DOCSLIB.ORG

Tasmania's Green Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tasmania's Green Disease Tasmania’s Green Disease DAVID BARNETT Going Green is a great way to end up in the red. A look at the decay of the island State. ASMANIA is chronically ill herself as a national from the Green virus, and figure, and to win a seat wasting away. According to in the Tasmanian Leg- T the Australian Statistician, islative Assembly. Tasmania is the only State or Territory It is also Bob whose population will decline—regardless Hawke, who was Prime of which of the ABS’s three sets of assump- Minister when the tions are used about immigration, fertility Wesley Vale project Photo removed for reasons of copyright and interstate population flows. By the was proposed, and year 2051, Tasmania’s population will be Graham Richardson, down from its present level of 473,000 to Hawke’s environment either (depending on which set you adopt) minister. You should 462,100, 445,700 or 418,500 people. also include Tasma- Perhaps Tasmanians are fortunate that nian Senator Shayne their fertile and pleasant island has be- Murphy, although he come an economic backwater, and a place made his contribution for mainlanders to escape the hustle and as an official of the Construction, Forestry Robin Gray a thermal power station and bustle which goes along with economic and Mining Union (CFMEU). a lump of money to abandon the Franklin activity, the roar of urban traffic which is Tasmania’s unemployment rate is 10.6 project. the consequence of two cars in every ga- per cent, against a national average of 7.5 Gray saw himself as another Charles rage. per cent; despite a decline in population Court, the Western Australian Premier If that is so, Tasmanians, providing as a result of interstate immigration dur- who incited tiffs with Fraser, and profited they can find jobs, should be gratified, ing the year to March of 4,650, or one per from ‘standing up to Canberra’. Court because Tasmania’s fate is mostly, if not cent. picked his issues so that they were storms completely, all their own work. Tasman- There hasn’t been a worthwhile devel- in teacups, not fundamental conflicts ians vote consistently for the Green and opment project in Tasmania for decades. which would inflict real harm on a frater- ALP politicians who have made their Incat, one of the world’s leading boat- nal government. State so quaint. builders, is Tasmanian, but that just hap- Gray’s other role model was the They have just done it again, tipping pened as the result of the enterprise of one Queensland Premier, Sir Johannes Bjelke- out a State Liberal government and dis- man, Robert Clifford, whose success sur- Petersen, whose antipathy to Canberra missing the last two Liberals among their prised everybody. was deep seated. The Franklin was no five members of the House of Representa- The rot began 25 years ago, with the storm in a teacup. tives. flooding of Lake Pedder, in the central Gray had been elected on a develop- The consequence, as Peter Nixon re- Tasmanian highlands, to generate electric- ment programme after the ALP Premier ported early last year in his joint Common- ity. The ALP Premier, Eric Reece—aka Doug Lowe had vacillated for a year. wealth–State Inquiry into the Tasmanian ‘Electric Eric’—who was strongly commit- The Whitlam Government had ac- economy, is that Tasmania has an un- ted to development driven by hydro-elec- cepted the right of the Reece ALP Gov- friendly business environment. tric power, was cheered in the Tasmanian ernment to proceed with the Pedder Nixon told the Prime Minister, John Assembly when he announced that, scheme in the 1970s, but the price had Howard, who commissioned the report in Green opposition notwithstanding, the been high—Lake Pedder contributed to October 1996, and the State Premier, Pedder project would go ahead. Whitlam’s landslide loss in 1975. Tony Rundle, who lost office in Septem- Less than a decade later, a proposal by The Hawke-led ALP was not about to ber 1998, that this unfriendly business the then Hydro-Electric Commission to put economic development ahead of po- environment made it difficult to develop dam the Franklin River, in south-west Tas- litical considerations. It had, as a basic manufacturing industries which would be mania, as the last major project of the strategy, a determination to exploit the viable and competitive on world markets. State’s hydro-electric development pro- concern about the environment which ‘This factor has been associated with gramme, was defeated by Green agitation. had developed—concern helped along by the high levels of sovereign risk associated The issue became symbolic. Greens the highest rate of population growth in with the Tasmanian forestry industry,’ said around Australia took up the cudgels on the developed world, which, ironically, Nixon in his report. behalf of a river they had never seen. The was a basic strategy of the Hawke Gov- ‘Sovereign risk’, in the context of Tas- Coalition government of Prime Minister ernment. mania’s forests, is comprised of Senator Malcolm Fraser, sensing the electoral tide The Franklin became an issue in the Bob Brown and of Christine Milne—who and the strength of conservationist senti- 1983 election campaign which tipped out used the Wesley Vale project to launch ment, offered Tasmania’s Liberal Premier the Fraser Government—a case can be ▲ MARCH 1999 3 made that it was the decisive issue: ing newsprint without the benefit of tariff in the middle