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Sea-Level Related Molluscan Plankton Events (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) During the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of the North Sea Basin

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Sea-Level Related Molluscan Plankton Events (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) During the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of the North Sea Basin Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 83 (3): 199-208 (2004) Sea-level related molluscan plankton events (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) during the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of the North Sea Basin K. Giirs1 & A.W. Janssen2 1 Landesamt fur Natur und Umwelt Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburger Chaussee 25, D-24220 Flintbek, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; currently: 12Triq tal'Hamrija, XewkijaVCT 110, Gozo, Malta. E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: February 2004; accepted: September 2004 G Abstract Spacio-temporal distribution patterns of North Sea Basin Early Oligocene (Rupelian) pteropoda (holoplanktonic gastropods: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) are studied. These patterns indicate three short term invasions of a single pteropod species during the Rupelian. These invasions are indicated here as Clio blinkae Event, Praehyalocylis laxeannulata Event and Clio jacobae Event. The conspicuously short occurrences of the species, their abundances and some lithological features of the pteropod bearing strata lead to the conclusion that these plankton events are linked to sea level high-stands allowing currents from the worlds oceans to enter into the North Sea Basin. Keywords: Pteropoda, Rupelian, Oligocene, North Sea Basin, palaeogeography, biostratigraphy Introduction is recorded from the eastern parts of Germany and western parts of Poland only. Pteropoda are a young group of Mollusca, the oldest The second group of pteropods, the cavolinioids, records dating back not earlier than Late Paleocene are predominantly stenotherm warm water species: (Janssen, 2004). Their pelagic way of life and the fast most of the Recent species become very rare in higher evolution of many groups make them to excellent latitudes. Four species are known from the North Sea biostratigraphic markers. They are also successfully Basin Early Oligocene: Creseis cincta (Koenen 1892), applied in palaeogeography. Praehyalocylis laxeannulata (Ludwig 1864), Clio blinkae In the Early Oligocene pteropod assemblages of the (Janssen 1989) and Clio jacobae (Janssen 1989). All North Sea Basin two superfamilies are distinguished: these species have short stratigraphical ranges and Limacinoidea and Cavolinioidea (Janssen, 2003).The some are restricted to very thin levels within the sites. limacinoids are the most common pteropods in the So it was a challenge to differentiate single events, Cainozoic record of the North Sea Basin. Eight species look if they correlate over a long distance and try to occur in the Early Oligocene of the North Sea Basin, give an interpretation for those events. i.e. Heliconoides dilatata (Koenen 1892), H. hospes Additionally, as yet unidentified pteropods are (Rolle 1861), H. plana (Tembrock 1964), Limacina known from the Berg Sand (Janssen & King 1988), acutimarginata (Korobkov 1966), L. conica (Koenen the Kleine Spouwen (Janssen 1979) and Boom Clay 1892), L. lotschi (Tembrock 1989), L. mariae Janssen (Bosch & Janssen, 1990) members in Belgium. 1989 and L. umbilicata (Bornemann 1855). H. plana Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 83(3) 2004 199 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 26 Sep 2021 at 15:09:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600020278 Z2 land shallow sea (inner shelf) H deeper neritic (outer shelf) I oceanic conditions ? uncertain marine connections Fig. 1. Pteropod sites and paleogeography during 'Rupel 2' time after Blazchishin, 1991, modified. 1. Rupelian type area, northern Belgium. 2. Grimmertingen, Brabant, B. 3 Winterswijk, Gelderland, NL. 4. Haaksbergen drilling, Overijssel, NL. 5. Ruinerwold, deWijk-19 drilling, Drenthe, NL. 6. Opende-1 drilling, Groningen, NL. 7. Ankum, Lower Saxony, D. 8. Neuengamme near Hamburg, Lower-Saxony, D. 9. Wienerberger claypit at Mallifi, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, D. 10. Schonberg/Mecklenburg drilling, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, D. 11. Monchneversdorf drilling, Schleswig-Holstein, D. 12. Rote Kate drilling, Schleswig-Holstein, D. 13. FIBO clay pit at 01st, East Jutland, DK. 14. Arhus, East Jutland, DK 15. Joachimstal, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, D. 16. Leipzig Bay, Saxonia, D. 17. Hohenkirchen, Hesse, D. 18. Offenbach, Hesse, D. 19. Wallau, Hesse, D. 20. Alzey, Rheinland-Pfalz, D. 21. Nierstein and Bodenheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, D. 