DOCSLIB.ORG

Prospek Bisnis Hasil Tanaman Kakao Di Kotamadya Samarinda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prospek Bisnis Hasil Tanaman Kakao Di Kotamadya Samarinda Prospek Bisnis Hasil Tanaman Kakao (Mursidah) 13 PROSPEK BISNIS HASIL TANAMAN KAKAO DI KOTAMADYA SAMARINDA (Prospect of Business Kakao in Samarinda City) Mursidah Program Studi Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75123 Telp : (0541) 749130 ; Email : [email protected] ABSTRACT Plantation sub sector in economy of Indonesia has a quit big role in giving contribution to the state foreign exchange. One of the plantation commodities is cocoa. East Kalimantan province is one of the potential cocoa development area in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Samarinda. From the result of the research, it was knew that there was reduction of area width every year which was used for cocoa plant and its production .The regression analysis result showed that the prospect of cocoa plantation business in Samarinda has less benefit to be carried on. Keywords: prospect, business harga kakao dunia diproyeksikan akan I. PENDAHULUAN mengalami peningkatan. Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditi yang Pembangunan perekonomian merupakan sangat penting, sebagai sumber penghidupan bagian integral dari pembangunan ekonomi dan bagi jutaan petani produsen, bahan penyedap masyarakat secara umum. Pembangunan dan sumber lemak nabati (Sunanto, 1992). pertanian memberikan sumbangan kepada Kegunaan biji kakao tidak hanya sekedar pembangunan ekonomi serta menjamin bahwa sebagai bahan minuman, tetapi juga dapat pembangunan menyeluruh itu akan bersifat dimanfaatkan untuk makanan kecil, bahan umum, dan mencakup penduduk yang hidup pembuat kue dan campuran aneka penganan. dari bertani yang jumlahnya cukup besar. Jenis kakao yang diekspor tidak hanya Komoditi perkebunan dalam berbentuk biji, tetapi juga dalam bentuk lain, perekonomian Indonesia memiliki potensi seperti mentega kakao, kue kakao, cocoa mass, penopang yang cukup besar. Peranan sub minyak kakao, kakao bubuk dan cocoa tea sektor perkebunan dalam menunjang devisa (Nazaruddin, 1993). negara cukup penting, sebab, beberapa komoditi Lemak kakao merupakan bahan yang perkebunan memiliki perolehan devisa yang sangat diperlukan oleh industri-industri tinggi, selain komoditi migas (Nazaruddin, pembuatan berbagai kembang gula dan manisan 1993). kakao. Disamping itu juga sangat diperlukan Jenis komoditi perkebunan yang diekspor oleh industri farmasi dan obat-obatan Indonesia, antara lain kakao, karet, kelapa, kecantikan (Sunanto, 1992). kelapa sawit, kopi, panili, tebu, teh dan Kulit buah kakao dapat dimanfaatkan tembakau. Hasil analisa Bank Dunia, pada sebagai campuran bahan makanan ternak. periode 1999 sampai 2005 nanti beberapa Kandungan proteinnya 20,4%. Kulit buah jika komoditi tersebut akan mengalami kenaikan dibenamkan ke dalam tanah akan meningkatkan jumlah ekspor, seperti karet naik 2%, minyak jumlah hara tersedia. Di samping itu, kulit buah sawit 6,4%, kopi 1,4%, teh 1,6%, kakao 1,4%, kakao juga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gas gula 2,3%, kapas 0,9% serta tembakau 1%. bio dan bahan pembuatan pektin. Berdasarkan hasil analisa Marco Lopriore Pulp sebagai bahan limbah pada fermentasi dan Kees Berger 1992, tingkat pertumbuhan biji kakao berguna dalam pembuatan alkohol produksi kakao dunia hingga tahun 2005 akan dan cocoa jelly (Siregar, 1997). melebihi tingkat pertumbuhan produksi kakao, Hasil panen kakao Indonesia dewasa ini sehingga secara berangsur-angsur jumlah berkisar antara 150.000-160.000 ton/tahun. persediaan/stok kakao dunia akan menurun. Pengusahaan kakao tersebut terbagi atas milik Pada tahun 2005 produksi kakao diperkirakan pemerintah, swasta serta perkebunan rakyat. naik menjadi 2,484 juta ton dan produksi naik Saat ini Propinsi Kalimantan Timur menjadi 2,518 juta ton. Sejalan dengan merupakan salah satu daerah pengembang perkembangan produksi dan konsumsi tersebut kakao yang potensial di Indonesia. Luas areal EPP.Vol.1.No.1:2004:13-16 14 tanaman kakao pada tahun 1992 telah mencapai 2 luas 24.877,5 Ha (6,5% dari luas areal Sb = Se/ X pertanaman kakao di Indonesia). Produksi di mana: 1 kakao Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 1992 2 mencapai 7.892 ton (4,5% dari total produksi Se = X Indonesia). n – 2 Luas areal yang digunakan untuk Hipotesis : perkebunan, terutama tanaman kakao di Ho ; = 0 apabila t hitung > t tabel, maka Ho Kotamadya