of the nation’s best horti- greenies in platypus suits haunted Liberal protection. cultural land, where Christine Milne had and National Party candidates across Aus- Associated Pulp and Paper Mills a farm. tralia. (APPM) operated on Tasmania’s north- As with Pedder and the Franklin, Newly installed as Prime Minister, Bob west coast, producing pulp at Burnie and Wesley Vale became a politico-emotional Hawke forced the cancellation of the paper at Wesley Vale, near Devonport. It battleground, launching Milne on a po- Franklin project by having it listed as a is a remarkable part of Australia, possessed litical career which took her to the Tas- World Heritage area at the United Na- of rich, red, well-watered basalt soil. No- manian Assembly, where she was to re- tions and legislating to enforce the can- where else in Australia is so suitable for main until unseated in September 1998. cellation; legislation ruled (by 4 to 3) con- horticulture. For the ALP government in Canberra, stitutionally valid by the High Court. Burnie had a pulp mill, a paper mill Wesley Vale was another political god- Tasmania got no thermal power sta- and a hardboard mill marketed as send. Hawke appointed Richardson to be tion. It got top-up money to build the King Burnieboard. At Wesley Vale, another environment minister in 1988, not be- and Anthony dams on the West Coast, APPM mill produced white paper. The cause Richo was a famous greenie, but be- which made up 112 megawatts of the 180 plant was antiquated, and the operation cause, as former NSW ALP machine man, megawatts which the Franklin would have survived behind a 25 per cent tariff which he was a famous political operator. supplied at less cost, and an undertaking was already moving down. Hawke and Richardson could not deny that the other 68 megawatts would be fi- In these circumstances, APPM de- that they knew there were playing fast and nanced if there was ever a demand for it. cided on a new mill at Wesley Vale to pro- loose with the livelihoods of the Burnie It can be argued that, from that mo- duce pulp by the kraft process, which uses workforce, as they shifted the environ- ment, Tasmania’s downhill course was set. caustic soda to dissolve lignin. mental requirements on Wesley Vale The ALP was ever mindful that saving a The new Wesley Vale mill was to be a around, in order to wring every last drop Tasmanian tree at the cost of a Tasmanian massive project, involving capital invest- of political capital out of the project. job was worth votes on mainland Aus- ment of $1 billion. APPM brought in a It was just as obvious to then ACTU tralia. A pattern emerged of knuckling un- partner, the Canadian firm Noranda. President Simon Crean, who said at the der to Green pressures, mobilized nation- Wesley Vale was to produce 440,000 time that the company was prepared to ally, to rescue this river or that forest from tonnes of pulp a year on an internation- comply with standards more stringent capitalism. ally competitive basis. There would be than any in the world, and no government Brown made his name campaigning 20,000 tonnes for the Tasmanian mills, could ask for more. against the Franklin. He got 10 years in with 420,000 tonnes being exported. There were other factors at work, as the Tasmanian Assembly as a member for APPM, wholly own by the listed there always are. Robin Gray’s environ- Denison from 1983 to 1993, and has been North Limited, wanted the Wesley Vale ment minister, Peter Hodgman, became elected for six more as a Senator. He was pulp mill as a replacement for its Burnie nervous about the strength of the Green elected as a conservationist, but pursues a pulp mill, which was 50 years old and at push, so that the State government ap- Left agenda. the end of its working life, although they peared ambiguous and uncertain in its sup- It may be difficult for the rest of us to never did say so. They sited it next to their port for APPM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Australian Political Writings 2009-10
    Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library Information, analysis and advice for the Parliament BIBLIOGRAPHY www.aph.gov.au/library Selected Australian political writings 2009‐10 Contents Biographies ............................................................................................................................. 2 Elections, electorate boundaries and electoral systems ......................................................... 3 Federalism .............................................................................................................................. 6 Human rights ........................................................................................................................... 6 Liberalism and neoliberalism .................................................................................................. 6 Members of Parliament and their staff .................................................................................... 7 Parliamentary issues ............................................................................................................... 7 Party politics .......................................................................................................................... 13 Party politics- Australian Greens ........................................................................................... 14 Party politics- Australian Labor Party .................................................................................... 14 Party politics-
