DOCSLIB.ORG

NRN Bulletin English Num 6 (Read-Only)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NRN Bulletin English Num 6 (Read-Only) Red de Rapaces Neotropicales (RRN) N EOTROPICAL RAPTOR NETWORK (NRN) Newsletter #6 December 2008 IN THIS ISSUE: Andean Condor, Nature and Culture in National Day of the 1 Ecuador By Patricio Meza Saltos, Asociación Cultura & Tierra (ACT), Proyecto Condor in Ecuador Kuntur- SIMBIOE / The Peregrine Fund, [email protected] 1 III Neotropical Rap- En Ecuador, step by step. tor Conference The majestic Andean Condor Orange-breasted Fal- 2 (Vultur gryphus) is found through- con. Belize out the Andes Mountain Range. Raptor Survey. 4 To many it represents identity, Brazil freedom and strength, and it was once considered to be an inter- Harpy Eagle in 8 mediary spirit between the sun Darien, Panama and the earth. In 1991, July 7th Environmental Edu- 9 was declared the official National cation. Panama Day of the Andean Condor in Ecuador. On this day, The Ecua- Upcoming Conferences 12 dorian Ornithological Corpora- tion (CECIA) hosted a variety of activities related to condor con- New Books and 12 servation. Perhaps the most im- Theses Culture. Monument of a condor hunting a calf on display in portant activity was the first a city park in Ángel, Ecuador “Census Walk”, where partici- Later, in 1999, Yánez & In 2002, Yánez & Cevallos pants counted condors at 40 dif- Yánez identified two nests, began an Andean Condor ferent sites along the mountain six roosting sites, and some Conservation Project, whose range. This effort provided a pro- preferred feeding areas of main goal was to determine visional estimate of 42 condors in the Andean Condor in the the actual number of wild the country. The same organiza- Ecological Reserves of condors in the country. The tion conducted another census in Cayambe-Coca and Cota- results were alarming – only 1996, and estimated the condor cachi-Cayapas, in the north- 70 individuals were docu- population to be at about ern part of the country. mented. Lack of food, hun- 100 individuals in the wild. (Continued on page 6) III NEOTROPICAL RAPTOR CONFERENCE 28-30 OCTOBER 2009 The Neotropical Raptor Network presents the III Neotropical Raptor Conference which will be held in Bogota, Colombia on 28-30 October, 2009. The goal of the conference is to pro- mote communication and interaction among raptor enthusiasts that live, study or work in the Neotropics. Some conference highlights will include: a pre–conference workshop on biomedicine; a sym- posium on the conservation of birds of prey; and a workshop led by several of the authors of the book Raptor Research and Management Techniques which will cover such topics as marking and capture Techniques, raptor identification, and reproduction. Spizaetus isidori Des Murs, 1845 For more information, visit: www.neotropicalraptors.org Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia Page 2 Newsletter #6 Understanding the Orange-breasted Falcon Population in Belize By Yeray Seminario, The Peregrine Fund, [email protected] Arriving on a private flight from Wyo- ing. We are trying to identify those and the Director of the OBF Program. ming, five rare Orange-breasted Falcon factors contributing to this apparent Once they arrive in Belize, the young (Falco deiroleucus) chicks landed at the decline in both occupied nesting sites falcons are transported to the Moun- airport in Belize on 26 June, 2008. This and productivity. More time is needed tain Pine Ridge, in the Maya Moun- was the third year that The Peregrine to understand exactly what is happen- tains, a truly unique granite ecosystem Fund has released young individuals of ing with the OBF population in Belize surrounded by Belizean rainforest, this species in Belize, as part of the and Guatemala, but these experimental consisting of poor acidic clay soils that study and conservation of this bird in releases are adding genetic diversity to sustain dense pine trees Pinus Caribaea Mesoamerica. this small population. and low thickets (Tripsacum latifolium, Our work with Orange-breasted Fal- Miconia albicans and Dicranopteris pecti- cons (OBFs) includes studying the nata, among others). A plague of Pine remnant population in Belize, Guate- Beetles (Dendroctonus frontalis) in 1999 mala and Panama; searching for new drastically changed the landscape of pairs; and conducting experimental the Mountain Pine Ridge, killing ap- releases in the Mountain Pine Ridge in proximately 90% of the pines, and, Belize. similar to fire, may have improved the foraging opportunities for the resident There are multiple reasons that these falcon population. releases are being carried out. First, they are a means to learn as much as The young falcons are released possible about the behavior of the spe- through a technique called “hacking”, cies and problems that might arise dur- more specifically through a method ing the release. This knowledge can known as “tame-hack,” in which the serve to then maximize the survival of young birds are raised by hand in small young birds prior to their dispersal. groups to prevent imprinting, , but are quite tame. This technique was coinci- Second, releasing unrelated individuals © Yeray Seminario is a way to enhance the genetic fitness dentally successful in the release of One of the 7 wild juveniles that hatched of the local population. Aplomado Falcons (Falco femoralis) con- in Belize this year. ducted by The Peregrine Fund in Preliminary data suggest that this Texas, and it has worked very well with Northernmost OBF population, The young falcons are bred in climate the Orange-breasted Falcons. thought to be isolated by some 900 controlled breeding chambers in Wolf, miles from the largely unknown South Wyoming by Robert B. Berry, one of The hack site consists of a wooden American population, may be declin- the founders of The Peregrine Fund, box set atop a platform, situated on the © Yeray Seminario © Yeray Seminario Three Orange-breasted Falcon juveniles, released by The Released falcons are fitted with a band and a leg-mount Peregrine Fund in Mountain Pine Ridge, Belize transmitter to help monitor their movements after dispersal. Page 3 Newsletter #6 the juveniles dispersed up to 10 km. less than one month after