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Medicinal Plants Used by the Village Pania Under Baghmara District

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Medicinal Plants Used by the Village Pania Under Baghmara District ANALYSISANALYSIS ARTICLE 54(266), February 1, 2018 ISSN 2278–5469 EISSN 2278–5450 Discovery Medicinal plants used by the local people at the village Pania under Baghmara Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh Mst. Mafroja Khatun, Mahbubur Rahman AHM☼ Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh ☼Corresponding Author: Professor, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 880 721 751485, Mobile: 88 01714657224 Article History Received: 29 November 2017 Accepted: 2 January 2018 Published: 1 February 2018 Citation Mst. Mafroja Khatun, Mahbubur Rahman AHM. Medicinal plants used by the local people at the village Pania under Baghmara Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. Discovery, 2018, 54(266), 60-71 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. Save trees, save nature ABSTRACT 6060 60 Medicinal plants used by the local people at the village Pania under Baghmara upazila of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh was carried out from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 56 species belonging to 52 genera under 39 families were recorded. PagePage Page © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE Magnoliopsida is represented by 33 family, 46 genera and 49 species and Liliopsida is represented by 6 family 6 genera and 7 species. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, parts used, ailments, treatment process and family were provided. It has been documented and this might be scientifically authorized for their therapeutic properties. Local people of the area depend on knowledge of “Kabiraj” (locally healer’s common name) for simple ailments and also people depend on local primary healthcare centre for major health problems. Therefore, it would be important to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants for further healing purpose and the medicinal plants are used as traditional health care system need urgent conservation. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Herbal medicine, Baghmara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh 1. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plant is an important wealth in our country. From long ago medicinal plant assail their leaf, stem, root; fruit etc are used to protect desire. But with the much destructing of forest they are also destroyed. According to the scientist many of them are already extinct. So the topic is very important in this time. According to World Health Organization (WHO) consultative body of medicinal plants has formulated a definition of medicinal plants in the following way “A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs” (Sofowora, 1982). Plants and man are inseparable. Plants existed on the earth in the geological past form the early history of the earth. The use of plants to alleviate human suffering is as old as the evolution of human civilization itself. From the early stages of human civilization, plants, especially medicinal plants have played a pioneering role for the welfare of human beings. Recently, dramatic changes have taken place in the primary health care system of world population through the development of science, technology and medical science, but till to day 400 Crore of people of the world are totally dependent on herbal medicine. It is revealed that even in the developed countries 25%, of the prescribed drugs come from plant sources and herbal medicines are used by about 75-80% of the world’s population for primary health care because of their better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. WHO depicts that over 80% of world’s population depends on biological resources for their primary healthcare demands (WHO, 1999). Bangladesh has very rich in Bio-diversity. It has more than 500 medicinal plants species (Yusuf et al., 2006). The total numbers of plants with medicinal properties in the subcontinent are present stands at about 2000 species. About 450 to 500 species of such medicinal plants so far been enlisted as growing or available in Bangladesh (Ghani, 2003). Ethno-medicinal works in Bangladesh: Studies on ethno-botanical and medicinal information of local and ethnic communities in Bangladesh is at initial stage. Several ethno-medicinal studies in Bangladesh have been carried out by Alam (1992), Alam et al. (1996), Chakma et al. (2003), Choudhury and Rahmatullah (2012), Faruque and Uddin (2014), Khisha (1996), Rahman et al. (2008a, 2008b, 2010, 2012, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015), Rahman and Akter (2013), Rahman and Khanom (2013), Rahman (2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2014d, 2013e, 2013f, 2013g, 2013h, 2013i, 2013j, 2013k, 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c), Rahman and Gulshana (2014), Rahman and Parvin (2014), Rahman and Rahman (2014), Rahman and Rojonigondha (2014), Rahman and