DOCSLIB.ORG

Material Comparison for a Bicycle Crank Set-Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Material Comparison for a Bicycle Crank Set-Final Weight Reduction Case Study of a Premium Road Bicycle Crank Arm Set by Implementing Beralcast® 310 By: Sean Sullivan Chris Huskamp, IBC Advanced Alloys Date: March 4, 2013 Overview The crank set is the device responsible for converting the bicycle rider’s human power to rotational mechanical power. The crank set travels in a clockwise motion, propelling the bicycle forward. Figure 1 shows the first 180º of a complete crank rotation along with the corresponding torque curve. 180º was chosen because this represents the “power stroke”, the remaining portion of the crank rotation is the “dead stroke.” The dead stroke refers to the fact that no torque is generated by the crank, assuming pedal straps are not used. The two cranks which make up the complete crank set are 180º out of phase which allows for a continuous transfer of torque. As Figure 1 illustrates, the torque increases to a maximum at 90º and begins decreasing until once again reaching zero at 180º. The torque curve assumes that the rider applies a constant pedal force. In reality, the applied force drops off as the rider’s leg extends and the torque curve does not possess perfect symmetry about the 90º point. Therefore, the first 90º are of specific interest when examining the loading conditions. There are three main loading conditions which the crank undergoes: axial torque (torque transmitted to the bicycle’s wheel), side torque (bending the crank arm out, in, or twisting), and combined torque (combination of side and axial torque). The maximums for these conditions are: 0º for side torque, 45º for combined torque, and 90º for axial torque. Figures 2 to 4 show the free body diagrams and FEA stress distribution. Side bending on the crank arm without any torque being transferred to the bicycle wheel Figure 2: Maximum side torque at 0º. Side bending Twisting Axial bending Figure 3: Maximum combined torque at 45º. Twisting Axial bending Figure 4: Maximum Axial Torque at 90º Shimano Dura-Ace Crank Set The particular crank set examined in this study is the Shimano Dura-Ace crank set pictured in Figure 5. B A Figure 5-Shimano Dura-Ace Crank Set The individual crank arms are hollow forgings composed of 7050-T651 aluminum. The “sprocket arm” (Figure 5-A) is composed of a one piece arm and central hub. A sprocket ring bolts to the five central arms of the hub and is responsible for transferring torque to the bicycle’s rear wheel. The sprocket arm has an axle which passes through a bearing assembly on the bicycle’s frame. The “straight arm” (Figure 5-B) mounts to the axle by means of a splined hole which is tightly pinched on the axle end by tightening Project Definition This study explores the Shimano Dura-Ace crank set in the following manner: 1. Produce 3D CAD models of both crank arms. 2. Perform FE analysis on the crank arms based on the standard 7050-T651 aluminum; this establishes a baseline strength and weight. 3. Substitute the 7050-T651 Al with extruded Beralcast 310 alloy and observe the improvements in displacement and weight over the baseline figures. 4. Show the potential weight savings by creating alternative versions of the straight arm and compare them to the measured weight of the actual part. The following will first describe the CAD and FEA models created for the project and then outline the results obtained from the FE analysis. CAD Models Figure 6 shows photo renderings of the 3D CAD models. The models were created based on measurements of actual pieces. As mentioned previously, the two crank arms are hollow. However, because the internal geometry is not known, the CAD models are solid. The sprocket arm was modeled without the sprocket ring to simplify the FE analysis. This has no substantial effect on the final results. A B Figure 6: CAD models of the Shimano Dura-Ace crank arms FEA Models The FEA model of the straight arm is shown in Figure 7. 1.75in 500 lb. Remote Load Fixed Geometry Figure 7-Straight Arm FEA Model A fixed geometry constraint is applied to the inner surface of the axle mounting hole. The 500lb load is remotely applied to the inner surface of the pedal mounting hole. This load is located 1.75 in from the centerline of the crank arm (at the pedal mounting surface) and is concentric to the mounting hole; this simulates the use of a pedal. 