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Border Flowers for Beneficials Evening-primrose Flowers at the Border Plant native flowers around your yard to attract pollinators and other beneficial insects. By Heidi Kratsch, Horticulture Specialist Special Publication-14-07 Supported by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. Pollinators, including bees, moths, beetles and beneficial insects. butterflies, are critical to the production of nearly Why native plants? Native plants attract native one-third of the world’s food supply. Our pollinators. Most people are not aware of the pollinator populations are decreasing due to a complex relationships among plants, insects and combination of factors, including habitat loss and other beneficial organisms that have evolved over fragmentation, overuse of pesticides, millions of years. Insects pollinate flowers while malnutrition, disease and parasites. It is they feed on nectar and pollen. Sure, you can imperative that we, as responsible gardeners, attract honeybees by planting almost any nectar- provide food and habitat for pollinators by producing flower. But honeybees are not our only creating patches of sanctuary habitats to support pollinators, and they are not our best pollinators. and preserve these valuable creatures. Honeybees are not even native to North Other beneficial insects that deserve a place in America, so they have not developed the the garden include those that protect our crops specialized plant-pollinator relationships typical of and ornamental landscape plants from herbivory many of our native pollinators. Bottom line, native by pest insects. Sometimes these insects are pollinators, such as solitary bees and wasps, called natural predators or natural enemies. They bumblebees, butterflies and moths do a better help protect our plants by feeding on or pollinating job, and are attracted and supported parasitizing pest insects. Examples include by the native plants with which they evolved. ladybeetles, lacewings, parasitic wasps, ground beetles, minute pirate bugs, praying mantis and This publication provides a list of 50 of the arachnids, such as spiders and predatory mites. most attractive flowering species native to the intermountain western region of the U.S. Included You can protect these valuable garden allies by is information on each species’ lifecycle, size planting flowers that not only attract them but potential, flower color and bloom period, cultural also provide valuable nectar and shelter for requirements, and benefit to pollinators and breeding and overwintering. If you want other beneficial insects. beneficial insects to stick around and do their job, you must provide their basic living needs. Provide But this is only the beginning. If you are serious nectar by planting native flowers that bloom at about providing a pollinator-friendly habitat, different times of the year; and don’t forget to put there are other steps you should take. Limit your out a container of water, such as a birdbath, or use of insecticides, particularly systemic even small dishes of water around your yard. insecticides, which are absorbed through the Leave garden cleanup until late spring. Perennials leaves and stems and transported throughout the and ornamental grasses left standing give shelter plant. Purchase untreated seeds and organic and provide winter interest. Homemade bee vegetable and bedding plant starts. Purchase houses, small piles of stones and areas of bare native plants and seeds from local vendors when ground also provide overwintering sites for possible. 2 ANNUAL FLOWERS sulfur-flower buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum) Rocky Mountain beeplant (Cleome serrulata) blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata) Indian blanket (Gaillardia pulchella) sticky purple geranium (Geranium viscosissimum) common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) old man’s whiskers (Geum triflorum) baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) Utah sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale) hoary verbena (Verbena stricta) showy goldeneye (Heliomeris multiflora) Rocky Mountain iris (Iris missouriensis) Lewis flax Linum( lewisii) PERENNIAL FLOWERS silvery lupine (Lupinus argenteus) common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) smoothstem blazingstar (Mentzelia laevicaulis) nettleleaf giant hyssop Agastache( urticifolia) oblongleaf bluebells (Mertensia oblongifolia) tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum) Colorado four o’clock (Mirabilis multiflora) western pearly everlasting (Anaphalis wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) margaritacea) mountain monardella (Monardella odoratissima) rosy pussytoes (Antennaria rosea) tufted evening-primrose (Oenothera caespitosa) Mohave sandwort (Arenaria macradenia) penstemon (Penstemon spp.) flatbud pricklypoppy (Argemone munita) silky phacelia (Phacelia sericea) heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia) longleaf