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study: Tasmania
    1968 the ACF purchased private land to add to the that Australia’s population be kept at the “optimum.” Alfred National Park in East Gippsland, with funds The submission was based on papers by Barwick, Chit- raised by ACF Councillor Sir Maurice Mawby, the tleborough, Fenner, and future ACF president H.C. Managing Director of Conzinc Riotinto Australia “Nugget” Coombs, a people-hater to rival Philip him- (CRA), now Rio Tinto—the Queen’s own mining com- self. Coombs once said, “The whole [human] species pany. Mawby was chairman of the ACF’s Benefactors [has] become itself a disease. [T]he human species and National Sponsors Committee. [is] like a cancerous growth reproducing itself beyond control.” Eradicate the ‘Plague’ . of People In the Nov. 23, 1970 issue of the Melbourne Herald, Prince Philip authored a full-page feature entitled Case Study: Tasmania “Wildlife Crisis: Every Life Form Is in Danger.” Under the subhead “Plague of People,” he declared: “The phe- nomenon now widely described as the population ex- Tasmania today is a Green basket case. Over half of the plosion means that the human race has reached plague state is locked up in a complex system of nature re- proportions.” Upon assuming the presidency of the serves, including Australia’s biggest declared wilder- ACF a few months later, the Duke emphasized the im- ness area, in the Southwest (Figure 4). Green policies portance of two conservation issues: national parks and have decimated traditional Tasmanian economic activi- population. The loudest early voices in Australia for ties such as forestry and agriculture, and it has the population reduction were all “experts” associated with lowest population growth in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence on the U.S. Environmental Movement
    Australian Journal of Politics and History: Volume 61, Number 3, 2015, pp.414-431. Exemplars and Influences: Transnational Flows in the Environmental Movement CHRISTOPHER ROOTES Centre for the Study of Social and Political Movements, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK Transnational flows of ideas are examined through consideration of Green parties, Friends of the Earth, and Earth First!, which represent, respectively, the highly institutionalised, the semi- institutionalised and the resolutely non-institutionalised dimensions of environmental activism. The focus is upon English-speaking countries: US, UK and Australia. Particular attention is paid to Australian cases, both as transmitters and recipients of examples. The influence of Australian examples on Europeans has been overstated in the case of Green parties, was negligible in the case of Friends of the Earth, but surprisingly considerable in the case of Earth First!. Non-violent direct action in Australian rainforests influenced Earth First! in both the US and UK. In each case, the flow of influence was mediated by individuals, and outcomes were shaped by the contexts of the recipients. Introduction Ideas travel. But they do not always travel in straight lines. The people who are their bearers are rarely single-minded; rather, they carry and sometimes transmit all sorts of other ideas that are in varying ways and to varying degrees discrepant one with another. Because the people who carry and transmit them are in different ways connected to various, sometimes overlapping, sometimes discrete social networks, ideas are not only transmitted in variants of their pure, original form, but they become, in these diverse transmuted forms, instantiated in social practices that are embedded in differing institutional contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Senator Bob Brown - Australian Greens
    Senator Bob Brown - Australian Greens Bob Brown, born in 1944, was educated in rural New South Wales, became captain of Blacktown Boys High School in Sydney and graduated in medicine from Sydney University in 1968. He became the Director of the Wilderness Society which organised the blockade of the dam-works on Tasmania’s wild Franklin River in 1982/3. Some 1500 people were arrested and 600 jailed, including Bob Brown who spent 19 days in Risdon Prison. On the day of his release, he was elected as the first Green into Tasmania's Parliament. After federal government intervention, the Franklin River was protected in 1983. As a State MP, Bob Brown introduced a wide range of private member's initiatives, including for freedom of information, death with dignity, lowering parliamentary salaries, gay law reform, banning the battery-hen industry and nuclear free Tasmania. Some succeeded, others not. Regrettably, his 1987 bill to ban semi-automatic guns was voted down by both Liberal and Labor members of the House of Assembly, seven years before the Port Arthur massacre. In 1989, he led the parliamentary team of five Greens which held the balance of power with the Field Labor Government. The Greens saved 25 schools from closure, instigated the Local Employment Initiatives which created more than 1000 jobs in depressed areas, doubled the size of Tasmania's Wilderness World Heritage Area to 1.4 million hectares, created the Douglas-Apsley National Park and supported tough fiscal measures to recover from the debts of the previous Liberal regime. Bob resigned from the State Parliament in 1993 and Christine Milne took over as leader of the Tasmanian Greens.