500lb is beyond a reasonable design load and was chosen because it would produce noticeable displacements for comparison between the 7050-T651 Al and 310 Beralcast. A solid mesh was used. Since the study concerns a general comparison of materials, a course mesh was used to speed the simulation process. By changing the angle of the remote load, three different FEA models were produced to simulate the crank arm at the 0°, 45°, and 90° positions. The sprocket arm FEA models were similar to the straight arm versions, with only the application of the fixed constraint being different. Figure 8 shows that for the 0° position the fixed geometry was applied to the axle mounting hole, while for the 45° and 90° cases the fixed constraints were applied to the sprocket ring mounting holes. Fixed at axle mounting hole for 0° Fixed at sprocket ring mounting holes for 45° and 90° Figure 8-Sprocket Arm FEA Model Results Material Substitution: The first part of the study concerns the direct substitution of 7050-T651 Al with Beralcast 310. As mentioned previously, the crank arms are hollow forgings but the internal geometry is not known and was therefore not modeled. Figure 9 shows the deformed stress plot of the straight crank arm. Graph 1 outlines the final results of the substitution of Beralcast 310. The focus is on the relative differences between the two materials, therefore all of the results are shown as a percent difference. Figure 10 shows the deformed stress plot of the sprocket crank arm along with Graph 2 which displays the corresponding results. 0° 45° 90° Figure 9: Deformed stress plot of the straight crank arm. Straight Crank Arm Results 60.00% 42.86% 40.00% Weight Reduction = 26.64% 20.00% 7.54% 9.09% 0.00% 0° 45° 90° -20.00% Max Displacement Max Stress -40.00% -60.00% -67.54% -67.91% -67.06% -80.00% Graph 1: Straight crank arm results 0° 45° 90° Figure 10: Deformed stress plot of the sprocket crank arm. Sprocket Crank Arm Results 60.00% 50.26% Weight Reduction = 26.64% 35.22% 40.00% 24.81% 20.00% 0.00% 0° 45° 90° -20.00% Max Displacement Max Stress -40.00% -60.00% -67.21% -68.00% -67.80% -80.00% Graph 2: Sprocket crank arm results The deformed plots of Figure 9 and 10 show the characteristic side bending at 0°, combined side bending-axial bending-twist at 45°, and the axial bending-twist at 90°. Substituting Beralcast 310 produces a weight reduction of 26.64%, this is a direct result of 310’s lower density. There is a corresponding increase in stress ranging from 8 to 50%, the large variance is due to stress concentrations and FEA model accuracies. The increase in stress is expected given the Beralcast 310’s superior stiffness compared to 7050-T651 Al. This difference is most apparent in the 67 to 68% reduction in maximum displacement. Alternative Designs: For the second part of the study, the model of the standard Dura-Ace straight crank arm was modified in five unique ways to show the potential weight savings. The model weight is compared to the part’s actual weight of 0.3929lb (this is excluding all auxiliary hardware) which accounts for the internal cavity for the hollow forging process used by the Manufacturer. The maximum displacements are compared to the FEA 7050-T651 Al displacements: 0° = 0.069in, 45° = 0.0561in, 90° = 0.0422. An overview of the five unique models is outlined in Figure 11. Figure 11: Alternative design options overview. Below is a brief description of each separate crank arm, as well as the FEA results. Profile Reduction: 0° 45° 90° Max Stress (kpsi) 31.5 30.4 29.8 Max Displacement (in) 0.0404 0.0385 0.0362 % Difference Displacement -41.45% -31.37% -14.22% Weight (lb) 0.34894 % Difference Weight -11.19% The side and bottom profiles were reduced to produce a thinner overall shape. The weight is reduced by nearly 11% compared to the actual part. Pocket: Max Stress (kpsi) 30.9 29.9 28.8 Max Displacement (in) 0.0422 0.0341 0.0151 % Difference Displacement -38.84% -39.22% -64.22% Weight (lb) 0.33874 % Difference Weight -13.78% A pocket was created on the back side of the standard crank arm, leaving