Kumar (2015), Rahman and Keya (2015), Rahman and Debnath (2015) and Uddin et al. (2001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014). In this present research project was too reported about local traditional uses of medicinal plants collected from traditional practitioners to cure human diseases at the village Paina under Baghmara upazila of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area: Bagmara is an Upazila of Rajshahi District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Bagmara is located at 24.5639°N 88.8083°E . It has 57675 households and total area 363.3 km². It is bounded by Manda and Atrai Upazilas on the North, Durgapur, Puthia and Natore Sadar Upazilas on the South, Atrai and Natore Sadar Upazilas on the East, Mohanpur upazila on the West. The climate of Baghmara upazila is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters and rainfall. The summer season commences from April and continues up to the end of June. The rainy season comes at end of June and stays up to September. The winter season starts from the middle of November and last up to the end of February. In terms of temperature variation it appears that average annual temperature is about 26-36oC. Relative humidity percentage ranged from 77% in April and about 88% July. The 6161 61 rainfall is heavy during July to September. The maximum amount of monthly rainfall being 509mm in August 2014 and minimum PagePage Page amount of monthly rainfall being 0 mm in Nov-Dec 2014, January and April 2015. The soil is Baghmara upazila is rich alluvium. The © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE texture of the soil is clayey. The soil pH of the area varies from 5.5 to 6.0 and 6.7 to 6.9 respectively with an average value of 7.22. This is the best soil for the growth of various plants and suitable for agriculture and gardening (BPC, 2001). Survey method: Medicinal plants used by the local people at the village Pania under Baghmara upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh was carried out from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 56 species belonging to 52 genera under 39 families were recorded. A survey on the determination of the location of different species was made and a list was prepared to be acquainted with the plants available in the selected area. All the species were noted and time to time the areas were visited to see when they flowered. For the morphological study, different types of species were examined again and again in order to see if there was any variation or not. They were collected at flowering stages and herbarium specimens were prepared as vouchers. In this practice standard method was followed (Alexiades, 1996). Medicinal information was also recorded. A total of 46 informants having an age range 17-62 years were interviewed using semi-structured interviewed method. Among them 17 were female and rest 29 were male. Regular field studies were made in the study area during the period. The information about the plants used for various diseases was gathered through interviews and discussion with the elderly people, medicine men and traditional medical practitioners were consulted. Plant Identification: The major collected materials were identified and described up to species with the help of Hooker (1961), Prain (1963), Kirtikar and Basu (1987), and Ahmed et al. (2007-2009) were consulted. For the current name and up-to-date nomenclature Pasha and Uddin (2013) and Huq (1986) were also consulted. All the collected plant specimens were kept in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, and University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present survey, a total of 56 plant species belonging to 52 genera and 38 families were recorded (Table 1). Out of these plants species 48.2% belonged to herbs, 25% tree, 17.85% Shrub, 8.92% Climber (Figure 1). Use of plant parts as medicine shows variation. Leaves (44.64%) are the leading used in a majority medicinal plants followed by petiole 3.57%, flower 3.57%, rhizome 1.78%, bulb 3.57%, fruit 10.71%, root 10.71%, stem 5.35%, whole plant 17.85%, gum 3.57%, latex 1.78%, bark 7.14, seed 1.78% (Figure 2). For each species scientific name, local name, family, habit, ailments, treatment process and part(s) used are provided. The most frequently used species for the treatment of different diseases are Piper betel, Achyranthes aspera, Lablab purpureus, Psidium guajava, Aegle marmelos, Citrus aurantifolia, Solanum nigrum, Justicia gendarussa, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Abroma augusta, Acacia nilotica, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridus, Andrograhis paniculata, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Basella alba, Bombax ceiba, Boerhaavia diffusa, Coccinia grandis, Colocasia esculenta, Curcuma longa, Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Cuscuta reflexa, Enhydra fluctuans, Kalanchoe pinnata, Lawsonia inermis, Polygonum hydropier, Rauvolfia serpentina, Terminalia arjuna, Wedelia chinensis and Vitex negundo.
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