Samarinda pada tahun 2002 adalah ditolak 883,16 ha dan dari 883,16 ha tersebut sebagian H1 ; = 0 apabila t hitung < t tabel, maka H1 besar berada di Kelurahan Sempaja. diterima. Melihat wilayah Kota Samarinda yang Apabila Ho diterima, ini berarti bahwa cukup potensial untuk pengembangan garis regresi tidak dapat meramalkan nilai Y, perkebunan tanaman kakao, maka dapat berarti prospek bisnis tidak cerah dan apabila dirumuskan permasalahan sebagai berikut : Ho ditolak, berarti garis regresi dapat bagaimana prospek bisnis usaha perkebunan meramalkan nilai Y atau Prospek Bisnis kakao dimasa yang akan datang dengan melihat Perkebunan Kakao cerah dan menguntungkan data luas areal, produksi dan harga untuk untuk diusahakan. Kotamadya Samarinda. Berdasarkan konsep-konsep yang III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN digunakan dalam penelitian ini, maka hal yang ingin dicapai adalah : untuk mengetahui Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari prospek bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao dimasa dinas-dinas didapat data luas lahan, produksi yang akan datang dengan melihat data luas dan harga kakao di Samarinda. Setelah areal, produksi dan harga untuk Kotamadya dianalisis dengan menggunakan Regresi Linier Samarinda. Sederhana diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : a. Hubungan luas lahan yang dipergunakan II. METODE PENELITIAN untuk usaha perkebunan kakao per tahun (y) dengan waktu (x) Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kotamadya Diduga tiap tahun terjadi penurunan luas Samarinda dan dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan. lahan yang digunakan untuk usaha Dalam penelitian ini data yang dipergunakan perkebunan kakao sekitar 157,632 ha. adalah data sekunder meliputi data keadaan Karena nilai t hitung -2,501 < t tabel (0,05) umum daerah penelitian dan data lainnya yang 2,02, maka Ho diterima dan H1 ditolak. berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Data-data Jadi garis regresi tidak dapat untuk tersebut diperoleh dari lembaga/instansi terkait. meramalkan nilai Y. Sehingga prospek Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berupa bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di data sekunder menurut model deret waktu (time Kotamadya Samarinda dilihat dari luas series). Data dikumpulkan dari areal yang digunakan kurang baik. lembaga/instansi terkait. b. Hubungan produksi kakao per tahun (y) Guna mempelajari prospek bisnis usaha dengan waktu (x) perkebunan kakao diambil dari data yang sudah Diduga tiap tahun terjadi penurunan terkumpul. Kemudian data tersebut diolah produksi kakao sekitar 55,999 ton. untuk mendapatkan gambaran untuk Karena nilai t hitung -2,347 < t tabel (0,05) kepentingan penarikan kesimpulan. 2,02, maka Ho diterima dan H1 ditolak. Guna mengetahui prospek bisnis usaha Jadi garis regresi tidak dapat untuk perkebunan kakao dapat dilakukan dengan meramalkan nilai Y. Sehingga prospek Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana (Supranto, bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di 1994), yaitu : Kotamadya Samarinda dilihat dari produksi ŷ = a + bx kurang menguntungkan untuk diusahakan. dimana : c. Hubungan harga kakao per kilogram per ŷ = luas lahan/produksi/harga per tahun (y) dengan waktu (x) tahun; Diduga tiap tahun terjadi kenaikan harga a = konstanta; kakao sekitar Rp 863,043 kg b = koefisien regresi; Karena nilai t hitung 1,762 >/< t tabel (0,05) x = waktu. 2,02, maka Ho diterima dan H1 t hitung dapat dirumuskan : diterima/ditolak. Jadi garis regresi tidak t hitung = b/Sb dapat untuk meramalkan nilai Y. Sehingga Prospek Bisnis Hasil Tanaman Kakao (Mursidah) 15 prospek bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di Dinas Perkebunan Propinsi Dati I Kalimantan Kotamadya Samarinda kurang Timur. 1996. Teknis budidaya kakao. menguntungkan untuk diusahakan, Proyek PSSP Kaltim TA. 1996/1997. walaupun terjadi kenaikan harga setiap Samarinda. tahunnya. Hasil analisis untuk mengetahui prospek Dipuro, M. D. 1991. Teori harga. Penerbit bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di Kotamadya Yasaguna, Jakarta. Samarinda adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Luas areal : ŷ = 1947,417 – 157,632x Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Direktorat Bina 2. Produksi : ŷ = 475,639 – 55,999x Perbenihan 1996/1997. 