    [Show full text]
  • Tasmania's Native Vegetation Policy
    TASMANIA’S NATIVE VEGETATION POLICY: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK By STEPHEN HARRIS BSc (Hons), MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania March 2011 i STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any University, and to the best of my knowledge, contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously written or published by any other person except where due reference is given in the text. Stephen Harris University of Tasmania HOBART March 2011 ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY OF ACCESS This thesis is not to be made available for loan or copying for two years following the date this statement was signed. Following that time the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Stephen Harris University of Tasmania HOBART March 2011 iii STATEMENT OF CO-AUTHORSHIP The following people and institutions contributed to the publication of the work undertaken as part of this thesis: Harris, Shaw and Crane (2009) on ex situ conservation planning for Tasmania. S. Harris (60%), J. Shaw, University of Stellenbosch (25%) and N. Crane, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (15%) Details of authors’ roles: S. Harris made key contribution to the formulation and development of the idea, sourced relevant data and information, and directed and led the preparation and refinement of initial and successive drafts. J. Shaw contributed to the development of the paper, sourced some data on threatened species and provided input on the early drafts of the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • PRIVATE RIGHTS, PROTEST and PLACE in BROWN V TASMANIA
    PRIVATE RIGHTS, PROTEST AND PLACE IN BROWN v TASMANIA PATRICK EMERTON AND MARIA O’SULLIVAN* I INTRODUCTION Protest is an important means of political communication in a contemporary democracy. Indeed, a person’s right to protest goes to the heart of the relationship between an individual and the state. In this regard, protest is about power. On one hand, there is the power of individuals to act individually or a collective to communicate their concerns about the operation of governmental policies or business activities. On the other, the often much stronger power wielded by a state to restrict that communication in the public interest. As part of this, state authorities may seek to limit certain protest activities on the basis that they are disruptive to public or commercial interests. The question is how the law should reconcile these competing interests. In this paper, we recognise that place is often integral to protest, particularly environmental protest. In many cases, place will be inextricably linked to the capacity of protest to result in influence. This is important given that the central aim of protest is usually to be an agent of change. As a result, the purpose of any legislation which seeks to protect business activities from harm and disruption goes to the heart of contestations about protest and power. In a recent analysis of First Amendment jurisprudence, Seidman suggests that [t]here is an intrinsic relationship between the right to speak and the ownership of places and things. Speech must occur somewhere and, under modern conditions, must use some things for purposes of amplification.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradoxes of Protection Evolution of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service and National Parks and Reserved Lands System
    Paradoxes of Protection Evolution of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service and National Parks and Reserved Lands System By Dr Louise Crossley May 2009 A Report for Senator Christine Milne www.christinemilne.org.au Australian Greens Cover image: Lake Gwendolen from the track to the summit of Frenchmans Cap, Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area Photo: Matt Newton Photography Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1 1. THE INITIAL ESTABLISHMENT OF PARKS AND RESERVES; UTILITARIANS VERSUS CONSERVATIONISTS 1915-1970....................................................................... 3 1.1 The Scenery Preservation Board as the first manager of reserved lands ............................................................ 3 1.2 Extension of the reserved lands system ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3The wilderness value of wasteland ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Inadequacies of the Scenery Protection Board ...................................................................................................... 4 2. THE ESTABLISHMENT AND ‘GLORY DAYS’ OF THE NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 1971-81 ........................................................................................... 6 2.1 The demise of the Scenery Preservation Board and the Lake Pedder controversy
    [Show full text]
  • Power & Environmental Policy : Tasmanian Ecopolitics from Pedder
    Power & Environmental Policy: Tasmanian Ecopolitics from Pedder to Wesley Vale. bY Catherine M. Crowley" B. Arts, (Mon.), Dip. Ed., (Rusden) & Dip. Rec., (Phillip Inst.). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, May 1994. 1 all other publications by the name of Kate Crowley. Statements This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any tertiary institution. To the best of the candidate's knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis. This thesis may be available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. v1/1274 Catherine M Crow elf - Date ii Power and Environmental Policy: Tasmanian Eco politics from Pedder to Wesley Vale Abstract It is argued that the realisation of ecopolitical values, interests and demands is inevitably constrained by material interests within advanced industrial societies. The policy environment in the state of Tasmania is examined, and both a traditional affirmation and accommodation of the goals of industrial development, and a resistance to the more recent ecopolitical challenge to established state interests is found. However, a review of four key environmental disputes finds that the politics of ecology ('ecopolitics'), despite routine constraint by material interests, continues to defy predictions
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Ideology in the Tasmanian Labor Party
    Structure and Ideology in the Tasmanian Labor Party: Postmaterialism and Party change ,- By Peter James Patmore LL.B., Dip. Crim. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements fo r the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania, March 2000 II This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously pubJished or written by another person except where due acknowledgment is made in the text ofthe thesis. ................�................. �---=;,.......... Peter Patmore 23" February 2000. III This thesis is not to be made available for loan or copying for two years fo llowing the date this statement is signed. Following that time the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Peter Pa tmore 23'" February 2000 iv ABSTRACT The Tasmanian Labor Party has found itself, like many western social democratic parties, recently subject to challenge; not from its traditional enemy, the economic right, but froma new postmaterialist left. This thesis considers the concept of postmaterialism, its rise and role in the fo rmation of new ecocentric political parties, and its impact on the structure, ideology and electoral strategy of the Tasmanian Labor Party. Maurice Duverger's typology of political parties has been used to elucidate and consider the characteristics and fo rmation of political parties and the importance of electoral systems - particularly proportional representation - in achieving representational success.
