Mureen Kirjeet Evakkous Ja Elämäntavan Muutos Rajakarjalais-Ortodoksisten Sisarusten Kirjeenvaihdoissa 1930-Luvulta 1970-Luvulle JYU DISSERTATIONS 375

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Mureen Kirjeet Evakkous Ja Elämäntavan Muutos Rajakarjalais-Ortodoksisten Sisarusten Kirjeenvaihdoissa 1930-Luvulta 1970-Luvulle JYU DISSERTATIONS 375 JYU DISSERTATIONS 375 Hannu Heikkilä Mureen kirjeet Evakkous ja elämäntavan muutos rajakarjalais-ortodoksisten sisarusten kirjeenvaihdoissa 1930-luvulta 1970-luvulle JYU DISSERTATIONS 375 Hannu Heikkilä Mureen kirjeet Evakkous ja elämäntavan muutos rajakarjalais-ortodoksisten sisarusten kirjeenvaihdoissa 1930-luvulta 1970-luvulle Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Historica-rakennuksen salissa H320 toukokuun 7. päivänä 2021 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Historica, hall H320 on May 7, 2021 at 12 o’clock noon. JYVÄSKYLÄ 2021 Editors Heli Valtonen Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Timo Hautala Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä Kansikuva: Mureen perhe 1930-luvulla: edessä Ondrei ja Tatjana Mure, takana Klaudia (vas.), Anni, Nasti, Johannes ja Yrjö Mure. Kuva: Suomen Asutusmuseon arkisto. Copyright © 2021, by University of Jyväskylä Permanent link to this publication: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8628-5 ISBN 978-951-39-8628-5 (PDF) URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8628-5 ISSN 2489-9003 ABSTRACT Heikkilä, Hannu The Mure family letters: Written experiences of being displaced and changes in a Border Karelian and Orthodox way of life from the 1930s to the 1970s Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2021, 282 p. (JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003; 375) ISBN 978-951-39-8628-5 This doctoral dissertation examines the written experiences of displaced persons and changes in way of life in their private correspondence. This study concerns the fields of exploration of displaced people, social and cultural research on wars, postwar and peace transition crisis research and historical letter studies. The primary source for the research is an extensive collection of letters preserved by the Border Karelian and Orthodox Mure family. The research method applied is a context-oriented approach to the letters. The Mure family comprised five siblings and their widowed mother during World War II: farmer's widow Tatjana Mure (1876–1947), midwife Klaudia Mure (1900–1947), the mistress of the house Anni Mure (1902–1982), midwife Nasti (Asta Anastasia) Mure (1904–1981), cantor Johannes Mure (1907–1987) and farmer Yrjö Mure (1912–1982). Nowadays the resettlement plot of the Mure fam- ily is a museum, the Finnish Settlement Museum, exhibiting the history of the displaced Karelian population and settled veterans. The letters of the family are archived in the museum, which is located in Lapinlahti, northern Savo. The siblings’ status in the local community was tied to their professions and social awareness. The way of life of the siblings originated primarily in the tradi- tions of Border Karelia and rusticity, combined with the ideals of Finnish identity and culture. This dissertation contends that the Mure siblings, on the one hand, had an epistolary way of life. Letters played a considerable part in family rela- tions. Letter writing was a family strategy and the siblings cherished family tra- ditions by means of letters. They had what is known as a ‘documentative life’ (tallettava elämä) that describes the siblings’ activity as letter collectors. For displaced people in general, World War II had an effect on the experi- ence of home, and some of the displaced Karelians had nostalgic memories. Work and lived Orthodox religion were experienced as continuities. Both the resettle- ment of Karelians and the peace transition crisis of the Orthodox Church in Fin- land were tense. Significant structural changes in society and experiences of them gave rise to a political movement in which small farmers and resettled farmers partici- pated from the end of 1950s to the 1970s. Keywords: way of life, life writing, letters, displaced Karelians, the Orthodox Church in Finland, the Second World War, postwar, peace transition crisis, structural changes in society, siblings, documentative life TIIVISTELMÄ Heikkilä, Hannu Mureen kirjeet: Evakkous ja elämäntavan muutos rajakarjalais-ortodoksisten sisarusten kirjeenvaihdoissa 1930-luvulta 1970-luvulle Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2021, 282 p. (JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003; 375) ISBN 978-951-39-8628-5 Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan vastavuoroisiin yksityiskirjeenvaihtoihin kirjoitettuja evakkouden kokemuksia ja kirjeiden kuvaamaa elämäntavan muuttumista. Tutkimus sijoittuu siirtoväkitutkimuksen, sodan sosiaali- ja kulttuurihistoriantutkimusten, postwar- ja rauhankriisien tutkimusten sekä historiallisen kirjetutkimuksen