DOCSLIB.ORG

Muhammad Rafiq Shahid Ento

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid Ento STUDIES ON MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS AGAINST COTTON MEALYBUG, PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS TINSLEY (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) By MUHAMMAD RAFIQ SHAHID Reg. No. 2000-ag-1364 M.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Entomology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD (PAKISTAN) 2015 i i To, The Controller of Examinations, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. We, the Supervisory Committee, certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Regd. No. 2000-ag-1364 have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the external examiner(s) for the award of Ph. D degree. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: CHAIRMAN: (Prof. Dr. Muhammad Jalal Arif) MEMBER: (Dr. Muhammad Dildar Gogi) MEMBER: (Prof. Dr. Nazir Javed) ii In the name of ALLAH The Most Beneficent The Most Merciful This Humble Effort is Dedicated to HOLY PROPHET HAZART MUHAMMAD (Peace Be Upon Him) The Ocean of Knowledge and The greatest reformer, My Beloved PARENTS BROTHERS, SISTERS AND MY WIFE Their hands always rose in prayer for me and are forever with me to feel the bud of their wishes and prayers, Blooming into a flower. iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the contents of the thesis” Studies on mechanisms of resistance in different host plants against cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are product of my own research and no part has been copied from any published source (except the references, standard mathematic or genetic models/equations/protocoals etc.). I further declare that same work has not been submitted for award of any other diploma/degree. The University may take action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage (in case of any default the scholar will be proceeded as against as per HEC plagiarism policy). MUHAMMAD RAFIQ SHAHID (2000-ag-1364) iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all I would like to bow my head before “ALMIGHTY ALLAH” the Gracious, the Merciful, the Beneficial Who presented me in a Muslim community and also bestowed and blessed me with such a lucid intelligence as I could endeavor my services towards this manuscript. Countless salutations are upon the HOLY PROPHET MOHAMMAD (Peace Be Upon Him), the fountains of knowledge, who has guided his “Ummah” to seek knowledge from cradle to grave. This work was made possible by a mealybug Project funded from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. I had served as senior Research Associate in that project. I am extremely delighted to convey my deepest sense of gratitude to Principal investigator of the project and my supervisor, Dr. Muhammad Jalal Arif, Professor and Chairman at Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) for his masterly pieces of advice, inspiring attitude, kind cooperation, dexterous guidance, constructive criticism and valuable suggestions in the completion of this research work and compilation of thesis treatise. I am also obliged and pledged for all the enthuastic and sincre efforts of Prof. Dr. Muhammad Jalal Arif extended for the provision of required inputs, personnels and scholarly reasoning from experimental layout to writeup of thesis. I am also highly obliged to supervisory Committee especially Dr. Muhammad Dildar Gogi, (Assistant Professor) for his technical and moral guidance and suggestions throughout my study period. I also extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Nazir Javed, for his cooperation in completion of this manuscript. I am thankful to Dr. Yasin Ashraf, Principal Scientific Officer at NIAB and Mr. Allah Nawaz, ARO at Ayub Research Institute, they both helped me in plant analysis. I also oblige the expertise of Dr. Muhammad Sufian (Assistant Professor, Entomology, Ph. D Germany), Dr. Fatima Mustafa, Dr. Ahmad Nawaz and Dr. Kashif Riaz (Plant Pathology, UAF) for reviewing my thesis. The moral support of my mother and father Mr. Allah Ditta (Rtd. Senior Head Master High School) is also acknowledged who always appreciated and prayed for my success. I am also thankful to my wife Memoona Aziz, my children Muhammad Osaid Shahid and Muhammad Ashhad Malik, my other blood related members Muhammad Zahid, Dr. Amir Shafiq, Saif Ullah, Sanwal and Awais who had to suffer the absence of the care and affection they deserved during my absence from home. MUHAMMAD RAFIQ SHAHID v CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 3 OBJECTIVE -1 20 4 OBJECTIVE -2(a,b) 40,67 5 OBJECTIVE -3 101 6 OBJECTIVE -4 158 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CH. # TITLE Page No. DECLARATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xviii ABSTRACT xx SUMMARY xxi 1 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1 2 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Economic importance of Phenacoccus solenopsis 6 2.2 Geographical distribution of P. solenopsis 6 2.3 Population dynamics of