1997. Petunjuk 3. Harga : ŷ = 1245,652 + 863,043x teknis taksasi produksi benih kopi dan Berdasarkan ketiga analisis di atas kakao. Jakarta. didapat bahwa t hitung< t tabel (0,05). Setelah itu dari perhitungan ketiga koefisien korelasi Fadholi H. 1996. Ilmu usahatani. Penebar ternyata didapat bahwa adanya hubungan yang Swadaya, Jakarta. erat dan positif antara variabel x sebagai waktu dan variabel y sebagai luas lahan, produksi dan Gaspersz, V. 2001. Ekonomi manajerial harga yang masing-masing secara berurutan pembuatan keputusan bisnis. PT. sebesar 0,746; 0,724 dan 0,619 sehingga Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. didapat bahwa prospek bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di Kotamadya kurang menguntungkan Lincolin A. 2000. Ekonomi manajerial. Edisi untuk diusahakan. ke III. Cetakan 6. BPFE, Jakarta. IV. KESIMPULAN Mahmud, S. 1990. Pengantar ekonomi mikro. LP3ES, Jakarta Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa McEachern, W. A. 2001. Ekonomi mikro. prospek bisnis usaha perkebunan kakao di Edisi ke I. Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Kotamadya Samarinda kurang menguntungkan untuk diusahakan karena menghadapi berbagai Mubyarto. 1996. Pengantar ekonomi kendala. pertanian. LP3ES, Jakarta. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Mosher, A. T. 1987. Menggerakkan dan membangun pertanian. Yasaguna.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Urban Analysis Report 2020
    Co-funded by the European Union URBAN ANALYSIS REPORT 2020 BANDAR LAMPUNG Hari Priyadi Hermon David Setyorogo Celine Anastasya 01 Irfan Gunawan I This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union Its contents are the sole responsibility of and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union Urban Analysis Report 2020 FOREWORD Addressing the threat of climate change remains a top priority for the European Union (EU). The European Green Deal is a response to these challenges; it aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy with zero net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050. Through the Climate Resilient and Inclusive Cities (CRIC) project, the EU and Indonesia are working together to help cities build a resilient and inclusive future. We do so by building partnerships between governments, businesses, local communities and research institutes in Europe, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Clearly, there are hurdles along the way, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, our response to this pandemic needs to be a sustainable one, addressing the challenges of climate change as well as economic recovery. Just last month, in Sukabumi City of West Java Province, a flash flood cost lives and forced hundreds of citizens to leave their houses. According to the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency, Indonesia is about to experience more hydrometeorological disasters due to climate change. The CRIC Urban Analysis Report is a timely reminder that cities cannot delay their sustainable transition. This Urban Analysis Report for ten Indonesian pilot cities under the CRIC project offers a comprehensive overview of city characteristics, policy gaps and climate-related policies in the cities of Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Bandar Lampung, Cirebon, Banjarmasin, Samarinda, Mataram, Kupang, Gorontalo and Ternate.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimalization of Non-Tax State Revenue for Industrial Ports and Special Terminals
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 10, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2021 ISSN 2277-8616 Optimalization Of Non-Tax State Revenue For Industrial Ports And Special Terminals Edward Marpaung, Raja Oloan Saut Gurning, Johny Malisan, Feronika Sekar Puriningsih, Wilmar Jonris Siahaan Abstract: The current condition of non-tax state revenues in the marine sector, especially those obtained from industrial ports and special terminals has not been maximized. This paper aims to identify what causes the non-tax state revenues acquisition of industrial ports and special terminals to be less than optimal and to seek policy recommendations that can be implemented to increase the non-tax state revenues. From the results of the analysis, it is found that several current problems are caused by the existence of industrial ports / special terminals which is not active and has not made non-tax state revenues payments, low non-tax state revenues rates on industrial ports and special terminals when compared to state-owned enterprises BUP, the existence