kentille. Päälähteenä käytetään yhden rajakarjalais-ortodoksisen Mureen sisarusperheen laajaa kirjekokoelmaa, jota analysoidaan kontekstoivalla lukutavalla. Toisen maailmansodan vuosina viisi 1900-luvun alussa syntynyttä sisarusta ja heidän leskiäitinsä muodostivat perheen, johon kuuluivat emäntä Tatjana Mure (1876–1947), kätilö Klaudia Mure (1900–1947), emäntä Anni Mure (1902– 1982), kätilö Nasti (Asta Anastasia) Mure (1904–1981), kanttori Johannes Mure (1907–1987) ja maanviljelijä Yrjö Mure (1912–1982). Mureen sisarusten sodan jäl- keen rakentama asutustila Pohjois-Savossa on nykyisin siirtoväen ja rintama- miesten asuttamisen historiaa esittelevänä erikoismuseona, Suomen Asutusmu- seona. Kirjekokoelmaa säilytetään Asutusmuseon arkistossa. Mureen sisarusten yhteisöllinen asema oli sidoksissa heidän ammatteihinsa ja yhteiskunnalliseen valveutuneisuuteensa. Sisarusten elämäntapa kiinnittyi ra- jakarjalaiseen ja talonpoikaisen traditioon, johon yhdistyivät suomalaisuuden ja sivistyksen ihanteet. Tutkimuksessa osoitetaan myös, että Mureen sisaruksilla oli niin sanottu kirjoittava elämäntapa. He säilyttivät perhesuhteensa ja vaalivat ra- jakarjalaisuuttaan kirjeitse, mitä kuvataan perhestrategian ja tallettavan elämän käsitteillä. Sota, evakkous ja siirtokarjalaisuus vaikuttivat kodin kokemiseen, ja siirto- karjalaisten kokemuksellinen suhde entiseen Karjalan aikaan saattoi olla nostal- ginen. Työ ja eletty ortodoksinen uskonto koettiin jatkuvuuksina, vaikka niin asutustilaan kuin ortodoksisen kirkkokunnan rauhankriisiin liittyi jännitteitä ja ristiriitoja. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen elämäntapaan vaikuttivat asutustoi- minta, ortodoksisuuden jälleenrakentaminen ja maataloustuotannon muutokset. Yhteiskunnan rakennemuutos herätti poliittisen liikkeen, johon pienviljelijä-asu- tustilalliset osallistuivat. Avainsanat: elämäntapa, kokemukset, kirjeet, siirtoväki, ortodoksisuus, toinen maailmansota, rauhankriisi, rakennemuutos, sisarukset, tallettava elämä Author’s address Hannu Heikkilä Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Email [email protected] ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-7320 Supervisors Docent Heli Valtonen Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Docent Anu Koskivirta Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Professor Outi Fingerroos Department of History and Ethnology University of Jyväskylä Reviewers Professor Tiina Kinnunen University of Oulu Docent Kati Parppei University of Eastern Finland Opponent Professor Tiina Kinnunen University of Oulu ESIPUHE Tämän väitöskirjan tekemiseen innoittivat Mureen perheen kirjeet, jotka kuulu- vat Suomen Asutusmuseon kokoelmaan. Tutustuminen kirjeisiin kesällä 2012 herätti tutkimuksellisen mielenkiinnon, joka kantoi läpi pro gradu -tutkielman ja väitöskirjatyön. Tutkimuksen tekeminen on ollut uuden oppimista ja uusiin ih- misiin tutustumista. Suuret kiitokset Asutusmuseosäätiön hallituksen jäsenille, erityisesti Pekka Mikkoselle ja Kirsti Tiirikaiselle, sekä muille Asutusmuseon toi- minnassa mukana olleille ja museokävijöille. Teidän kiinnostuksenne tutkimus- työtä kohtaan on ollut innostavaa. Tutkimusta ovat rahoittaneet OLVI-säätiö, Jalmari Finnen Säätiö, Suomen Kulttuurirahaston Pohjois-Savon rahaston Aili ja Helvi Rissasen nimikkorahasto ja Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta. Tutki- mukseen liittyviä arkisto- ja konferenssimatkoja ovat tukeneet Karjalan Säätiö ja Jyväskylän yliopiston historian ja etnologian laitos. Myöntämänne rahoitus mah- dollisti päätoimisen tutkimustyön, mistä lausun lämpimät kiitokset. Väitöskirjaohjaajani laitosjohtaja Heli Valtonen, dosentti Anu Koskivirta ja professori Outi Fingerroos ovat ohjanneet ja tukeneet tutkimuksen tekemistä ja tutkijuuteen kasvamista monella tapaa. Kiitos. Tutkimuksen esitarkastajina oli- vat professori Tiina Kinnunen ja dosentti Kati Parppei, joiden lausunnot ja yksi- tyiskohtaiset huomiot edistivät käsikirjoituksen viimeistelemistä. Lisäksi Tiina Kinnunen lupautui vastaväittäjäkseni. Kiitos teillekin. Historian ja etnologian laitos työpaikkana sekä koko työyhteisö ovat edis- täneet tutkimuksen tekemistä. Läheisimpinä ovat näinä vuosina olleet työhuo- neen H135 kollegat Katja Pyötsiä, Karoliina Puranen, Iida Luukkonen, Elina Kauppinen, Anna Niiranen, Veikka Kilpeläinen, Petteri Impola, Lauri Julkunen ja Ville Häkkinen. Yhteiset lounashetket ovat olleet virkistäviä. Laitoksen tutki- jaseminaarit ja talviseminaarit ovat tarjonneet monipuolisen palautteen ja kes- kustelun. Talviseminaarien oppiainerajat ylittävistä keskusteluista mieleeni ovat jääneet erityisesti Eerika Koskinen-Koiviston ja Konsta Kajanderin puheenvuorot. Tutkimuksen alkuvaiheessa professori Pertti Ahosen johtaman Postwar-tutki- muskeskittymän kokoontumiset mahdollistivat innostavan ympäristön tutki- mustehtävän pohtimiseen. Viimeistelyvaiheessa professori Petri Karosen
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