    [Show full text]
  • Inaugural Speech – Felix Ashton Ellis MP
    Terry Martin MLC Legislative Council Date: 18 May 2004 Electorate: Elwick FORMER PREMIER, JIM BACON Mr AIRD (Derwent - Leader of the Government in the Council - Motion) - Mr President, I move – That the Legislative Council places on record its deep appreciation to the former Premier, Jim Bacon, for his outstanding contribution to the Tasmanian people as a member of parliament from 1996 until 2004, as Leader of the Parliamentary Labor Party from 1997 to 2004 and as Premier of the State from 1998 to 2004. The Legislative Council pays tribute to a great Tasmanian, and wishes him and his wife Honey the very best for the future. Mr PRESIDENT - The question is that the motion be agreed to. The honourable member for Elwick has the call and as this is the honourable member's inaugural speech, I know that all honourable members will extend to him the usual courtesies. Mr MARTIN (Elwick - Inaugural) - Mr President, I do understand that it is normal practice for new members to give themselves at least a few days to settle in before making their inaugural speech and when they do so, it is quite normal to talk about what motivated them to stand for the Legislative Council and what they hope to achieve. However, I have found myself in somewhat of a predicament for when I realised that this motion was before the Council I felt that I simply would not be able to sit there without commenting on this motion in order to place on record not only my enormous respect for Jim Bacon and my gratitude for the contribution he has made to the State but also to express the heartfelt respect and gratitude of the majority of my constituents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of the Australian Greens
    Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library Information, analysis and advice for the Parliament RESEARCH PAPER www.aph.gov.au/library 22 September 2008, no. 8, 2008–09, ISSN 1834-9854 The rise of the Australian Greens Scott Bennett Politics and Public Administration Section Executive summary The first Australian candidates to contest an election on a clearly-espoused environmental policy were members of the United Tasmania Group in the 1972 Tasmanian election. Concerns for the environment saw the emergence in the 1980s of a number of environmental groups, some contested elections, with successes in Western Australia and Tasmania. An important development was the emergence in the next decade of the Australian Greens as a unified political force, with Franklin Dam activist and Tasmanian MP, Bob Brown, as its nationally-recognised leader. The 2004 and 2007 Commonwealth elections have resulted in five Australian Green Senators in the 42nd Parliament, the best return to date. This paper discusses the electoral support that Australian Greens candidates have developed, including: • the emergence of environmental politics is placed in its historical context • the rise of voter support for environmental candidates • an analysis of Australian Greens voters—who they are, where they live and the motivations they have for casting their votes for this party • an analysis of the difficulties such a party has in winning lower house seats in Australia, which is especially related to the use of Preferential Voting for most elections • the strategic problems that the Australian Greens—and any ‘third force’—have in the Australian political setting • the decline of the Australian Democrats that has aided the Australian Greens upsurge and • the question whether the Australian Greens will ever be more than an important ‘third force’ in Australian politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
    ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA STEPHEN WILKS Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, Or what’s a heaven for? Robert Browning, ‘Andrea del Sarto’ The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. Edward John Phelps Earle Page as seen by L.F. Reynolds in Table Talk, 21 October 1926. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463670 ISBN (online): 9781760463687 WorldCat (print): 1198529303 WorldCat (online): 1198529152 DOI: 10.22459/NPM.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This publication was awarded a College of Arts and Social Sciences PhD Publication Prize in 2018. The prize contributes to the cost of professional copyediting. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Earle Page strikes a pose in early Canberra. Mildenhall Collection, NAA, A3560, 6053, undated. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS Illustrations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Abbreviations . xiii Prologue: ‘How Many Germans Did You Kill, Doc?’ . xv Introduction: ‘A Dreamer of Dreams’ . 1 1 . Family, Community and Methodism: The Forging of Page’s World View . .. 17 2 . ‘We Were Determined to Use Our Opportunities to the Full’: Page’s Rise to National Prominence .
    [Show full text]