P. solenopsis 6 2.4 Polyphagous feeding and invasive nature 7 2.5 Nature of damage of P. solenopsis 8 2.6 Life history parameters 8 2.7 Host plants of mealybug in Pakistan 8 Drawbacks of chemical control for the management of P. 2.8 9 solenopsis 2.9 Importance of host plant resistance 9 2.10 Mechanisms of resistance 10 2.11 Antixenosis mechanism 12 2.12 Antibiosis mechanism 13 2.13 Tolerance mechanism 16 2.14 Effect of plant resistance on P. solenopsis 17 3 CHAPTER 3 20 Determination of natural incidence of P. solenopsis on different 3.1 host plants under cotton and central mixed zone of Punjab, 20 Pakistan Percentage infestation of cotton mealybug on the tested host 3.2 25 plants 3.3 Population of cotton mealybug on the tested host plants 26 Instar wise proportion of mealybug among selected plant 3.4 27 species Categorizing cultivated host plants of cotton mealybug into 3.5 30 incidental and susceptible hosts Categorizing uncultivated host plants of mealybug into 3.6 30 incidental and susceptible hosts District wise infestation and population of mealybug on 3.7 31 different plant species Infestation of cotton mealybug on the tested host plants in 3.8 31 selected districts 3.9 Population of cotton mealybug on the tested host plants 32 Seasonal population dynamics of mealybug on selected plant 3.10 33 species 3.11 Cluster analysis among plant species on the basis of mealybug 36 vii population and infestation 3.12 Principal component analysis 37 4 CHAPTER 4 40 Assessment of antixenosis mechanisms of resistance in 4.1 40 different plant species for P. solenopsis Physico-morphic based antixenosis mechanism of resistance in 4.1.1 40 selected host plants for P. solenopsis 4.1.2 Colony culture of cotton mealybug 42 4.1.3 Plant material 42 Determination of attractiveness index of different instars of P. 4.1.4 42 solenopsis 4.1.5 Determining physic-morphic traits of selected plant species 44 4.1.6 Thickness of leaf lamina (µm) 44 4.1.7 Leaf area (cm2) 45 4.1.8 Trichome density and trichome length (µm) 45 Attractive index of first instar of P. solenopsis for different 4.1.9 46 plant species at 2, 4 and 8 hours post-release intervals Attractive index of second instar of P. solenopsis for different 4.1.10 48 plant species at 2, 4 and 8 hours post-release intervals Attractive index of third instar of P. solenopsis for different 4.1.11 50 plant species at 2, 4 and 8 hours post-release intervals 4.1.12 Morphological plant Characters 53 Trichome density and its association with attractiveness index 4.1.13 53 of P. solenopsis Trichome length in tested plant species and its association with 4.1.14 56 attractiveness index of mealybug Leaf area of tested plant species and its association with 4.1.15 59 attractiveness of mealybug Leaf thickness of selected plant species and its association with 4.1.16 61 attractiveness index of mealybug 4.1.17 Cluster analysis among studied traits 63 4.1.18 Principal component analysis 66 Biochemical based antixenosis mechanism of resistance in 4.2 67 different host plants against cotton mealybug Determination of Biochemical factors/ Antibiotic factors in 4.2.1 69 leaves of selected plant species Biochemical leaf traits of host plants, attractiveness index of P. 4.2.2 75 solenopsis and their nature of association Phosphorus contents and its association with attractiveness 4.2.3 75 index of P. solenopsis Potassium contents and its association with attractiveness index 4.2.4 78 of P. solenopsis Nitrogen contents and its association with attractiveness index 4.2.5 80 of P. Sodium contents and its association with attractiveness index of 4.2.6 82 P. solenopsis Total soluble sugar percentage and its association with 4.2.7 85 attractiveness index of P. solenopsis 4.2.8 Reducing sugar percentage and its association with 87 viii attractiveness index of P. solenopsis Crude protein contents and its association with attractiveness 4.2.9 89 index of P. solenopsis Chlorophyll concentration percentage and its association with 4.2.10 91 attractiveness index of P. solenopsis 4.2.11 Cluster analysis among studied traits 93 4.2.12 Principal component analysis 94 5 CHAPTER 5 101 Determination of antibiosis mechanism of resistance in selected 5.1 101 plant species for P. solenopsis 5.1.1 Plant species 103 5.1.2 Maintenance of mealybug colony 103 5.1.3 Experimental layout for determining the antibiosis mechanism 103 of resistance in different host plants 5.1.4 Determining Biochemical traits of selected plants 104 5.2 Effect of plant species on life parameters of P. solenopsis 105 Effect of plant species on the longevity of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar 5.2.1 105 nymphs of P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ISSN NO: 2639-3166 Phenacoccus Solenopsis A. Arizonensis P
