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Mantra and Consciousness Expansion in India

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Mantra and Consciousness Expansion in India MANTRA AND CONSCIOUSNESS EXPANSION IN INDIA Ian Prattis Professor of Anthropology Carleton University Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6 ABSTRACT The Gayatri mantra is the main component of the Sandhya–Upasana ceremony, currently used as a practice to train meditation teachers and initiators in Siddha Samadhi Yoga – a meditation tradition in South India. The intent of the ceremony is to expand consciousness in multiple directions. The Gayatri is a meditation on OM, and the Sandhya ceremony is regarded as the most effective means of integrating with the universal consciousness connoted by OM. The author describes his experience of preparing for and participating in the ceremony – with attention to physiological, perceptual and cognitive shifts. Introduction This essay is a journey between the OM and GAYATRI mantras. I illustrate their interconnection by briefly talking about the science of mantra, then focus on the properties of the OM mantra, before discussing the Gayatri as a meditation on OM. The next step outlines how the Gayatri plays a central role in the Sandhya-Upasana ceremony, a ritual practice to train meditation teachers and initiators in Siddha Samadhi Yoga. Finally I describe my own phenomenology of participating in the training and ceremony. The Science of Mantra In the yogic traditions of meditation, mantras are Sanskrit words of power considered to be essential for the internal journey of self-knowledge. The resonance of the sound of mantra, operates as a total energy system that engages with all levels of an individual’s being. Each syllable in a mantra is a set of tonal frequencies that resonate with, and activate, energy centers (chakras) in the body, connecting and unifying them into a single integrated system. The spiritual vibration of mantra cannot be explained in terms of sound waves in the ordinary sense, for there is much more to it than that. It is believed 2 that the Rishis of ancient India created Sanskrit as a sacred language. This creation emanated from the universal consciousness occupied by the Rishis, in that the name given to forms had the same energy resonance of the form. The form is known as yantra, the naming is mantra, and tantra is the methodology that links the two. In meditation, mantra serves as a multidimensional hologram of energy – where that which is encased in the totality is also incorporated in the minimal units of the totality. (Prattis, 1997; Wilber, 1985) At one level the vibrations of this total energy system operate to engage with and calm the clutter of the mind, so that there is stillness. Once stillness is experienced, then the rest of this holographic vehicle comes into play, providing the arrow to cut through barriers that prevent access to inner consciousness. This provides the opportunity to experience a deeper level of silence and stillness. Specific mantras serve particular purposes and it is the precise use of breath in meditation that makes them effective. The mantra may be chanted out loud or said silently in its different phases. The variation in pitch, tone and resonance adjusts the effect of the mantra's tonal set of frequencies to the energy center's capacity to receive activation. The repetition of mantra is to take one deeper into the resonance of syllable (external form) with activated energy center (internal essence). The different mantras, and the levels within each mantra, operate on different wavelengths, i.e. with discrete resonances. The physical nature of the three lower chakras in the body relates to the level of worldly consciousness - power, wealth and progeny. These are superceded when the focus of energy is placed on the heart chakra through breath. Thus the choice to bring mantra into the body through the heart center, signals a step into spiritual birth, beyond the physical urges of life. The reality of this step is not just a mental, intellectual one, it comes through experiencing spiritual life, physically in the body. It is at this point that breath and focus become so important, for the stage is set for an integration of the higher chakras with the energy center of spiritual birth and transformation - the heart center. Each chakra in the body responds to the sound structure of particular syllables chanted in isolation. Mantras that consist of a sequence of syllables may have a shifting of focus for each syllable; for instance from the crown to the throat to the heart chakras. On the other hand the focus for the sequence of sacred syllables may remain fixed on one 3 chakra, and from this location their collective energies are dispersed internally to other energy centers. Each form will be described later as they serve different purposes. Mantra can also work independently of breath. The internal sound in your mind can extend over several breaths, and this introduces a sense of precision as to how mantra is used. The energy encased in the vibrational structure of mantra works on multidimensional levels within the mind and body. When you are distracted by thought processes in meditation, mantra has the effect of bringing you back to the stillness, and supports you not participating in the thought processes that naturally arise. In these instances of mantra use, the internal sound of the mantra can resonate independently of breath – lasting for several breaths or only for one breath. It comes and goes just as it comes and goes. That is all, and the purpose is to cut through the distractions of thought and bring your attention back to sitting quietly in meditation. In this way the mantra is said to protect the mind from the mind. The combinations of different sounds have different effects when you move from the external form to the inner experience. The external form is when you chant the mantra out loud. The next step is to form the sound of the mantra without chanting it out loud. This is a prelude to the penultimate step of thinking the mantra silently within. The final step is not to think at all, nor is it to shape the sound of the mantra with precise tongue positions inside the mouth. You allow it to arise spontaneously from within. The same mantra thus has four levels of experience, which move you progressively from external form to transcendental experience, from the periphery of true expression to the essence of it. The four levels of mantra and the fifth level of accompanying silence draw their shape from archetypal structure, which is why mantra is such a powerful vehicle of transformation. It integrates you with deep inner consciousness, from whence it came. The different mantras, and the levels within each mantra, vibrate on different wavelengths. Thus each mantra affects specific parts of your cells, body, mind and being, producing connection and transformation. The four levels of mantra bring about a deeper integration and interconnection of separated systems in our beings, permitting a free flow of energy between physical and metaphysical systems. In other words energy is eventually experienced as primordial, undifferentiated essence, and thought, form and sound merge in the sophisticated science of mantra. 4 The most widely known form of mantra is the omniscient, sacred syllable OM. It is a primordial sound, inherent in the Universe, and when you go deep inside that is the sound that is supposed to be heard, spontaneously arising. After OM is chanted out loud on the out-breath there is a pause and a long silence, and its internal sound in your mind can extend over several breaths. The sound of OM allows a statement of an individual's potential for oneness and wholeness to be put out into the Universe. The Universe is one and whole, and responds to the resonance of OM in the silence of the answering in- breath. The Universe always replies “Yes” – “Yes, you are one and whole.” This secures a foundation for the next issuing forth of OM. You then move to other levels of mantra, until eventually it may spontaneously arise from within. Mantra is a deepening form of meditation. It is frequently accompanied by a corresponding focus on color and symbol. The vibrational frequencies inherent in different colors and symbols, prepare the way for the mantra's wavelength to penetrate deeper into inner consciousness. The repetition of the mantra is a way to enter stillness and unify yourself with Universal Divinity; so that the microcosm of the individual is united with the macrocosm of Universal Consciousness. Mantra provides an integrating power between mind, heart, body, soul and consciousness, as an alignment is produced that lies beyond thought and imagery. It takes you away from self-consciousness, mental clutter and ego centered preoccupations into a stillness that allows inner consciousness to rise up and integrate with awareness. OM Mantra OM as mantra has four phases. In Sanskrit there are three letters A, U, M and a following silence that constitutes OM, Divinity without limitations. As it is practised in meditation, the components - A, U, M - denote at one level the impure state of the meditator. At the same time the undifferentiated OM is pure Universal consciousness. It is the necessary silence between the ending and the new beginning of each OM, that enables you to abandon self-consciousness and personal afflictions, allowing the exalted nature of Universal mind to become part of your transformation. OM is the sound/resonance/vibration of infinite Divine reality. As a totality of undifferentiated, pure consciousness we can think of it as the Macrocosm, the seeds of which are present 5 as potential in every individual as the Microcosm, though this is mostly unknown and unseen. From this perspective, every person contains all aspects of existence as potential – from the grossest physical level to the highest, most subtle spiritual level.
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