a shear plane on the forward face of the part. The weight is reduced by nearly 14% compared to the actual part with a 38 to 64% increase in stiffness. I-Beam: 0° 45° 90° Max Stress (kpsi) 32.5 31.7 30.6 Max Displacement (in) 0.0474 0.0463 0.04 % Difference Displacement -31.30% -17.47% -5.21% Weight (lb) 0.34959 % Difference Weight -11.02% Pockets were created along the sides on both the front and back to create a sort of I-beam cross section. The center and side supports provide side bending strength while the pocket floors provide axial bending strength. The weight reduction is approximately 0.04lb or 11%. Through Cut: 0° 45° 90° Max Stress (kpsi) 31.1 30.5 29.8 Max Displacement (in) 0.0401 0.0347 0.0246 % Difference Displacement -41.88% -38.15% -41.71% Weight (lb) 0.35388 % Difference Weight -9.93% In this case, contoured through cuts are made along the centerline of the crank arm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Owner's Manual
    IBD-Mountain EN 07-01-19 m0520 © Batch Bicycles Ltd 2019 PLEASE VISIT YOUR AUTHORIZED BATCH RETAILER FOR SERVICE AND QUESTIONS. Batch Bicycles 8889 Gander Creek Dr. Dayton, OH 45342 833.789.8899 batchbicycles.com OWNER’S MANUAL for Mountain Bikes BATCH Limited Warranty We’ve Got You Covered damage, failure, or loss that is caused by improper Owner’s Manual Index Batch Bicycles comes with our industry’s best war- assembly, maintenance, adjustment, storage, or ranty program – Batch Bicycles Service Program. use of the product. This limited warranty does not Safety and Warnings ...........................................................................................2-5 Once your Batch Bicycle is registered, Batch extend to future performance. Bicycles provides each original retail purchaser of a Batch Bicycle a warranty against defects in materi- This Limited Warranty will be void if the prod- Assembly and Parts ..............................................................................................6-18 als and workmanship, as stated below: uct is ever: • Used in any competitive sport Brake System .............................................................................................................. 19-22 General: • Used for stunt riding, jumping, aerobatics or Warranty Part or model specifi cations are subject to change similar activity without notice. • Modifi ed in any way Shift System .................................................................................................................. 23-29 This Limited Warranty
    [Show full text]
  • Shockstop Seatpost Is Fully Adjustable to T You and Your Riding Preference
    4 CHOOSING YOUR SEATPOST SETUP SUGGESTED RIDER WEIGHT SPRING SETUP INITIAL PRELOAD 9 3 The Shockstop seatpost is fully adjustable to t you and your riding preference. Dierent springs can be used to < 110 lb / 50 kg Main Spring Only 1 make large adjustments to the stiness, and then 132lb / 60 kg Main Spring Only 2 SHOCKSTOP SEATPOST ne-tuning can be accomplished by adjusting the preload 154 lb / 70 kg Main Spring Only 3 plug located at the bottom of the seatpost. 176 lb / 80 kg Main Spring Only 4* INSTRUCTIONS 11 2 198 lb / 90 kg Main + Inner Spring 2 The chart shown here is a good starting point, but 220 lb / 100 kg Main + Inner Spring 3 Thanks for choosing the Redshift Sports dierent riders may prefer stier or softer settings 242 lb / 110 kg (max) Main + Inner Spring 4 ShockStop Suspension Seatpost! The 5 than the chart recommends. Riding position and *When using the Main Spring Only, the maximum recommended preload seatpost provides tunable suspension to terrain can also dramatically aect the required preload setting is 4. Riders needing more preload should add the Inner Spring and increase comfort and performance setting, so don’t be afraid to experiment with dierent 10 start at a lower preload setting. during your ride. settings to nd your best ride! This seatpost is dierent than other CHANGING SPRINGS End Cap seatposts, so please read these instructions and warnings completely The ShockStop Seatpost ships with 2 springs – an outer spring which before installing or using the seatpost. If comes pre-installed in the seatpost, and an inner spring which is you are unfamiliar with bike 9 included in the package.