    Freely Available Online JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 2639-3166 Research Article DOI: 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-19-2858 Effectiveness of Endoparsitoid Wasp Aenasius Arizonensis (Girault) as a Successful Bio-Control of Cotton Mealy Bug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley, in Khartoum State, Sudan. Nawal Ahmed Mohamed1, Awad KhalafAlla Taha2 , Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam3,* 1Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Wealth and Irrigation, Khartoum State, Sudan 2Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Studies - Shambat, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan 3Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, AlKadaru, Sudan. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endophagous Encyrtid parasitic wasp Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), as a natural enemy for controlling the Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Where a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was adopted. Both, field survey and Laboratory experiments were conducted to study some biological characteristics of the parasitoid A. arizonensis. The results of field study revealed that, the parasitioid was available most of the year, and was highly effective on adults and last larval instar of the mealy bug, P. Solenopsis, with a total percentage of parasitism of 31.26%. While the laboratory results showed that, the duration from oviposition to adult emergence were similar for both male and female. Longevity of male was 23± 2.33 days and female 23.37±1.89 days. Mean daily fecundity in terms of number of Parasitized hosts / female / day ranged from 20 to 24. The sex ratio was 1:1.6 for the male and female in the progeny.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cotton Mealybug Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) As a New Insect Pest on Tomato Plants in Egypt
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 55, No. 1 (2015) DOI: 10.1515/jppr-2015-0007 The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a new insect pest on tomato plants in Egypt Samah Sayed Ibrahim1, Fatma Abdelhalim Moharum1, Nesreen Mohamed Abd El-Ghany2* 1 Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Seid St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2 Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt Received: September 10, 2014 Accepted: February 4, 2015 Abstract: Recently, the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was recorded as a new pest on tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) growing in Egypt. The mealybugs specimens were collected from tomato plants in the Qalyoubia governorate during summer season of 2014. The mealybug was identified as P. solenopsis based on the morphological characters and taxonomic key of this species. This study represents the first record of P. solenopsis as a new insect pest attacking tomato plants in Egypt. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Introduction was originally described from the USA in 1898. Until In less than a century, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 1992, this insect was known only in the USA, where it Mill) (Family: Solanaceae) has become a major world was widespread (Ben-Dov 2004). Phenacoccus solenopsis food crop. Today, tomatoes are grown commercially in was reported in Central America, the Caribbean, and Ec- 159 countries. The major producers of tomatoes, in 2009 uador (Fuchs et al. 1991; Williams and Granara de Willink were China, the United States, India, Turkey, Egypt, Italy, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Ecological Conditions on Biology of Cotton Mealy Bug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Laboratory
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 44 (3), pp. 685-690, 2012. Impact of Ecological Conditions on Biology of Cotton Mealy Bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Laboratory Asifa Hameed,1 Muhammad Asif Aziz2 * and Ghulam Mustafa Aheer3 1Cotton Research Station, Multan. 2Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi 3 Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad Abstract.- Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the life history of the cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated in the laboratory. P. solenopsis was able to complete its life cycle at 20, 25, 30 and 35±1°C and 70, 65, 60 and 40±5% RH, respectively. Egg hatching period decreased from 32±0.22 to 0.57±0.15 hours from 20 to 40°C. But at 40°C, the male specimens were unable to pupate and the female specimens despite comparatively very short life span were unable to produce eggs. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with each female producing an average of 232.65±2.19 eggs. Development time from egg to adult was the longest for male at 20°C. Increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity had profound effect on the longevity of the females whereas longevity of males was less affected. Ability of the P. solenopsis to develop and reproduce successfully at 20 to 35±1°C and 70 to 40±5% RH suggests that the pest can develop and build up its populations in different ecological zones within this temperature range. Key words: Development, relative humidity, Phenacoccus solenopsis, cotton mealy bug. INTRODUCTION encourages its development.
