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The Church and Violence Against Women THE CHURCH AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN A THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION COURSE Prepared by WEAVERS: Women in Theological Education of South Pacific Association of Theological Schools 1 THE CHURCH AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Weavers: Women in Theological Education November 2006 2 THE CHURCH AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN The Church and Violence against Women Copyright 2006 Weavers/SPATS Published by the Weavers/SPATS, Suva, Fiji, November 2006 Weavers Cover Design: James Bhagwan Printing: Quality Print 3 FOREWORD The Church and Violence against Women is the end product of a four-year project that began in 2003 with a forum to raise people’s awareness on how women and children are affected by violence. This was followed by a regional workshop in 2004 to conscientize the participants about the seriousness of violence. In 2006, a regional curriculum consultation of South Pacific Association of Theological Schools (SPATS) member schools was held to review a draft of materials prepared by the Weavers’ Violence Against Women Committee. This consultation also helped in designing the final form of this study material. This is a Weavers’ dream come true! We have finally managed to make a practical contribution toward the enrichment of the current theological curriculum. It is Weavers’ hope that this course will become a tool to help those who study it gain a better understanding of the factors affecting our human relationships. We pray that it will contribute to a reduction if not elimination, of violence against women. I would like to acknowledge the work of Dr Joan A. Filemoni-Tofaeono, the former coordinator of Weavers who pioneered this VAW project. Thanks also goes to the founding coordinator of Weavers, Lisa Meo who courageously advocated for women’s concerns to be included in theological education in the Pacific. May their vision of partnership and equality continue to empower women and men in theological education. I acknowledge with heartfelt appreciation the efforts of those who have contributed to the production of this material, with my special thanks to Rosalyn Nokise, Tevita Havea and Koila Olsson. I also acknowledge with appreciation the work of the following contributors: Rev. Dr. Taipisia Leilua, Ivan Williams, Akanisi Tarabe, Shamima Ali and the Fiji Women’s Crisis Centre, Titilia Vokadewavosa, Taumua Toma, Rev. Dr. Feleterika Nokise, Tevita N. Banivanua and Vikatolia Solomone. Weavers appreciates greatly the generosity of those who have funded this project which would not have been possible if it were not for your kind donations. May this manual enable us all to understand one another better, and may it strengthen our mission as the church to overcome violence against women and all of God’s creation. Mercy Ah Siu-Maliko Coordinator of Weavers SPATS Suva FIJI 4 CONTENTS About the Course 6 Aims 6 Learning Objectives 7 Study/Learning Strategies 7 Course Requirements and Assessment 8 Course Outline 8 Unit 1: Facts about Violence 11 Unit 2: Human Rights and Violence 27 Unit 3: Violence against Women and the Bible 35 Unit 4: The Church and its Role in Overcoming Violence 41 Readings 49 Further Suggested Readings 149 VAW Theme Song 151 5 About the Course The Church and Violence against Women is an interdisciplinary course that brings together secular, theological, Biblical, ministry and church history views on the issue of violence in general and specifically, violence against women. These materials have been designed primarily for use in SPATS’ member schools as an interdisciplinary course. Given sufficient command of written English, the materials may be considered appropriate for any level of the curriculum. The Study Book and Reader which form the course materials, has been designed for individual self study but could provide the basis for discussion groups, tutorials and seminars. For less academic purposes, it supplies information and ideas for talks or lectures (and sermons?) and may be of use outside of a formal curriculum. Unfortunately, it seems that most societies are blighted by violence, including violence against women. While the course materials contain some accounts of actual violence having taken place, it is suggested that referring to local examples will be important to drive home the need for us all, in our immediate localities, to be active in combating this scourge. Aims The aims of this course are to * emphasize for its users the reality of violence against women in our communities as well as in the global community; * have users review their own knowledge of and attitude towards this phenomenon, and to * help in the development of skills and determination to combat it. The course should help us to recognize the significance of the redemptive and prophetic role of the Church in condemning violence and to activate that role in combating it. 6 Learning Objectives There are two main types of objectives of this course, one is knowledge based and the other is skills based. From a knowledge-based perspective, the