86% moderate, and 15.63% rare species were University Jammikunta, identified in the Lower Manair Dam. Of these, 52 species of fish were least concerned (LC), 5 were data Karimnagar District, Telangana, deficient (DD), 3 were near threaten (NT), 3 were not evaluate (NE), 2 species of fish were endangered India. (ED) and 1 species of fish was vulnerable (VU). Forty eight different species of aquatic macrophytes were recorded in 04 classes, 20 orders and 26 families, which include five free floating macrophytes, ten submerged, and thirty three emergent species of weds were recorded. The percentage composition of class, order and families were calculated during the period. IUCN (2015.4), CAMP (1998) status and Shannon-Weiner diversity (H-), Evenness (E), Hmax = ln(S), Maximum diversity possible and species richness (S) for different months were calculated. Keywords: Fishes diversity, Macrophytes, Shannon-Weiner diversity (H-), Evenness (E) and species richness (S), Hmax = ln(S) Maximum diversity possible. 1. Introduction The Lower Manair Dam (LMD) is located on the Manair River at 18°24' N latitude and 79° 20' E longitude in Karimnagar District at 146 Km. of Kakatiya Canal. The Manair River is a tributary of the Godavari River and the dam is built across the river at the confluence with Mohedamada River. The dam drains a catchment area of 6,464 square kilometres (2,496 sq mi) which includes 1,797.46 square kilometres (694.00 sq mi) of free catchment and the balance is intercepted catchment. It is an earth cum masonry dam. The dam height above the deepest foundation is 41 metres (135 ft); the maximum height of the earth dam is 88 feet (27 m). The dam length is 10,471 metres (34,354 ft) and top width is 24 feet (7.3 m). It has a volume content of 5.41 million cum with a reservoir water spread area of 81 square kilometres (31 sq mi) at FRL of 920.00 ft. The gross storage capacity of the reservoir is 680 million cubic meter and the live storage capacity is 380.977 million cum. While the maximum observed flood discharge is reported to be 9,910 cubic metres (350,000 cu ft)/second. The storage behind the dam serves as a balancing reservoir for the Kakatiya Canal and regulates flow for irrigation. The command area for irrigation is 163,000 hectares (400,000 acres). The storage of the dam is also utilized as drinking water source for Karimnagar and Warangal towns and for [1] reservoir fisheries . Indian region fishes are about 2500 species; freshwater fishes 930 species and remaining 1570 are marine [2]. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, Correspondence biodiversity is essential for stabilization of ecosystem protection of overall environmental Rama Rao K quality for understanding intrinsic worth of all species on the earth represented [3]. The rapid Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Satavahana environment change on earth therefore has its impact on the biodiversity, that’s why the united University Jammikunta, nation declares the year 2010 as the international year of biodiversity. India consists of six Karimnagar District, Telangana, drainage system. These are Indus river system, upland cold water bodies, Gangetic river India. system, Brahmaputra river system, east flowing river system, and west flowing systems [4]. ~ 109 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies In this river ecosystem fishes play a very important role to fixed in the solution in separate glass jars according to size. maintain ecosystem. Fish biodiversity of river essentially Smaller fishes were directly placed in the 10% formalin, represents the fish faunal diversity and their abundance. River whereas larger fishes were given an incision on the abdomen conserves a rich variety of fish species which support to the and removed the gut content before they were preserved. commercial fisheries. The Ichthyo faunal Diversity of Dhaura Identification and classification was carried out based on keys Reservoir at Kichha [5]. And check list - freshwater fishes of for fishes of the Indian subcontinent [15-21]. Identification of the India, Records of the Zoological Survey of India [6]. species was done mainly on the morphometric and Lower Manair Dam had been rich fish productivity and in meristematic characters. Macrophytes were collected during multi-dimensional