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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LOMAS DE ZAMORA MAESTRIA EN FLORICULTURA "Bases para un programa de mejoramiento genético en Alstroemeria" Tesis presentada por el Ing. Agr. Conrado A. Pakoca para optar por el título de Magister en Floricultura 2014 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Instituto de Floricultura CIRN INTA A la Cooperativa Argentina de Floricultores Ltda ÍNDICE GENERAL Resumen 1 Abstract 3 1 Introducción 5 1.1 Floricultura en Argentina ........................ 5 1.2 Historia del cultivo de Alstroemeria en Argentina ........... 6 1.3 Sistemática y distribución geográfica del género Alstroemeria . 11 1.4 Morfología y biología floral ....................... 13 1.5 Cariotipo ................................. 16 1.6 La hibridación interespecífica y el rescate de embriones como es- trategia del mejoramiento de Alstroemeria . 19 2 Objetivos 25 2.1 Objetivo general ............................. 25 2.2 Hipótesis ................................. 25 2.3 Objetivos específicos .......................... 25 3 Materiales y Métodos 27 3.1 Material vegetal ............................. 27 3.2 Evaluaciones preliminares ....................... 29 3.2.1 Estimación de la viabilidad del polen . 29 3.2.2 Evaluación del crecimiento del tubo polínico . 30 3.3 Cruzamientos dirigidos ......................... 32 3.3.1 Crecimiento del ovario post polinización . 32 3.4 Rescate de óvulos in vitro ........................ 33 3.4.1 Caracterización del crecimiento de los óvulos in vitro . 34 3.4.2 Desarrollo de brotes, raíces y aclimatación . 35 3.4.3 Coeficiente de eficiencia reproductiva . 35 3.5 Estimación del contenido relativo de ADN por citometría de flujo . 36 3.6 Registro ................................. 37 4 Resultados y Discusión 39 4.1 Evaluaciones Preliminares ....................... 39 4.1.1 Estimación de la viabilidad del polen . 39 4.1.2 Evaluación del crecimiento del tubo polínico . 40 i 4.2 Cruzamientos dirigidos ......................... 44 4.2.1 Crecimiento del ovario post polinización . 44 4.3 Rescate de óvulos in vitro ........................ 45 4.3.1 Caracterización del crecimiento de los óvulos in vitro . 45 4.3.2 Germinación in vitro ....................... 49 4.3.3 Análisis conjunto del crecimiento de los ovarios post polini- zación, caracterización de los óvulos, germinación in vitro y producción de plántulas .................... 52 4.3.4 Coeficiente de eficiencia reproductiva (CER) . 56 4.3.5 Desarrollo brotes, raíces y aclimatación . 59 4.4 Caracterización del contenido relativo de ADN mediante citometría de flujo .................................. 63 5 Conclusiones Generales 69 Bibliografía Consultada 71 ii INDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1 Variedades y número de plantas introducidas en la primera importación de Alstroemeria para producción de flor de corte en la Argentina (1996) ...................... 7 Tabla 2 Variedades de Alstroemeria clasificadas por su porcentaje de participación y empresas fitomejoradoras presentes en el mer- cado a finales del año 2008. ................... 10 Tabla 3 Especies de Alstroemeria nativas de Argentina y su distribu- ción geográfica .......................... 13 Tabla 4 Especies, variedades y lugar de recolección de la colección de Alstroemeria del Instituto de Floricultura . 28 Tabla 5 Porcentaje de viabilidad del polen de las entradas de Alstroe- meria psittacina y las variedades comerciales (%) por el mé- todo de Greissl (1989) ...................... 40 Tabla 6 Germinación del polen y crecimiento del tubo polínico en cru- zamientos entre Alstroemeria psittacina, A. aurea y variedades comerciales. ............................ 42 Tabla 7 Volumen del ovario a 5 y 14 DPP (mm3) en cruzamientos en- tre especies y variedades de Alstroemeria: valores mínimos y máximos en cada grupo de cruzamientos . 47 Tabla 8 Crecimiento de los óvulos (ECO) a diferentes edades al res- cate (DPP) en diferentes combinaciones (%) . 48 Tabla 9 Germinación de óvulos (%) respecto al total de óvulos involu- crados en la polinización de todos los cruzamientos por com- binación. .............................. 51 Tabla 10 Combinaciones en las que se obtuvo germinación de embrio- nes en rescates realizados a diferentes tiempos post polinización 53 Tabla 11 Volumen teórico del ovario al rescate (VTOR) en mm3 a 14 DPP en ‘Belvedere’ × 20090602A4 y 'Belvedere' × 20091009B1 y sus recíprocos. 54 Tabla 12 Volumen teórico del ovario al rescate (VTOR) en mm3 de ‘Vir- ginia’ × 20091009B1 y ‘Virginia’ × 20100729C1 en rescates a 5 y 14 DPP en cruzamientos cuyos óvulos rescatados no germinaron ............................. 56 iii Tabla 13 Cruzamientos totales (Nº), cruzamientos que produjeron óvu- los que germinaron (Nº) y cruzamientos de los cuales se ob- tuvo plantas (Nº) para cada el estado de crecimiento del óvulo (ECO) observado a los 30 días de cultivo in vitro . 