phlox (Phlox longifolia) columbine (Aquilegia spp.) slender cinquefoil (Potentilla gracilis) butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalis) milkvetch (Astragalus spp.) purple sage (Salvia dorrii) arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata) spearleaf stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum) purple poppymallow (Callirhoe involucrata) Oregon checkerbloom (Sidalcea oregana) lavenderleaf sundrops (Calylophus lavandulifolius) Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) western white clematis Clematis( ligusticifolia) scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea) Blue Mountain prairie clover (Dalea ornata) desert princesplume (Stanleya pinnata) hummingbird trumpet (Epilobium canum) hookedspur violet (Viola adunca) aspen fleabane (Erigeron speciosus) 3 Rocky Mountain beeplant Growing tips: Part shade; moist, organic soil; (Cleome serrulata) nighttime temperatures below 65 F. ANNUAL Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees. Size: 1 to 5 feet Bloom: White, pink, purple; July—September hoary verbena (Verbena stricta) Growing tips: Full sun to part shade; sandy, well- ANNUAL OR SHORT-LIVED PERENNIAL drained soil. Start from seed sowed thickly. Size: 1 to 4 feet Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees and Bloom: Blue-purple; July—September honeybees; larval host for the checkered white Growing tips: Full sun; dry, sandy soil. Seeds butterfly. require two months cold-moist stratification. Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees and Indian blanket (Gaillardia pulchella) butterflies; larval host for the common buckeye ANNUAL butterfly. Size: 1 to 2 feet Bloom: Red, yellow; May—August common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Growing tips: Full to part sun; well-drained, sandy PERENNIAL, zone 3-9 soil. Bloom is prolonged by deadheading and Size: 2 to 3 feet extra summer water. Reseeds readily. Bloom: White, pink; June—September Pollinator benefits: Attracts butterflies and native Growing tips: Full sun to part shade; sandy soil. bees. May be used as a flowering ground cover and mowed to 3 inches to prevent aggressive spread. common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees; supports ANNUAL natural enemies of insect pests. Size: Up to 8 feet Bloom: Yellow; July—October nettleleaf giant hyssop Growing tips: Full sun; prefers dry, disturbed soil. (Agastache urticifolia) PERENNIAL, zone 5-10 Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees. Size: 3 to 6 feet baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) Bloom: Pink, lavender; June—August ANNUAL Growing tips: Part shade; well-drained soil. Size: 6 inches Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees, Bloom: Blue; May—June bumblebees and honeybees. 4 tapertip onion Allium( acuminatum) Bloom: White; April—July PERENNIAL, zone 3-7 Growing tips: Full to part sun; sandy, well-drained Size: 6 to 12 inches soil. Do not overwater. Bloom: Pink, white; May—July Pollinator benefits: Attracts butterflies and native Growing tips: Sun or shade; sandy loam soil. Plant bees. bulbs 3 to 4 inches deep. Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees and flatbud pricklypoppy Argemone( munita) honeybees. PERENNIAL, zone 5-10 Size: 15 to 40 inches western pearly everlasting Bloom: Large, white, yellow centers; June— (Anaphalis margaritacea) September PERENNIAL, zone 4-8 Growing tips: Full sun; dry, infertile, well-drained Size: 1 to 3 feet soil. Deer-resistant. Bloom: White, yellow centers; July—September Pollinator benefits: Attracts native bees, Growing tips: Sun to part shade; sandy, gravelly honeybees, and butterflies. soil. Good for dried flower arrangements. Pollinator benefits: Nectar source for American heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia) lady butterfly; larval host for painted lady PERENNIAL, zone 2 butterfly. Size: 8 to 12 inches Bloom: Yellow; May—August rosy pussytoes (Antennaria rosea) Growing tips: Full to part shade; moist soil. PERENNIAL, zone 2 Size: 8 to 16 inches Pollinator benefits: Attracts butterflies, native bees and bumblebees. Bloom: Pink; June—August Growing tips: Full sun; well-drained soil. Spreads from stolons. May be used as a ground cover; columbine (Aquilegia spp.) tolerates light foot traffic. PERENNIAL, zone 3-8 Pollinator benefits: Attracts butterflies. Size: 6 to 40 inches Bloom: White, yellow, blue, red; spring/summer Mohave sandwort (Arenaria macradenia) Growing tips: Sun to part shade; keep soil moist in PERENNIAL, zone 3-8 spring, dry in summer. Size: 5 to 18 inches Pollinator benefits: Attracts hummingbirds. 5 butterfly milkweedAsclepias ( tuberosa) purple poppymallow PERENNIAL, zone 3-9 (Callirhoe involucrata) Size: 18 to 24 inches PERENNIAL, zone 4-8 Bloom: Flat-topped, bright orange; May— Size: 8 to 12 inches, sprawling to 3 feet September Bloom: White, pink, purple; March—June Growing tips: Full sun to part shade; well-drained Growing tips: Full
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