utilization of aquatic weeds. The fresh three different seasons such as monsoon, winter and summer water aquatic weeds are directly or indirectly more helpful for season by field visit to the spots. The survey was conducted to food and shelter to reservoir fishery at Lower Manair Dam. collect the information regarding floating, emergent, and They also serve as a potential source of energy [7]. submerged vegetation. The macrophytes were collected by Macrophytes of different water bodies in India are studied by hand picking, and also using nets and then brought to researchers [8-11] and many more. The two most common laboratory preserved in 10% formalin and identified using measures of species diversity index are Simpson index and standard available literature [22]. Shannon-Weiner index. The Simpson index is the measure of diversity which takes into account both the number of species 2.1. Statistical Analysis and the evenness of occurrence of individuals in the various The mathematical expression of Shannon - Wiener Diversity species. It is an expression of the number of times one would Index as have to take pairs of individuals at random from the entire Shannon-Wiener Index denoted by H = -SUM [(pi) × ln (pi)] aggregation to find a pair from the species. Shannon-Weiner whereas Index is a widely employed index and it is also an expression of how many equally abundant species would have diversity SUM = summation equal to that in the observed collection. pi = proportion of total sample represented by species i Divide no. of individuals of species i by total number of samples S = number of species, = species richness Hmax = ln(S) Maximum diversity possible E = Evenness = H/Hmax 3. Results and Discussion The results of this study revealed that the occurrence of sixty six fish species belong to nine orders, 20 families and 41 genera. List of LMD fish including their order, family, genus, species, common name, vernacular name, IUCN and CAMP status were recorded in the present investigation was given in Table 1. Out of 66 species recorded from Lower Manair Dam five exotic species are available. (* indicates exotic fish Fig 1: Lower Manair Dam Map (Google Courtesy) species in the table). Earlier studies were dissimilarly reported that 44 species [23]. And 64 species were available in the 2. Materials and Methods Lower Manair Dam [24]. The freshwater fish diversity, status Fish samples were collected from different corners of LMD and strategies were reported by various researchers including surrounding areas with the help of fishermen, fish collectors, exotic fishes, belonging to order, family, genera and species local fish markets, and also fish sellers. The photographs of percentage composition was vary in Lower Manair Dam, the collected fishes were taken at fresh condition immediately Parbhani reservoir, Ibrahimbagh reservoir and Hirakud and preserved in 10% formalin without any post-mortem reservoirs [25-30]. stages [12-14]. Sample fishes were brought to the laboratory and Table 1: List of fishes and their order, family, genus, species, population status, IUCN and CAMP status at Lower Manair Dam Order / Family No. Scientific Name Population Status IUCN Status (2014.2) CAMP Status Osteoglossiformes/ I 1. Notopteridae (1) 1 Notopterus notopterus C LC LRnt Cypriniformies/ II 2. Cyprinidae (24) 2 Catla catla C LC LRnt 3 Labeo ariza C LC NE 4 Labeo bata R LC LRnt 5 Labeo calbasu A LC LRnt 6 Labeo fimbriatus M LC LRnt 7 Labeo porcellus R LC DD 8 Labeo rohita C LC LRnt 9 Cirrhinus mrigala C LC LRnt 10 Cirrhinus reba A LC VU 11* Ctenopharyngodon idella R LC NE 12 Garra gotyla gotyla R LC A1 ac 13* Cyprinus carpio M VU NE ~ 110 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 14 Osteobrama cotio cotio A LC LRnt 15 Puntius chola A LC VU 16 Puntius ticto A LC LRnt 17 Puntius sarana sarana A LC VU 18 Puntius sophore A LC LRnt 19 Rasbora daniconius M LC LRnt 20 Rasbora elanga M LC NE 21 Salmostoma bacaila A LC DD 22 Salmostoma phulo C NE NE 23 Amblypharyngodon microlepis A LC NE 24 Amblypharyngodon mola A LC LRlc 25 Danio devario C EN NE 3. Cobitidae (3) 26 Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei M EN NE 27 Lepidocephalus guntea M LC NE 28 Schistura corica R LC NE Cyprinodontiformes/ III 4.
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