56 Tabla 14 Coeficiente de eficiencia reproductiva (CER) para ’Belvedere’, ‘Virginia’, 10#233 (A. aurea) y 10#263 (A. psittacina) en dife- rentes combinaciones. ...................... 58 Tabla 15 Número de cruzamientos, número de óvulos rescatados, nú- mero de embriones germinados, número de plantas obtenidas y porcentaje de plantas obtenidas respecto al número de óvu- los rescatados y al de óvulos germinados en rescates a 5 y 14 DPP ................................ 61 Tabla 17 Diferencia entre especies, variedades e híbridos respecto al trigo ‘Chinese Spring’ en el contenido relativo de ADN evalua- do por DAPI. ............................ 64 iv ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Entrada 20081107I1, A. psittacina en el sitio de recolección Entrada a Santa Ana, Pcia. Corrientes, 27°27040:600 58°4101800 72 msnm. ............................. 27 Figura 2 Parcela de cultivo de variedades de Alstroemeria en el IF . 29 Figura 3 Cruzamientos identificados sobre Alstroemeria psittacina . 33 Figura 4 Medición de largo y ancho en ovarios de ‘Diamond’ en cruza- mientos con 20081107I1 (A. psittacina) rescatados a 5 DPP (168,169) y 20090602A4 (A. psittacina) en cruzamientos con ‘Belvedere’ rescatados a 14 DPP (149, 160) . 34 Figura 5 A Granos de polen viables (Vi) y no viables (NoVi) por el méto- do de Greissl correspondientes a 20090611Z1 (A. psittacina) B Granos de polen no viables de ‘Sacha’ . 41 Figura 6 Crecimiento de tubos polínicos A serpenteante y B errático del tubo polínico a 2 DPP en ‘Diamond’ × 20081107I1. C Tubos polínicos en la línea de abscisión del estilo, separado del ova- rio en ‘Sacha’ × 20081107I1. Barra=50 µm. 43 Figura 7 Crecimiento del tubo polínico a 2DPP, A terminaciones globo- sas anormales en la mitad del estilo, en ‘Sacha’ × 20081107I1 y B en ‘Fuego’ × 20090611Z1, C Crecimiento serpenteante del tubo polínico en el ovario con variación del diámetro en 20081107I1 × ‘Jive’ Barra=50 µm. 44 Figura 8 A Crecimiento serpenteante del tubo polínico en la zona mi- cropilar a 2 DPP en ‘Diamond’ × 20090602Z2. Barra=40 µm B Deposición de calosa en la región de la chalaza y funículo en ‘Fuego’ × ‘Belvedere’ Barra=200 µm. 45 Figura 9 Estado de crecimiento de los óvulos. (a) ECO 1, 2 y 3 (b) ECO 4 48 Figura 10 A Embrión germinado, 20091009B1(*) × ‘Belvedere’, resca- te a 14 DPP y 103 días de cultivo in vitro. (*) A. psittacina.B Embrión germinado, 20091009B1(*) × ‘Belvedere’, rescate a 19 DPP y 82 días de cultivo in vitro. (*) A. psittacina. C Em- brión germinado, 20090602A4(*) × 20081107I1(*), rescate a 25 DPP y 70 días de cultivo in vitro. (*) A. psittacina . 52 Figura 11 A Plántula, ‘Belvedere’×10#263(*), rescate a 8 DPP y 112 días de cultivo in vitro. (*) A. psittacina B Plántula, ‘Virginia’ × 20091009B1(*), rescate a 14 DPP y 105 días de cultivo in vitro. (*) A. psittacina. ....................... 60 v Figura 12 A Planta en aclimatación, ‘Virginia’ × 20091009B1(*), resca- te a 14 DPP 200 días de cultivo in vitro y 14 días en ma- ceta. (*) A. psittacina B Planta en aclimatación, ‘Virginia’ × 20091009B1(*), rescate a 14 DPP 227 días de cultivo in vitro y 137 días en maceta. (*) A. psittacina . 61 Figura 13 Flores de 20091009B1 (A. psittacina) (izquierda), 'Virginia' × 20091009B1 -cruzamiento 11-1052-(centro) y 'Virginia' (dere- cha) ................................. 65 Figura 14 Inflorescencias de 20091009B1 (A. psittacina) (izquierda), 'Vir- ginia' × 20091009B1 -cruzamiento 11-1052-(centro) y 'Virgi- nia' (derecha) ........................... 65 Figura 15 Contenido relativo de ADN obtenido por citometría de flujo de A 20091009B1 (A. psittacina) (1), ‘Virginia’×20091009B1- cru- zamiento 11-1051 (2) y ‘Virginia’ (3) . 66 Figura 16 Contenido relativo de ADN obtenido por citometría de flujo de 20091009B1 (A. psittacina) (1), ‘Virginia’ × 20091009B1, cru- zamiento 11-1052 (2), y ‘Virginia’ (3) . 67 Figura 17 Contenido relativo de ADN obtenido por citometría de flujo de 20091009B1 (A. psittacina) (1), ‘Belvedere’×20091009B1 cru- zamiento 11-1058 (2) y ‘Belvedere’ (3) . 68 vi LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS 1-NAA 2-(1-Naphthyl)acetic acid ó Acido 1-Naftalen Acetico ó Acido alfa naftalen acético 2-4D Acido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético 6-BA N-benciladenina ó N-bencil-7H-purin-6-amina. Sin= BA, BAP ADN Acido desoxiribonucleico CAF Cooperativa Argentina de Floricultores Ltda. CER Coeficiente de Eficiencia Reproductiva CETEFFHO Centro Tecnológico en Floricultura Fruticultura y Hor- ticultura DAPI 2-(4-amidinofenil)-1H -indol-6-carboxamidina DPP Días Post Polinización ECO Estado de crecimiento del óvulo FAA Formol-Acido Acético-Alcohol FDA Diacetato de fluoresceina GA3 Acido Giberelico GISH Genomic In Situ Hybridization IBA Acido Indol 3-butírico INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria MS Murashigue-Skoog
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  • The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and Neighbouring Areas Alstroemeriaceae En Perú Y Áreas Vecinas Anton Hofreiter1 and Eric F