of tariff class differentiation, there is no SOP that regulates performance of industrial ports / special terminals and several other problems. From these problems, several policy recommendations were made, such as controlling permits and payments, strengthening harbor-master, adjusting water leases, integrating digital platforms, implementing upper limit rates, intensifying and extending efforts. The policy is mapped based on the risks and implemented gradually over a period of two years starting from the quick wins phase, the short-term phase, the medium-term phase and the long-term phase. Each phase is simulated using dynamic simulation in the form of causal loop to see the projection of the non-tax state revenues.
    [Show full text]
  • Embracing the Sun
    PROJECT/PROGRAMME PROPOSAL TO THE ADAPTATION FUND EMBRACING THE SUN Redefining Public Space as a Solution for the Effects of Global Climate Change in Indonesia's Urban Areas PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAM INFORMATION Project/Program Category : SMALL-SIZED PROJECT/PROGRAMME Country/ies : INDONESIA Title of Project/Programme : EMBRACING THE SUN: Redefining Public Space as a Solution for the Effects of Global Climate Change in Indonesia's Urban Areas Type of Implementing Entity : NATIONAL IMPLEMENTING ENTITY Implementing Entity : Kermitraan Executing Entity/ies : 1. Resilience Research Institute, the University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia 2. School of Design Office, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology Amount of Financing Requested : $ 824,835 (in U.S Dollars Equivalent) 1. PROJECT/PROGRAMME BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT This project aims to explore flood adaptation infrastructures as a new typology of public space to face climate adaptation, so enhance awareness of Indonesian and laid a concrete resilient groundwork in the face of the climate crisis1 recognizes the strategic role of public space in supporting communities located in urban environments. Recent research addresses issues of vulnerability in public spaces and explores resilience strategies that reduce the2,3 through water sensitive design, which is adopted to minimize4. All the measures described are reactive by nature; aiming to cope with the effects of climate change. This project adopts a different approach to face climate change, focusing on public space as an infrastructure that is ideal for facing the challenged of climate change, as well as a key urban element and as means for community engagement and education on climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Correlation Between Educational Level and Incidence of Syphilis Among Female Sex Workers Within 7 Cities in Indonesia in 2007
    International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research 2015 Vol.2, No.8, pp.141-149 ISSN(e): 2313-2752 ISSN(p): 2313-7746 DOI: 10.18488/journal.9/2015.2.8/9.8.141.149 © 2015 Asian Medical Journals. All Rights Reserved. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL AND INCIDENCE OF SYPHILIS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS WITHIN 7 CITIES IN INDONESIA IN 2007 † Roselinda Rusli1 --- Nelly Puspandari2 --- Vivi Setiawaty3 1,2,3Center for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health, National Institute of Health Research and Development, MoH-Indonesia ABSTRACT Background: Syphilis is a chronic disease that may cause disability among patients and the child that is delivered by the patient. It is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis may increase transmission of HIV/AIDS. The objective of this article is to reveal prevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in 7 cities in Indonesia in 2007. Methods: The data analyzed in this article is derived from cross sectional study among FSWs in 7 cities in Indonesia in 2007. The respondents were chosen by cluster random sampling from Kupang, Samarinda, Pontianak, Yogyakarta, Timika, Makassar and Tangerang. Blood specimens were collected from respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Diagnosis of Syphilis confirmed in accordance with the results of Rapid Plasma Reagen (RPR) and Treponema Pallidum Haemaglutination Assay (TPHA), and the educational data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Results: There were 1750 respondents who had the complete data, 12,2% respondent were diagnosed as Syphilis. The highest prevalence of Syphilis was in Makassar (64,5%).