    [Show full text]
  • Adjustments and Settings Electronic Groupsets
    ADJUSTMENTS 1 - ZERO SETTING of the rear derailleur IMPORTANT! Resetting the rear derailleur to zero is a particularly delicate operation and must be carried out when the bicycle is stationary and placed on a stand. This is why it should be conducted only and exclusively by a Campagnolo Service Center, a Campagnolo Pro-shop or a mechanic specialised in mounting EPS groupsets. 1.1 - HOW TO RESET THE REAR DERAILLEUR TO ZERO During the first installation and in some cases when the rear wheel is replaced, if the set of sprockets of the new wheel is very different from the set of sprockets previously installed, it is necessary to conduct a more accurate adjustment by resetting the rear derailleur to zero. • During the resetting, the rear derailleur is shifted con- Left control lever Right control lever tinuously and this depends on how long the levers 2 (B - Fig.1) and 3 (C - Fig.1) , located on the rear derailleur control, are pressed. The position can be changed by even just a hundredth. • All the operations described below must be conducted with the chain placed on the biggest chainring. C Press both MODE buttons on your EPS controls (for appro- mode mode ximately six seconds) until the blue LED turns on (Fig. 1). B Press lever 2 (B - Fig.1) or lever 3 (C - Fig.1) located on the A rear derailleur (Fig. 1). 1 Change the position of the rear derailleur by pressing lever 2 (B - Fig.1) to move up and/or lever 3 (C - Fig.1) to move down, until you centre the chain on the 2nd sprocket (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Collapsible Bicycle Frame Keith Stone Central Washington University, [email protected]
    Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU Mechanical Engineering and Technology Senior Student Scholarship and Creative Works Projects Spring 4-27-2015 Collapsible Bicycle Frame Keith Stone Central Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_met Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Stone, Keith, "Collapsible Bicycle Frame" (2015). Mechanical Engineering and Technology Senior Projects. Book 28. http://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_met/28 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship and Creative Works at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical Engineering and Technology Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. Collapsible Bicycle Frame By Keith Stone Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Motivation ................................................................................................................................... 1 Function Statement ..................................................................................................................... 1 Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 1 Engineering merit.......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gear Up! Reviews: Ortlieb Vario & Carradice Backpack Panniers
    WS E VI E R Bikes • Accessories • Kit Submit a review If you want to submit a review, write or email the editor – details on page 88 – Gear up! for advice on how to go about it. Each one printed wins a boxed set of three A cross-section of cycling products selected Cassini historical maps of the area of your choice. To see the whole range, and reviewed by CTC staff, specialist visit www.cassinimaps.com. To order by journalists and CTC members phone, call 0845 458 9910. BACKPACK PANNIERS £50 & £110 Reviewed by Technical Editor Chris Juden The Ortlieb Vario (near right) and Carradice Carradry Rucksack Pannier (far right) are the latest answers to a need that’s as old as the bicycle pannier. We all know that wheels make things easier to move, but normal panniers are awkward things to carry off the bike, which is one reason so many people pedal under the burden of a rucksack these days. That may be bearable for small amounts of luggage or distance, but not if you have lots to carry and it's more than a couple of miles to work or the shops. As for holidays: of course you’ll not want anything to detract from the pleasure of cycling – but if you also want to do a bit of serious hiking, on your back the load must go! Local errands and the bike-hike mix have similar but not two external sleeves (e.g. for bike bottles) and an internal identical demands, which play to the different strengths document pocket.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Automatic Transmission for Bicycle Design Document
    Electronic Automatic Transmission for Bicycle Design Document Tianqi Liu, Ruijie Qi, and Xingkai Zhou Team 4 ECE 445 – Spring 2018 TA: Hershel Rege 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective Nowadays, an increasing number of people commute by bicycles in US. With the development of technology, bicycles that equipped with the transmission system including chain rings, front derailleur, cassettes, and rear derailleur, are more and more widespread. However, it is a challenging thing for most bikers to decide which is the optimal gear under various circumstances and when to change gear. Thus, electronic automatic transmission for bicycle can satisfy the need of most inexperienced bikers. There are three main advantages to use with automatic transmission system. Firstly, it can make your journey more comfortably. Except for expert bikers, many people cannot select the right gear unconsciously. Moreover, with so many traffic signals and stop signs in the city, bikers have to change gears very frequently to stop and restart. However, with this system equipped in the bicycle, bikers can only think about pedalling. Secondly, electronic automatic gear shifting system can guarantee bikers a safer journey. It is dangerous for a rider to shift gears manually under some specific conditions such as braking, accelerating. Thirdly, bikers can ride more efficiently. With the optimal gear ready, the riders could always paddle at an efficient range of cadence. For those inexperienced riders who choose the wrong gears, they will either paddle too slow which could exhaust themselves quickly or paddle too fast which makes the power delivery inefficiently. Bicycle changes gears by pulling or releasing a metal cable connected to the derailleurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Rear Derailleur