    The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and Neighbouring Areas Alstroemeriaceae En Perú Y Áreas Vecinas Anton Hofreiter1 and Eric F

    Rev. peru. biol. 13(1): 005 - 069 (octubre 2006) ALSTROEMERIACEAE IN PERU © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Versión Online ISSN 1727-9933 ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN The Alstroemeriaceae in Peru and neighbouring areas Alstroemeriaceae en Perú y áreas vecinas Anton Hofreiter1 and Eric F. Rodríguez2 1 Ludwig-Maximilians- Abstract Universität, Department Biologie I, Bereich Biodi- The family Alstroemeriaceae with special emphasis in Peru is revised using versitätsforschung, morphological and distributional data. Species in this family were reinvestigated on Abteilung Systematische the basis of all types, material housed in several herbaria and five field trips, each of Botanik, Menzingerstraße which lasted several weeks, were undertaken to South America to study the plants in 67, D-80638 München, Germany. the field. The taxonomic and collection history of the genus is described and for each species the typical growth forms and their variability, habitat preferences and general Anton Hofreiter e-mail: [email protected] distribution are discussed. A key to determine the species of Peru in English and Spanish is provided. The study area comprise five geographic units recognised: 2 Herbarium Truxillense Amotape-Huancabamba-region (Ecuador, Peru), Cordillera Occidental (Peru), Cordi- (HUT), Universidad Nacio- nal de Trujillo, Jr. San Mar- llera Central (Peru), Cordillera Oriental (Bolivia, Peru) and the Altiplano (Bolivia, Peru). tín 392, Trujillo, Perú, The family as here circumscribed comprises two species of Alstroemeria and 68 Eric F. Rodríguez e-mail: species of Bomarea, of these 68 species 43 species are members of subgenus [email protected] Bomarea, 9 species of subgenus Sphaerine and 16 of the subgenus Wichuraea. The fourth and last subgenus into Bomarea genus denominated Baccata cannot be found in the area of this study.
  • Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project: a Compilation of the Annual Reports on New Plant Naturalisations in South Australia 2010-2016

    Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project: a Compilation of the Annual Reports on New Plant Naturalisations in South Australia 2010-2016