22. Grofisachsen near Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, D. 23. Morigny, St. Hilaire, Pierrefitte, south of Paris, F. Material and methods differing apertural margin and slower increasing dia­ meter of the whorls (illustration in Koenen, 1892: 994, The distributional patterns of pteropoda of Early 995, pi. 62, figs. 3a-b, 4a-c, as Spinalis dilatata). Oligocene borehole sections and outcrops from the North Sea Basin and adjacent areas (Fig. 1) were Heliconoides hospes (Rolle 1861) studied. This study is mainly based on our personal Small species with a low conical shell, distinctly wider observations over the years, as well as on existing than high, circular to subcircular transverse section of literature. The occurrences of the separate species the whorls, apertural margin reinforced by a rather were dated as exactly as possible. suddenly widening of the shell wall (illustration in Janssen, 1984: 63, 69, pi. 2, fig. la-d, as Limacina These data were compared for each of the indivi­ hospes). dual species. The time coherence of the occurrences was checked. The results are discussed below. The Heliconoides plana (Tembrock 1964) following species are discussed here. They will be Small planispiral species with regularly increasing characterized and illustrated in a forthcoming paper, whorls and very slightly concave apical plane, a wide but reference is made here to illustrations in the exis­ umbilicus and an apertural margin with a distinct ting literature. ridge; differing from both L. lotschi and L. mariae by its smaller size and reinforced apertural margin (illus­ Super-family Limacinoidea tration in Tembrock, 1964: 334, pi. 3. figs.2-3, repre­ Family Limacinidae senting incomplete or juvenile specimens, as Spiratella plana). Heliconoides dilatata (Koenen 1892) Small species with a conical shell, slightly wider than Limacina acutimarginata (Korobkov, 1966) high, and a subcircular transverse section of the whorls, Medium sized species with an almost convolute, apertural margin reinforced by a distinct ridge; regularly coiled shell, concave apical plane, strongly differing from Heliconoides hospes by its higher shell, laterally compressed transverse section of the whorls 200 Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 83(3) 2004 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 26 Sep 2021 at 15:09:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600020278 and distinct umbilicus; differing from L. umbilicata by Praehyalocylis laxeannulata (Ludwig 1864) a strong carina on the apical side of the whorls (illus­ Medium sized to large species (height to 20 mm) with tration in Moths, 2000:40, pi. 13, fig. 9a-b, as Limacina uncoiled, conical tubiform shell, circular in transverse umbilicata). section, distinct ornament of more or less regular rings and frequently with stepwise increasing shell dia­ Limacina conica (Koenen 1892) meter. Protoconch elongated bulbiform, apical shell Small species with a high conical, regularly coiled shell, part smooth. The nomenclature of this taxon still has distinctly higher than wide; differing from H. hospes to be cleared. Several other names are available and H. dilatata by the higher shell and the lack of a (illustration in Moths, 2000: 40, pi. 13, fig. 10). reinforced apertural margin (illustration in Koenen, 1892: 994, pi. 62, figs. 5a-b, 6a-b, as Spinalis conica). Family Clioidae Limacina lotschi (Tembrock 1989) Clio blinkae Janssen 1989 Small species with a planispiral shell, first whorl wider Large species (height to 15 mm) with uncoiled, coni­ than the second, otherwise regularly coiled, with a cal, dorso-ventrally compressed shell, lateral margins slightly concave apical plane, whorls with laterally com­ with obtuse carinae, apical shell part strongly bent pressed transverse section, wide umbilicus; differing dorsally, nearly circular in transsection, ventral side of from L. mariae by the coiling of the first whorls, more adapical shell portion nearly flat, dorsal side strongly compressed transverse section of the whorls and a wider convex with distinct central area, distinguished from umbilicus (illustration in Janssen, 1989: 107, pi. 3, C.jacobae by the strongly bent, less slender apical shell figs 1-3, pi. 4, fig. 1, as Limacina jessyae Janssen 1989). part and the strongly convex dorsal side (illustration in Janssen, 1989: 124, pi. 7, figs. 8-14). Limacina mariae Janssen 1989 Small species with a planispiral, regularly coiled shell, Clio jacobae Janssen 1989 slightly concave apical plane, laterally compressed Medium sized species (height to c. 6 mm) with transverse section of the whorls and wide umbilicus; uncoiled, conical, dorso-ventrally compressed shell, differing from L. lotschi by a relatively higher shell, lateral margins with carinae, lenticular in transverse narrower umbilicus and faster increasing diameter of section, ventral and dorsal sides of adapical shell the whorls (illustration in Janssen, 1989:
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