course should develop the user’s ability to achieve the following objectives: . to be able to identify the many forms of violence and to delineate in particular violence against women; . to define human rights as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; . to explain human rights in terms of its biblical and theological foundations; . to identify key texts that have been used to justify and tolerate violence against women; . to identify texts that condemn violence against women . to define the role of the Church in combating violence against women. From a skills based perspective, the participant at the end of the course should . be able to select and interpret critically Biblical stories where violence is overcome, and to compare them with stories from our own communities; . be able to demonstrate practical skills (preaching, pastoral caring, pastoral counselling, etc.) effective in the fight to overcome violence against women. be able to identify and change one’s participation in violence Study/learning strategies The following methodologies are recommended for this course. It is, of course, up to the learning facilitator to select the most appropriate ways to deliver the content depending on the needs, culture and environment of learning of the participants. Other methodologies could be added to the list below. Lectures Group discussions Story telling sessions Personal testimony - informal talk (localize setting of discussion) Audio & Video presentations Guest lecturers and speakers including panel discussions from churches, cultural groups and organizations dealing with violence. (Health, Law, Women’s Crisis Centres, Refuge centers etc.) Role plays/skits Use of appropriate photographs, art work Case studies. 7 Visits to Crisis Centres, prisons, human rights organizations Although the course materials are designed for independent study, the content may be delivered in a variety of ways to achieve the course objectives. Course requirements and assessment If this course is going to form part of an assessed curriculum, the following guidelines for completion and assessment might prove useful. In order to meet the requirements of this course it is essential that the students submit all pieces of work for assessment. Assessment is based on 50% coursework and 50% final examination. Three coursework items will be assessed: * active participation (contributions to class discussions) (10%) * a presentation (and sharing) in class of an original case study (10%) * a Term Paper on a relevant aspect of the life of the Church as a redemptive Church in the New Testament. (30%) * A final examination in which the content of the course will be examined. (50%) Course Outline The following schedule is a tentative one and not prescriptive. For SPATS schools and colleges the course may be covered in two hours of face-to-face class time per week plus at least as much private study time, for one term. Weeks Topics 1–2 Introduction to the Course o Course outline o Aims and Objectives o Course requirements o Introduction to violence 3–4 Unit 1: Facts about Violence 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 Biblical and theological meaning of violence 1.3 Common concerns about violence What is violence? The different forms of violence Statistics on violence 1.4 Violence against women in Pacific cultures 1.5 Why do men abuse women? 1.6 Why do women stay in situations of domestic violence? Self-Blame Confusion between violence and love Violence as attention Family pride and honour Women as passive and nurturing Violence and isolation Threat of increased violence Society’s lack of resources 1.7 Impact on children Discussion questions References 5–6 Unit 2: Human Rights and Violence 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Defining and applying the concepts ‘rights’ and ‘human rights’ What is a right? What does respect for a right mean? Who has these rights? Some examples of ‘human rights’ Are rights a new idea for the Pacific? Do we have to do anything in return for rights? 2.3 Biblical and theological perspectives on human rights 2.4 How are human rights ‘Christian’? Discussion questions References 7–8 Unit 3: Violence against Women and the Bible 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Violence in the scriptures 3.3 Textual criticism and theological constructions in the service of Violence or Peace? * Old Testament texts (Hebrew Texts) and their theological implications. * New Testament texts (Christian Texts) and their theological implications. 3.4 A process for critical textual critique and theological analysis Discussion questions 9 References 9–10 Unit 4: The Church and its Role in Overcoming Violence 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The redemptive and prophetic role of the church 4.3 The role of the church in the light of the biblical stories in which violence is overcome 4.4 Relevant approaches the church could use in overcoming violence Discussion questions References 11-14 Class Presentations, Recapitulation and Evaluation 10 UNIT 1: FACTS ABOUT VIOLENCE Psalm 141:1-2 “O Lord, I call to you; come quickly to me.
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