    (English) DM-RD0004-08 Dealer's Manual ROAD MTB Trekking City Touring/ URBAN SPORT E-BIKE Comfort Bike Rear Derailleur XTR RD-M9000 DEORE XT RD-M8000 CONTENTS IMPORTANT NOTICE .............................................................................................3 TO ENSURE SAFETY ...............................................................................................4 LIST OF TOOLS TO BE USED ..................................................................................6 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................8 Installation of the rear derailleur ................................................................................................................8 ADJUSTMENT ......................................................................................................11 Stroke adjustment ......................................................................................................................................11 Installation of the chain .............................................................................................................................12 Securing the cable ......................................................................................................................................13 Using the end adjust bolt ..........................................................................................................................17 SIS adjustment ............................................................................................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Design Optimization of Sprocket Wheel Using Different Techniques
    International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering. ISSN 2250-3234 Volume 8, Number 1 (2018), pp. 55-62 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Review on Design Optimization of Sprocket Wheel Using Different Techniques Abhishek Barua 1 and Sasmita Kar 2 1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Post Graduate Studies, BPUT, Rourkela, Odisha, 769004, India. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Sprockets are most widely used in automobile sector and in machinery. These are used in two wheelers and four wheelers such as bikes, cycles, cars and other mechanism either to transmit revolving motion between two shafts wherever gears are incompatible or to communicate undeviating motion to a pathway etc. They exist in various dimensions, teeth number and are made of different materials. Sometimes faulty chains quickly wear the sprocket. Possible causes of this problems are significant overload, breakage, high impact pressure, excessive chain wear far beyond replacement level, combination of worn chain with new sprockets etc. To ensure efficient power transmission chain sprocket should be properly designed and manufactured. There is a possibility of weight reduction in chain drive sprocket. In this paper, a study of design optimization of sprocket using different processes and techniques is studied. This paper reviews the designing of chain sprocket, analysis using FEA and using the results from FEA how the optimization of sprocket for weight reduction has been done. Mostly researchers have used different grades of steel as their base material and re-designed the sprocket by using different CAD software, few have used composite materials like Carbon Fiber or Nylon66GF30 also as an alternative to steel and compared to earlier research.
    [Show full text]
  • Bicycles, Tandems and More
    2008 BICYCLES, TANDEMS AND MORE SINCE 1973 5627 University Way NE Seattle, WA 98105 206-527-4822 Fax 206-527-8931 35 Years and still rollin’ strong! www.rodcycle.com 1. Who are we? “Buy a shop? Me?”, you ask. Yes, you. That’s the As you look through our 2008 catalog, you’ll notice that best advice that you can get when you are shopping we manufacture more than just bikes. You’ll notice that for a bicycle. What it means is the difference be- we write software, manufacture highly specialized bicycle tween shops is greater than the difference between parts, and made our own phenomenal adjustable fi tting bike brands. machine. All of these products were designed, engi- neered, and produced right here in our shop by people Our philosophy is that when you choose your bi- who have dedicated their lives to the bicycle business. cycle, you should choose it based on the folks who will not only build your bicycle, but also those who A lot of people are surprised when they learn that we will help you get comfortable on the bike, as well as are just 15 people, fi tting, selling, manufacturing, and provide service down the road as you need it. servicing bicycles all in one shop in Seattle’s University District. The truth is, the talented people that work Have you heard of us? here do it because of their love for bicycles and our If you’ve heard of us, it’s not because you saw us in customers who ride them.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Modification of Bicycle by Using Additional Sprockets
    Vol-3 Issue-4 2017 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 DESIGN AND MODIFICATION OF BICYCLE BY USING ADDITIONAL SPROCKETS Sanjeey Reddy K Hudgikar1 S.M.Saleemuddin2 1 Professor, Mechanical Department, Lingaraj Appa Engineering College,Bidar,Karnataka,India 2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department, Annamachara Institute of Technology & Sciences,Rajampet,Kadapa,AP. ABSTRACT Biking is increasingly being recognized as a highly sustainable form of transportation. The present work focus on design and development of bi-cycle which can be implemented as an alternative to the two wheelers consuming large amount of fuel and polluting the environment. To overcome these problems, an effort is being made to search some other for the vehicles. Again, it is also not affordable to purchase vehicles (mopeds, scooters or motorcycles) for all the class of society. Keeping this in mind, a search for some way to cater these economically poor people as well as to provide a solution for the environmental pollution was in progress. This work deals with these problems efficiently as energy is generated utilizing the mechanical energy of the rider. Keyword: - Sprockets, Welding, Gear Mechanism 1. INTRODUCTION A bicycle, often called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven and single-track vehicle having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist or bicyclist. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe and as of 2003, more than 1 billion have been produced worldwide twice as many as the number of automobiles that have been produced. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions.
