Maaperän Pilaantuminen Kainuussa Inkeri Neuvonen

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Maaperän Pilaantuminen Kainuussa Inkeri Neuvonen Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut 366 Maaperän pilaantuminen Kainuussa Inkeri Neuvonen Selvitys Kainuun mahdollisesti pilaantuneista maa-alueista ja niiden kunnostus- tarpeesta tehtiin EU-hankkeena Kainuun ympäristökeskuksessa vuosina 2003 - Maaperän pilaantuminen 2004. Hankkeen rahoittajina olivat EAKR, Kainuun ympäristökeskus, Kainuun kunnat ja Kainuun jätehuollon kuntayhtymä Eko-Kymppi. Kainuussa Kainuussa on mahdollisesti pilaantuneiksi alueiksi luokiteltavia kohteita hieman Kartoitus- ja selvityshanke 2003 - 2004 yli 450. Kohteet priorisoitiin tutkimus- ja kunnostustarpeen perusteella. Kun- nostustarpeen arviointia varten hankkeen aikana tutkittiin kolmisenkymmentä kohdetta. Laajimmat tutkimukset tehtiin pohjavesialueilla sijaitsevilla ampuma- radoilla. Kohteista saatuja tutkimustuloksia käytettiin Kainuusta tulevien pilaantuneiden massamäärien arvioinnissa. Muuten massamäärien arvioinnissa käytettiin Kainuun kohteiden kunnostuksesta tehdyistä loppuraporteista ja kir- jallisuudesta saatuja tietoja pilaantuneiden maiden määristä. Hankkeen yhtenä tavoitteena oli edistää mahdollisesti pilaantuneista alueista kerättyjen tietojen huomioimista kunnissa maankäytön suunnittelun alku- vaiheessa. Tiedot siirrettiin kuntien paikkatieto-ohjelmiin karttapohjaiseksi tiedoksi, jota voidaan kunnissa hyödyntää sekä lupavalmistelussa että maan- käytön suunnittelussa. Julkaisua on saatavissa myös Internetissä: http://www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1896-2 ISBN 952-11-1897-0 (PDF) ISSN 1238-8610 Jakelu: Kainuun ympäristökeskus, PL 115, 87101 KAJAANI, Puh. (08) 616 3356, Fax. (08) 616 3629, [email protected] Kainuun kunnat ..................................................... KAINUUN PL 115 KAINUUN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS 87101 KAJAANI Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut 366 Inkeri Neuvonen Maaperän pilaantuminen Kainuussa Kartoitus- ja selvityshanke 2003 - 2004 KAJAANI 2004 . .......................... KAINUUN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Julkaisua on saatavana myös Internetistä http://www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1896-2 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1897-0 (PDF) ISSN 1238-8610 Julkaisun kuvat: Inkeri Neuvonen, ellei muuta mainintaa Kartat ja kuvankäsittely: Anu Heikkinen Taitto: Anneli Leinonen Paino: Kajaanin Offsetpaino Oy, Kajaani 2004 2 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut 366 SisällysSisällysSisällys 1 Johdanto ........................................................................................ 5 1.1 Tausta ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Tavoitteet .............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Toteutus ................................................................................................................. 5 2 Mahdollisesti pilaantuneiden kohteiden kartoitus Kainuussa ......... 7 2.1 Kartoituksen nykytilanne .................................................................................. 8 2.2 Kohteiden tutkimus- ja kunnostustilanne ....................................................... 8 2.3 Kohteiden jakautuminen kunnittain ................................................................ 9 2.4 Kohteiden jakautuminen toimialoittain ........................................................ 10 2.5 Pima-kohdetietojen hyödyntäminen paikkatietojärjestelmissä ............... 11 2.5.1 Pima-kohdetiedot ympäristökeskuksen tietojärjestelmissä.............. 11 2.5.2 Pima-tiedot kuntien paikkatieto-ohjelmissa ....................................... 11 3 Ampumaratojen aiheuttama maaperän pilaantuminen............... 12 3.1 Haulikkoradat .................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Kivääri- ja pistooliradat .................................................................................... 13 3.3 Pohjavesialueilla sijaitsevien ampumaratojen tutkimukset Kainuussa... 13 3.3.1 Tutkimusmenetelmät ................................................................................ 15 3.3.2 Tutkimustietojen tallennus...................................................................... 16 3.4 Haulikkoradoilta mitatut raskasmetallipitoisuudet ................................... 18 3.5 Arvio haulikkoratojen aiheuttamasta pohjaveden pilaantumisriskistä .. 18 3.5.1 Sotkamo Huhtikangas .............................................................................. 19 3.5.2 Vaala Kurikkavaara ................................................................................... 19 3.6 Kivääriratojen raskasmetallipitoisuustutkimusten tulokset ..................... 22 3.7 Arvio tutkittujen kivääriratojen aiheuttamasta riskistä pohjavedelle .... 