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Manuals, Guidelines, and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (Ip) Portfolio Management
    DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION COMPILATION OF MANUALS, GUIDELINES, AND DIRECTORIES IN THE AREA OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT CUSTOMIZED FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) MEMBER COUNTRIES TABLE OF CONTENTS page 1. Preface…………………………………………………………………. 4 2. Mission Report of Mr. Lee Yuke Chin, Regional Consultant………… 5 3. Overview of ASEAN Companies interviewed in the Study……...…… 22 4. ASEAN COUNTRIES 4. 1. Brunei Darussalam Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 39 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 53 4. 2. Cambodia Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 66 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 85 4. 3. Indonesia Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 96 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 113 4. 4. Lao PDR Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 127 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 144 4. 5. Malaysia Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 156 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 191 4. 6. Myanmar Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 213 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 232 4. 7. Philippines Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management………………………. 248 Part II: Success Stories…………………………………………………. 267 4. 8. Singapore Part I: Listing of Manuals, Guidelines and Directories in the Area of Intellectual Property (IP) Portfolio Management……………………….
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 25720-ID IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT (CPL-38540; SCL-3854A; SCPD-3854S; PPFB-P1701) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$136 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FOR A KALIMANTAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized June 24, 2003 Urban Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective December 31, 2002) Currency Unit = Rupiah Rp 1 = US$ 0.000112139 US$ 1 = Rp 8,917.50 FISCAL YEAR January 1 December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACSD - Abolition and Combination, Simplification, Decentralization BAPPENAS - National Development Planning Agency BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand DPRD - Local Level Parliament EIRR - Economic Internal Rate of Return FIRR - Financial Internal Rate of Return GOI - Government of Indonesia IPLT - Sludge Treatment Facility IUIDP - Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program (or Project) KIMPRASWIL - Ministry of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure KIP - Kampung (poor neighborhood) Improvement Program LARAP - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan LG - Local Government LKMD - Community Organization MIP - Market Improvement Program MOF - Ministry of Finance MSRI - Ministry of Settlement and Regional
    [Show full text]
  • East Kalimantan
    PROVINCE INFOGRAPHIC EAST KALIMANTAN Nunukan NUNUKAN Tideng Pale Malinau TANA The boundaries and names shown and the TID UNG designations used on this map do not imply KOTA TARAKAN official endorsement or acceptance by the Tarakan United Nations. MA LINAU BULUNGAN Tanjungselor MOST DENSE LEAST DENSE Tanjung Selor Kota Balikpapan Malinau Tanjungredep MOST POPULATED LEAST POPULATED BERA U Kota Samarinda Tana Tidung 14 1,435 KUTAI DISTRICTS VILLAGES TIMUR Putussibau Sangatta 136 KAPU AS Ujoh Bilang HULU SUB-DISTRICTS Bontang SINTANG KOTA MU RUNG KUTAI BONTANG RAYA KARTANEGARA Legend: Sendawar KOTA SAMARIND A Administrative Boundary Tenggarong Samarinda Samarinda Province Province Capital Purukcahu District District Capital BARITO KUTAI GUNUN G UTARA BARAT MA S Population Transportation Muara Teweh PEN AJAM Population counts at 1km resolution Toll road PA SER Kuala Kurun UTARA KOTA Pasangkayu Primary road 0 BALIKPAPAN Secondary road 1 - 5 Balikpapan Port 6 - 25 Penajam BARITO KATINGAN Airport 26 - 50 SELATAN 51 - 100 Buntok KOTA Other KAPU AS TABALONG PASER 101 - 500 PALANGKA Kasongan Volcano 501 - 2,500 RAYA Tanah Grogot Tamiang Water/Lake 2,501 - 5,000 KOTAWARINGIN Layang Tobadak Tanjung 5,000 - 130,000 TIMUR Palangka Raya BARITO Coastline/River TIMUR Palangkaraya Paringin MA MUJU HULU BALANGAN SUNGAI Amuntai TAPIN UTARA Barabai HULU Sampit SUNGAI KOTA PULANG BARITO HULU SUNGAI Mamuju MA MASA SELATAN TEN GAH BARU GEOGRAPHY PISAU KUALA Mamuju TORA JA East Kalimantan is located at 4°24'N - 2°25'S and 113°44' - 119°00'E. The province borders with Malaysia, specifically Sabah and Sarawak (North), the Sulawesi Ocean and Makasar Straits (East), South Kalimantan (South) and West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Malaysia (West).