    [Show full text]
  • On Cotton by Aenasius Bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
    J. Biol. Control, 23(4): 457–460, 2009 Research Note Natural parasitization of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cotton by Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) RISHI KUMAR, K. R. KRANTHI, D. MONGA and S. L. JAT Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Studies were conducted during 2007 and 2008 over a considerable geographical area under cotton cultivation for finding potential natural enemies of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. In July 2008, large numbers of mummifiedP. solenopsis along with healthy mealybugs were observed on heavily infested cotton crop at Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa (Haryana) due to parasitization by Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, a potential bioagent of P. solenopsis. The parasitoid completed its life cycle on the mealybug leaving the mummified body along with the exit hole behind. The parasitization efficiency of the parasitoid from field collected mealybugs was 57.2 per cent (range 46-64%) whereas under laboratory condition, it was 60.6 per cent (45-74%). As biological control is a supplement to chemical control, the adverse effect of commonly used insecticides on cotton on the efficiency of this parasitoid was studied and monocrotophos was recorded as the most deleterious (57.52% reduction in parasitization). Spinosad and spirotetramet were found to cause the least reduction in parasitization. KEY WORDS: Aenasius bambawalei, insecticidal intervention, parasitoid, parasitization, Phenacoccus solenopsis In 2005, an invasive species of mealybug, Phenacoccus congregation of individuals, protection of late age nymphs solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was found and adults by loose, cottony waxy substance secreted by the causing serious damage to cotton in Punjab and Sindh mealybugs and oviposition in waxy ovisacs act as barriers provinces of Pakistan (Hodgson et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Fabiana Soares Cariri Lopes.Pdf
    BIOPROSPECÇÃO, IDENTIFICAÇÃO E MANEJO DE COCHONILHAS-FARINHENTAS (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) E INSETOS ASSOCIADOS EM AGROECOSSISTEMAS DE VIDEIRA NO SUBMÉDIO DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO por FABIANA SOARES CARIRI LOPES (Sob Orientação do Professor José Vargas de Oliveira - UFRPE) RESUMO As pragas são consideradas um dos maiores obstáculos ao desenvolvimento da cultura da videira na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. A correta identificação das espécies constitui uma prática importante em programas de manejo integrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um inventário das espécies de Pseudococcidae, plantas hospedeiras, inimigos naturais e formigas associadas às cochonilhas nesta cultura na região bem como realizar testes com produtos naturais nas espécies mais abundantes de cochonilhas-farinhentas. Os insetos e as plantas foram coletados em parreirais comerciais e encaminhados a especialistas para identificação. Os testes de mortalidade em laboratório foram realizados com os produtos Azact®, Azamax®, Matrix® e Orobor® utilizando diferentes concentrações e com as espécies de cochonilhas Planococcus citri Risso, e Maconelicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). As cochonilhas- farinhentas identificadas através de análise morfológica e molecular associadas à videira foram M. hirsutus, P. citri, Phenacoccus solenospsis Tinsley e Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell). Foram identificadas 12 espécies de formigas, sendo Solenopsis saevissima Smith e Dorymyrmex bicolor Wheeler 1906 as mais abundantes. Os inimigos naturais identificados foram Gyranusoidea indica Shafee, Alam & Agarwal, Anagyrus kamali Moursi, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, Cheiloneurus i sp., Aenasius sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Dendrocerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), Eurydinoteloides sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Meneville, Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Eriopis connexa (Germar) e Cryptolaemus montrouzieiri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic Variation and Identification of Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in China
    Zootaxa 3802 (1): 109–121 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3802.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B27857E3-9162-402F-A7A0-42967080A201 Phenotypic variation and identification of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in China JING ZHAO1, GILLIAN W. WATSON2, YANG SUN1, YONGAN TAN1, LIUBIN XIAO1 & LIXIN BAI1, 3 1Institute of Plant Protection Room 305, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street No.50, Nanjing 210014, China. E-mail [email protected] 2Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California 95832, U.S.A. E-mail [email protected] 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive mealybug that seriously damages cotton and other important crops. In previous studies in China, the presence of two submedian longitudinal lines of pigmented spots on the dorsum of adult females frequently has been used to identify this species. However, the present study records the occasional absence of pigmented spots in a sample from Guangxi province, China. Specimens without pigmented spots showed all the molecular and morphological characters that separate P. solenopsis from the similar species P. solani Ferris, especially the distribution of multilocular disc pores. In different geographic populations of P. solenopsis in China, mito- chondrial COI and nuclear 28SrDNA genes are very similar (99.8–100%), indicating that they are conspecific. For COI, the genetic distance between P. solenopsis and P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading Along the Mediterranean: First Pest Detection in Italian Tomatoes