23 3.7.1 Sotkamo Vuokatti ...................................................................................... 24 4 Öljysäiliökartoitus Kainuun kunnissa............................................. 26 4.1 Tutkimusmenetelmät ........................................................................................ 26 4.2 Kartoituksen tulokset ....................................................................................... 27 4.2.1 Öljysäiliöille tehdyt toimenpiteet kaukolämpöön siirtymisen yhteydessä ...................................................................................... 28 4.2.2 Kiinteistöillä olevat käytöstä poistetut maanalaiset säiliöt ............. 29 4.2.3 Käytöstä poistetuista maanalaisista säiliöistä aiheutuvat riskit ja annetut suositukset ............................................................................. 29 5 Hankkeessa tutkittuja kohteita .................................................... 30 6 Kohteiden tutkimus- ja kunnostustarpeen arviointi...................... 32 6.1 Kainuun kohteiden riskipisteytys ................................................................... 32 6.2 Kohteiden riskipisteytyksen tulokset ............................................................ 33 6.3 Tutkimus- ja kunnostustilanne riskiluokittain v. 2004 ................................ 34 7 Kainuun pilaantuneilta kohteilta tulevien massamäärien arviointi .......................................................................................... 35 7.1 Kohteiden kunnostustilanne toimialoittain v. 2004..................................... 35 Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut 366 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 3 7.2 Massamäärien laskentaperusteet ................................................................... 36 7.2.1 Sahat (luokka 04) ....................................................................................... 38 7.2.2 Huoltoasemat ja muut polttoaineen jakelupisteet (luokka 11) ........ 39 7.2.3 Korjaamot, romuttamot ja maalaamot (luokka 12) ............................. 39 7.2.4 Kaatopaikat ja muu jätteenkäsittely (luokka 14) ................................ 40 7.2.5 Ampumaradat (luokka 21) ....................................................................... 40 7.3 Pilaantuneiden maiden kokonaismäärä Kainuussa ..................................... 42 7.4 Arvio Kainuussa toteutuvista kunnostuksista tulevista pilaantuneiden massojen määristä ................................................................................................... 43 7.5 Arvio vuoteen 2020 mennessä toteutuvista kunnostuksista tulevista massamääristä .......................................................................................................... 44 8 Lievästi pilaantuneiden massojen käyttäminen kaatopaikkojen rakenteissa ..................................................................................... 46 9 Pilaantuneen alueen kunnostamiseen liittyvä lainsäädäntö ......... 48 9.1 Viranomaisen rooli maaperän pilaantumistapauksissa .............................. 48 9.2 Pilaantuneen alueen kunnostamiseen liittyvä lupamenettely.................. 49 10 Yhteenveto ................................................................................ 50 Kirjallisuus ...................................................................................... 51 Liitteet:........................................................................................... 52 Suomen ympäristökeskuksen käyttämä toimialaluokitus .............................. 53 Öljysäiliökartoitus Kajaanin ydinkeskustan alueella 2004 ............................. 54 Etelä-Savon ympäristökeskuksen kartoitus- ja priorisointimalli ................... 55 Kunnostamattomat kohteet kunnittain ja toimialoittain ................................. 56 Kunnostetut, toiminta jatkuu ................................................................................ 59 Pilaantuneiden massojen määrät tutkituilla ampumaradoilla ........................ 60 Kuvailulehti ..................................................................................... 64 Documentation page ...................................................................... 65 4 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Alueelliset ympäristöjulkaisut 366 Johdanto ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 1.1 Tausta Maaperän ja pohjaveden pilaantuminen on teollistuneiden maiden ympäristöon- gelma. Maaperän ja pohjaveden osittaista pilaantumista on Suomessa ja myös Kainuussa tapahtunut tavallisimmin polttoaineen jakeluasemilla, korjaamoilla ja romuttamoilla, sahoilla, kyllästämöillä, jätteiden käsittelyalueilla ja ampumaradoilla. Tavallisimpia pilaantuneen maaperän ja pohjaveden haitta-aineita ovat öljy-yh- disteet ja raskasmetallit. Toimialan perusteella mahdollisesti
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