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
    INDONESIA’S TRANSFORMATION and the Stability of Southeast Asia Angel Rabasa • Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ProjectR AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rabasa, Angel. Indonesia’s transformation and the stability of Southeast Asia / Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1344.” ISBN 0-8330-3006-X 1. National security—Indonesia. 2. Indonesia—Strategic aspects. 3. Indonesia— Politics and government—1998– 4. Asia, Southeastern—Strategic aspects. 5. National security—Asia, Southeastern. I. Chalk, Peter. II. Title. UA853.I5 R33 2001 959.804—dc21 2001031904 Cover Photograph: Moslem Indonesians shout “Allahu Akbar” (God is Great) as they demonstrate in front of the National Commission of Human Rights in Jakarta, 10 January 2000. Courtesy of AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (AFP) PHOTO/Dimas. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover design by Maritta Tapanainen © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying,
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEW Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda Area
    246 IAWA Journal, Vol. 15 (3), 1994 -----------------... REVIEW Trees of the Balikpapan-Samarinda less this manual focusses on asclection 01' Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia - a virgin forest species. A volume on the most manual to 280 selected species. Paul J. A. common trec species in secondary forests is Keßler & Kade Sidiyasa, 446 pp., 197 line envisaged as a future complement. drawings, 1994. Tropenbos Se ries 7, The This book compriscs an introductory chap­ Tropenbos Foundation, Wageningen, The ter with a comprehensive synoptical identifi­ Netherlands. Distributed by Backhuys Pub­ cation key on bark and leaf characters, and a lishers, Universal Book Services, P.O Box dichotomous key, also largely based on veg­ 321, 2300 AH Leiden, The Netherlands. etative features to 210 genera. Keys to spe­ ISBN 90-5113-019-8. Price: Dfl. 95 (paper­ cies precede descriptive treatments of invidual back). genera. The keys in fact treat a much higher Following Polak' s acclaimed book on the proportion of the taxa than the 280 species of 83 most common timber tree species of Guy­ which detailed morphological descriptions are ana (reviewed in IAW A 1. 14: 62), the Tro­ included in the book. Of 197 species fine line penbos Foundation has now published a Tree drawings emphasising leaf features and fruits Manual on not less than 280 species of the by Mr. Priyono, a talented botanical artist, are Balikpapan-Samarinda Area of East Kaliman­ included. Most descriptions are followed by tan, Indonesia. The Balikpanan-Samarinda notes on habitat and ecology, uscs, and distri­ area surrounds the Tropenbos research sitc bution.