    [Show full text]
  • BICYCLE USER MANUAL 1 CER-GUM-V16 2020-07-13 CERVÉLO BICYCLE USER MANUAL for Multi-Speed Racing Bicycles
    BICYCLE USER MANUAL 1 CER-GUM-V16 2020-07-13 CERVÉLO BICYCLE USER MANUAL For Multi-Speed Racing Bicycles 16th Edition, 2020 This manual meets EN Standards 14764, 14766 and 14781. All Cervélo bicycles are tested to ISO 4210 and CPSC 16 CFR Part 1512 Bicycle Regulations. IMPORTANT: This manual contains important safety, performance and service information. Read it before you take the first ride on your new bicycle, and keep it for reference. Your Cervélo bicycle will be delivered to you fully assembled by your authorized Cervélo retailer according to the requirements set out in this manual. Additional safety, performance and service information for specific components such as pedals, or for accessories such as helmets or lights that you purchase, may also be available. Make sure that your retailer has given you all the manufacturers’ literature that was included with your bicycle or accessories. In case of a conflict between the instructions in this manual and information provided by a component manufacturer, always follow the component manufacturer’s instructions. If you have any questions or do not understand something, take responsibility for your safety and consult with your retailer as a first point of contact, or with Cervélo directly. NOTE: This manual is not intended as a comprehensive use, service, repair or maintenance manual. Please see your retailer for all service, repairs or maintenance. Your retailer may also be able to refer you to classes, clinics or books on bicycle use, service, repair or maintenance. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS General Warning ..................... 4 4. Technology ......................19 A Special Note for Parents ..............
    [Show full text]
  • Rack Compatibility Chart
    RACK COMPATIBILITY CHART HEAVY-DUTY ALLOY FRONT RACKS VALE MIK REAR RACK 27.5" / 700C MIK 26" MIK 24" MIK LOFT ALLOY REAR RACK BLACK 551120 BLACK 592549 BLACK 599129 BLACK 592546 BLACK 1041068 BLACK 529986 MODEL FRAME WHEEL SIZE SILVER 551118 SILVER 592548 SILVER 599128 SILVER 592545 SILVER 1041067 SILVER 529985 WHITE 1041066 STEP-THRU 26" ׳ × TOWNIE GO! 5i EQ1 STEP-OVER 26" ׳ × STEP-THRU 26" ׳ × TOWNIE GO! 8D EQ STEP-OVER 26" ׳ × STEP-THRU 26" × TOWNIE GO! 7D STEP-OVER 27.5" × STEP-THRU 27.5" ׳ × TOWNIE PATH GO! 10D EQ 1 STEP-OVER 27.5" ׳ × VALE GO! 9D EQ 1 / 9D EQ S1 STEP-THRU 27.5" ׳ × 26" × × STEP-THRU 24" × TOWNIE ORIGINAL 7D 26" × × STEP-OVER 26" TALL × × 26" ׳ × STEP-THRU 24" × TOWNIE ORIGINAL 7D EQ 26" ׳ × STEP-OVER 26" TALL ׳ × STEP-THRU 27.5" × × TOWNIE PATH 9D STEP-OVER 27.5" × × STEP-THRU 27.5" ׳ × TOWNIE PATH 9D EQ1 STEP-OVER 27.5" ׳ × 700c Regular × ×4 × STEP-THRU 700c Small × ×4 × LOFT 7D 700c Regular × ×4 × STEP-OVER 700c Large × ×4 × 700c Regular × ×4 × STEP-THRU 700c Small × ×4 × LOFT 7i1 700c Regular × ×4 × STEP-OVER 700c Large × ×4 × 26" × × STEP-THRU CRUISER LUX 1, 3I & 7D 24" × STEP-OVER 26" × × 26" × STEP-THRU 24" × CRUISER 1 26" × × STEP-OVER 26" TALL × × 24" × 26" × × STEP-THRU 24" × CRUISER 7D 26" × × STEP-OVER 26" TALL × × HONEYCOMB 3i STEP-THRU 26" ×5 ×4 ZELDA 3i STEP-THRU 26" × ×4 ANDI 3i STEP-THRU 26" × ×4 KOA 3i2 STEP-THRU 26" ײ ×4 1 OE bike comes with rear rack 3 Front light needs to be removed / rerouted onto front rack for proper installation 5 OE bike comes with front basket 2 OE bike comes
    [Show full text]