    State Herbarium of South Australia Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Economic & Sustainable Development Group Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project: A compilation of the annual reports on new plant naturalisations in South Australia 2010-2016 Chris J. Brodie, Helen P. Vonow, Peter D. Canty, Peter J. Lang, Jürgen Kellermann & Michelle Waycott 2017 This document is a compilation of the Regional Landscape Surveillance reports by the State Herbarium of South Australia, covering the financial years 2009/10 to 2015/16. The reports are republished unchanged. The original page numbering has been retained. Each report should be cited as originally published. The correct citation is indicated on the back of the cover page of each report. This compilation should be cited as: Brodie, C.J.1, Vonow, H.P.1, Canty, P.D.1, Lang, P.J.1, Kellermann, J.1,2 & Waycott, M.1,2 (2017). Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project: A compilation of the annual reports on new plant naturalisations in South Australia 2010-2016. (State Herbarium of South Australia: Adelaide). Authors’ addresses: 1 State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR), GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA 5001. 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005. ISBN 978-1-922027-51-1 (PDF) Published and available on Enviro Data SA data.environment.sa.gov.au With the exception of images and other material protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, the content of this publications is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • 2019–2020 Seed Exchange Catalog 1 Agastache – Allium

    2019–2020 Seed Exchange Catalog 1 Agastache – Allium

    MID-ATLANTIC GROUP 2019 –2020 Seed Exchange Catalog The 26th annual edition of the Seed Exchange Our Seed Donors Catalog includes 868 seed donations contrib- Catalog listed seed was generously contributed by our members. Where the initial source name is followed by “/”and other member uted by 54 gardeners, from beginners to pro- names, the latter identifies those who actually selected, collected, fessionals. Over 126 new plants were donated cleaned, and then provided descriptions to the members who pre- pared the catalog. If a donor reported their zone, you will find it in for the first time. As you can see, this seed parenthesis. Our sincere thanks to our donors—they make this Seed program includes new plants not previously Exchange possible. offered as well as old favorites. Axel, Laura 3132 Maher, Carole 3176 (7a) Bartlett, John 45 Mahony, Peter 590 (7a) We’re sure you’ll enjoy perusing this year’s Bartram’s Garden 9975 Malarek, David 2608 selections and you will find plants your gar- Berger, Clara 65 Malocsay, Jan-Paul 592 (6) Biderman/Barron 43 Marzocco, Sharon 1066 den can’t do without! Since some listed seed Bittmann, Frank 2937 (6a) Matlack, Nancy 3616 is in short supply, you are encouraged to Bowditch, Margaret 84 McGowan, Brian 3666 Boylan, Rebecca 2137 McShane, Nadeen 627 place your order early. Bricker, Matthew 2429 Nachlas, Sally 2621 Carey, Jenny Rose 1918 Norfolk Botanical staff 1999 (8a) Chapman, Marcia Perron, William 3321 (6) Our Catalog Staff Cresson, Charles 199 (7) Plant Delights 32 The HPS members who have worked to produce this catalog, Creveling, Beth 200 (7) Roper, Lisa 9968 over the last three months, form a talented and dedicated DeMarco, Loretta 215 (7b) Scofield, Connie 1585 group to whom we are all grateful.

  • Genetic Diversity of Wild Species and Cultivated Varieties of Alstroemeria Estimated Through Morphological Descriptors and RAPD

    Genetic diversity of wild species and cultivated varieties of alstroemeria estimated through morphological descriptors and RAPD markers§ Danilo Aros *, Claudio Meneses, Rodrigo Infante Facultad de Ciencias Agrono´micas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 1.004, Santiago, Chile Abstract In order to estimate the genetic diversity within the Alstroemeriaceae family, nine wild alstroemeria accessions, 10 commercial varieties and the monotype Leontochir ovallei were evaluated using two different methods, RAPD analysis and UPOVs morphological descriptors. DNA from leaves, roots and tepals were analyzed by RAPDs with eight primers that generated 236 RAPD bands. Dendrograms obtained allowed identification of five main clusters: A. garaventae alone, wild alstroemerias, commercial varieties, A. exserens and A. spathulata together, and L. ovallei. Twenty- five morphological descriptors related to stem, leaf and inflorescence characteristics were evaluated and a resulting dendrogram was analyzed containing two main clusters: one grouping all commercial varieties plus A. magnifica ssp. magnifica and the other one with the rest of the wild alstroemerias. With both methods, enough informative information data was obtained to place the wild alstroemerias and commercial varieties hierarchically in different clusters. In this respect, morphological analysis grouped all commercial varieties closer to each other. Also, morphological descriptors grouped all wild alstroemerias except A. magnifica ssp. magnifica, whereas RAPD markers grouped seven out of the nine wild alstroemerias, leaving in another cluster A. garaventae, A. exserens and A. spathulata. These results suggest that also in alstroemeria, RAPD markers are a useful tool for the protection of new releases from a breeding program. Keywords: Alstroemeriaceae; Wild alstroemeria; Commercial varieties; Accession; Dendrogram and cluster 1.