    insects Communication The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading along the Mediterranean: First Pest Detection in Italian Tomatoes Michele Ricupero * , Antonio Biondi , Agatino Russo, Lucia Zappalà and Gaetana Mazzeo Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (G.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Nowadays, globalization causes a series of negative consequence for the sus- tainability of agricultural systems, such as solanaceous cultivations. Here, we report for the first time the presence of an invasive polyphagous mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Italian solanaceous crops, i.e., tomato and bell pepper. For this, we analyzed at the morphological and molecular level various specimens collected in Sicily during fall 2020. A phylogenetic analysis conducted comparing an ≈800 bp portion of the mitochondrial genome of several worldwide populations, suggests that the introduced population might originate from Asia. This study represents the first step toward establishing a P. solenopsis monitoring and sustainable control program in Europe. Abstract: The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an Citation: Ricupero, M.; Biondi, A.; extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is Russo, A.; Zappalà, L.; Mazzeo, G. native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries during the last decades. Tomato The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanaceae) is an economic relevant crop worldwide and its production along the Mediterranean: First Pest can be threatened by numerous insect pests including P. solenopsis.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) As a Hyperparasitoid of the Invasive Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley, in China
    ZooKeys 974: 23–29 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.974.55528 RESeaRch ARticLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) as a hyperparasitoid of the invasive cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in China Zhuomiao Li1, Tingting Yao1, Zhihong Xu2, Ling Meng1, Baoping Li1 1 School of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China 2 Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin’an, Zhejiang 311300, China Corresponding author: Baoping Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Köhler | Received 17 June 2020 | Accepted 3 September 2020 | Published 7 October 2020 http://zoobank.org/87F93B60-FD12-44CA-BE72-BCF1B20FCABA Citation: Li Z, Yao T, Xu Z, Meng L, Li B (2020) A new species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) as a hyperparasitoid of the invasive cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in China. ZooKeys 974: 23–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.55528 Abstract A new species, Cheiloneurus nankingensis sp. nov., from Eastern China is described. It is similar to C. arabiacus Hayat but distinct from it in a number of morphological characters. It is a hyperparasitoid with the encyrtid wasp Aenasius arizonensis Girault, 1915 as the primary host and the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as the secondary host. A key to all seven species of Cheiloneurus known from China is presented. Keywords Aenasius arizonensis, bambawalei, biological control, hyperparasitism, Nanjing Introduction Hyperparasitoids are specialized natural enemies of primary parasitoids but their nega- tive effects on biological control have often been overlooked.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Honeydew of Phenacoccus Solenopsis on Foliar Foraging By
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos da Universidade Estadual... 71 Effects of Honeydew ofPhenacoccus solenopsis on Foliar Foraging by Solenopsis invcta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by Ai-Ming Zhou, Yong-Yue Lu, Ling Zeng, Yi-Juan Xu* & Guang-Wen Liang* ABSTRACT The olfactory response of fire ants to plant leaves, mealybugs and the honeydew excreted by mealybugs was tested with a Y-tube olfactometer. The foraging activities of fire ants on three plants were also measured. Our results showed that plant leaves and mealybugs alone had no significant attraction to the fire ant workers, while fire ants could be obviously attracted by honeydew. The selection rate of fire ants on honeydew of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, cotton (Gossypium spp.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was 60.22%, 57.45% and 64.29% respectively. When mealybugs were present on plants, fire ant workers foraged more frequently on the plants than controls (P<0.05). As to different plants, fire ants preferred foraging on tomato (66.3 per plant) to Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (50.4 per plant) and cotton (45.1 per plant). However, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency of fire ants on the three kinds of plant, with 24.9, 22.9 and 32.3 ants foraging per five minutes respectively. Key words: Solenopsis invicta, Phenacoccus solenopsis, honeydew, prefer- ence, foraging activity. INTRODUCTioN The excretions of Homopterans, called honeydew, are rich in hydrocarbons, amino acids, protein and water (Way 1963, Fischer et al. 2002), and held a special attraction to ant species (Way 1963, Buckley 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Associated with Dragon Fruit in Indonesia
    Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 8 International Conference and the 10th Congress of the Entomological Society of Indonesia (ICCESI 2019) Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Associated with Dragon Fruit in Indonesia Dewi Sartiami 1*, Nelly Saptayanti2, Edy Syahputra3, Warastin Puji Mardiasih2, Desmawati2 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia 2Directorate of Horticulture Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, South Jakarta, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia 3Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak, West Kalimantan 78124, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Mealybugs were recorded on dragon fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Family: Cactaceae) in Indonesia. The present of certain mealybug species on dragon fruit has become quarantine concern in country where the mealybugs species is absent. The objective of this study was to identify mealybugs species associated with dragon fruit and record the live specimen of adult females mealybug. Mealybugs were collected from 3 locations: Bogor (West Java), Banyuwangi (East Java), and Pontianak (West Kalimantan). Mealybugs found in the location were photographically documented and brought to the laboratory. Identification based on the prepared slide specimen was carried out in the Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. There were 4 mealybugs species, Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus minor, Phenacoccus solenopsis and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi recorded on dragon fruit. Dragon fruit is recorded to be the new host of Ph. solenopsis. The morphological characteristics of fully developed mealy wax on live adult female were highlighted to align the characteristic diagnose of species identification based on slide mount specimen. Keywords: adult female, fruits, Hylocerus undulatus, quarantine 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenological Response of Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) to Three Prominent Host Plants
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 44(2), pp. 341-346, 2012. Phenological Response of Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) to Three Prominent Host Plants Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid, 1 Masood Khan Khattak1 and Khalid Abdullah3* 1Department of Entomology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan 2Entomology Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan 29120, Pakistan 3Ministry of Textile Industry, Government of Pakistan, FBC Building, E 5/2, Islamabad Abstract.- The phenological studies of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) were carried out on three host plants of economic importance [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)] under controlled environmental conditions (40° C, 65% RH and 10:14 light: dark regime). The development of all female nymphal instars was more rapid on cotton followed by China rose and okra, whereas the development of male nymphal instars was fastest on China rose followed by cotton and okra. Male instars lasted for longer than those of female on all tested host plants. Duration of 1st, 2nd and 3rd male nymphal instars on cotton was 6.88 days, 4.49 days and 5.11 days and 4.33 days, 3.86 days and 7.73 days for female respectively. Total longevity of mated and unmated females was 41.47 and 61.33 days on China rose which was significantly longer than 37.86 days and 51.39 days on cotton and 34.55 days and 43.33 days on okra. Total longevity of male was 20.83 days on okra followed by 19.66 and 18.72 days on China rose and cotton, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Permentan 25 Tahun 2020
    - 700 - B. JENIS OPTK KATEGORI A2 1. SERANGGA (INSECTS) No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.; II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, biji (true seeds Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi (Syn. Acanthoscelides irresectus pigeon pea), Cicer arietinum (inc. grain)) Africa: Angola, Burundi, Fåhraeus, Acanthoscelides tetricus (kacang arab, chickpea), DR Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Gyllenhal, Bruchidius obsoletus, Glycine max (kedelai, Lesotho, Malawi, Bruchidius obtectus Say, Bruchus soyabean), Lathyrus sativus Mauritius, Morocco, fabae Riley, Bruchus irresectus, (grasspea), Phaseolus Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Bruchus obsoletus (Say), Bruchus acutifolius (tepary bean), Saint Helena, Senegal, obtectus Say, Bruchus tetricus Phaseolus coccineus (runner Seychelles, South Africa, Gyllenhal, Laria obtectus Say, Larra bean), Phaseolus (beans), Spain, Swaziland, irresectus, Mylabris obtectus Say); Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Tanzania, Uganda, (Coleoptera: Bruchidae); Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Zambia, Zimbabwe bean bruchid, American seed beetle, common bean), Pisum sativum America: Argentina, bean beetle, bean weevil, common (pea), Vicia faba (faba bean), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, bean weevil, dried bean beetle, dried Vigna unguiculata (kacang Canada, Chile, Colombia, bean weevil panjang, cowpea), Zea mays Costa Rica, Cuba, (jagung, corn, maize) Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe,
    [Show full text]