    [Show full text]
  • Eleutherine Palmifolia
    Sys Rev Pharm 2020; 11(4): 674 680 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy E-ISSN 0976-2779 P-ISSN 0975-8453 Effect of Tea Concocted from Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia) on Cholesterol of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design Annaas Budi Setyawan1*, Ibnu Sina2, Erna Harfiani3, Novi Utami Dewi4, Agus Supinganto5 1Departement of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] 2University of Pamulang, South Tangerang, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] 3Pharmacology Departement of Medical Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] 4Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Email: [email protected] 5Departement of Nursing, STIKES Yarsi Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] Corresponding Email: [email protected] Article History: Submitted: 11.04.2020 Revised: 15.05.2020 Accepted: 12.06.2020 ABSTRACT Two major problems suffered by patients with type 2 Diabetes was p value=.001 (<.05), meaning that there was a significant Mellitus (DM) are linked to insulin resistance and impaired insulin difference in median cholesterol levels, while the result difference of secretion. They often occur in patients aged above 30 years and obese the two groups was p value=.002 (<.05), implying there was a patients. High blood glucose and other complications, including significant difference in cholesterol levels of the two groups. Bawang increased LDL, are some of the risks faced by people with type 2 dayak tea has been shown to lower cholesterol and have a potential as diabetes mellitus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Vegetation in Avalanche Control Around Balikpapan Shaft Road - Samarinda in Soeharto Hill Forest Park Area (Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Soeharto)
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 7, ISSUE 4 , APR 2018 ISSN 2277-8616 The Role Of Vegetation In Avalanche Control Around Balikpapan Shaft Road - Samarinda In Soeharto Hill Forest Park Area (Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Soeharto) SURATMI Abstract: This study aims to determine the causes of landslide disaster and to find out how to cope with triggered landslide around along the axis of Balikpapan Samarinda road in SoehartoHill Forest Park. Based on the analysis at the location of the research of land texture in Soeharto Hill Forest Park area is yellow Podzolic soil type, Latosol and Litosol (15%) and Alluvial soil (10%) with parent material in the form of folds of hill and. The structure of the soil is clumped and its consistency is flat.The topographic state of the field is bottom to bumpy to the slope of 10-45%.Referring to the general nature of soil chemical physics, most soil types in the Bukit Soeharto Forest Park area have a high degree of erosion sensitivity with very low land productivity, so it is appropriate to be designated as a conservation area. One of the geological processes that become the main cause of soil movement is rock weathering, rock characteristics in the research location of weathering occurs because of the weather is in tropical climate with high intensity.The location of the study is a hilly area that forms a slope of land with an average slope of 25 to 75 degrees and is composed by a pile of soil formed by physical and chemical weathering on rocks or more compact soil has the potential to move or landslides.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 30, 1999
    BORNEO RESEARCH BULLETIN ISSN: 0006-7806 VOL 30 PAGE NOTES FROM THE EDITOR I MEMORIALS Roland (Ro) Bewsher, 0.B E Bill Smythies Tuton Kaboy RESEARCH NOTES A Bridge to the Upper World: Sacred Language of the Ngaju: Jani Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo A Note on Native Land Tenure in Sarawak: M. B. Hooker State Law and lban Land Tenure. a Response to Hooker: Reed L. Wadley Conservation and the Orang Sungal of the Lower Sugut, Sabal?: Preliminary Notes: Lye Tuck-Po and Grace Wong Education and Research on Sustainable Land Use and Natural Resource Management: a New Danish- Malaysian University Program: Ole Mertz el al. Wet Rice Cultivation and the Kayanic Peoples of East Kalimantan: Some Possible Factors Explaining their Preference for Dry Rice Cult~vation:Mika Okushima Dayak Kings among Malay Sultans: Stephanus Djuweng The Kingdom of Ulu Are in Borneo's H~story:a Comment: Bernard Sellato The Brooke-Sarawak Archive at Rhodes House Library, Oxford: Bob Reece Papers of the Brookes of Sarawak Kept in Rhodes House Library, Oxford: P.A. Empson FIFTH BIENNIAL MEETINGS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ANNOUNCEMENTS BORNEO NEWS BOOK REVIEWS, ABSTRACTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY The Borneo Researclr Bulletin is published by the Borneo Research Council. Please address all inquiries and contributions for publication to Clifford Sather, Editor, Borneo Research Bulletin, Cultural Anthropology, P.O. Box 59, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, FINLAND.Single issues are available at US $20.00. I BOI-neoReseal-ch Bulletin Vol. 30 Vol. 30 Borneo Research Bulletin contributions to this superb collection, and, as an anthropologist, I would note that the held on 10-14 July 2000 at Crowne Plaza Riverside Hotel, Kuching, Sarawalc.
    [Show full text]