being re- leased. There is still much to be learned about these fascinating raptors. Next year, we hope to release more falcons using the tame hack procedure. One of the falcons that we released last year returned this year and interacted almost daily with this year’s birds. This was a giant step in demonstrat- ing the success in using this technique with this species. We hope to have many more re-sightings of these color banded individuals in the future. We will also continue to monitor the wild pairs, which is essential for us to bet- ter understand the problems that © Yeray Seminario could be affecting the Central Ameri- can population of this beautiful rap- Wild adult Orange-breasted Falcon in Buena Vista, Guatemala tor. top of a live pine tree, all of which is 60 days of age, although the males are easily accessible with a ladder. The trunk often more precocious. As a general Acknowledgements: of the tree is surrounded by a small rule, the first flights are awkward and moat, which helps prevent potentially uncontrolled, but after only a few harmful ants from climbing the tree, as tries, they fly like experts, although Field work during the releases is diffi- well as sheets of aluminum to help stop they still need quite a bit more time cult and it would not be possible land predators from climbing up to the (up to three months) to develop their without the help of our volunteers: box. On one side of the box there is a ability to capture prey in flight. Ulti- Ana Grau, Chris Eardley, Aldo Ortiz door which allows us to enter if neces- mately, their strength, body weight, and Erin Strasser. We owe an enor- sary. One entire side is barred and large feet and beak enable them to mous thanks to Wolf Creek Charita- screened so that the falcons can interact capture prey of considerable size, in- ble Foundation, Hidden Valley Inn visually with the outside world. cluding psitacids that could seriously and Trevor Roe for their uncondi- tional support for the project, and to The falcons are ideally released at be- harm even an adult falcon with their strong bills. George Headley for allowing us to tween 35-45 days of age, though we use his land for the release of these have released birds older than that both The first flight is also one of the most young falcons. with and without any problems. Once critical moments in the release proc- the birds are released they are fed quail ess. If the falcon has become suffi- two times a day: first thing in the morn- ciently bonded to the release site, it OBF Program Director: Robert B. ing and then again in the late afternoon. will return within a few hours or a day Berry During this time, the falcons exhibit or two in order to feed. If the falcon Director of Field Operations: Angel much curiosity by exploring the plat- does not return on its own, there is a Muela form and remaining alert to predators. risk that it will become lost, and po- Assistant Director Field Operations: They are very vocal and communicate tentially die due to hunger or dehydra- Marta Curti frequently with each other, often sound- tion. It is important to track these ing the alarm when they detect the pres- falcons during this critical time, so Assistant Director Field Operations: ence of danger. The Black and White they are fitted with radio transmitters. Yeray Seminario Hawk Eagle (Spizastur melanoleucus) has Thanks to this technology, we were been a major predator to the OBF re- able to locate one of last year’s re- lease program.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Order Falconiformes in Cuba: Status, Distribution, Migration and Conservation
    Chancellor, R. D. & B.-U. Meyburg eds. 2004 Raptors Worldwide WWGBP/MME The order Falconiformes in Cuba: status, distribution, migration and conservation Freddy Rodriguez Santana INTRODUCTION Fifteen species of raptors have been reported in Cuba including residents, migrants, transients, vagrants and one endemic species, Gundlach's Hawk. As a rule, studies on the biology, ecology and migration as well as conservation and management actions of these species have yet to be carried out. Since the XVI century, the Cuban archipelago has lost its natural forests gradually to nearly 14 % of the total area in 1959 (CIGEA 2000). Today, Cuba has 20 % of its territory covered by forests (CIGEA op. cit) and one of the main objectives of the Cuban environmental laws is to protect important areas for biodiversity as well as threatened, migratory, commercial and endemic species. Nevertheless, the absence of raptor studies, poor implementation of the laws, insufficient environmental education level among Cuban citizens and the bad economic situation since the 1990s continue to threaten the population of raptors and their habitats. As a result, the endemic Gundlach's Hawk is endangered, the resident Hook-billed Kite is almost extirpated from the archipelago, and the resident race of the Sharp-shinned Hawk is also endangered. Studies on these species, as well as conservation and management plans based on sound biological data, are needed for the preservation of these and the habitats upon which they depend. I offer an overview of the status, distribution, threats, migration and conservation of Cuba's Falconiformes. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the status and distribution of the Falconiformes in Cuba, I reviewed the latest published literature available as well as my own published and unpublished data.
    [Show full text]
  • Peregrine Falcons for the Nation's Capital
    DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE news release For Release June 20, 1979 Alan Levitt 202/343-5634 PEREGRINE FALCONS FOR THE NATION'S CAPITAL Four captive-bred, month-old peregrine falcons have been placed in a man-made nest atop the Department of the Interior Building in the Nation's Capital in the first attempt to restock this endangered bird of prey into a major U.S. metropolitan area, Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus announced today. "The prospects of seeking this magnificent bird once again soaring above the Nation's Capital testifies to the fact that all the news about endangered species is not gloom and doom," Andrus said, prior to piacement of the peregrines on the roof. Andrus has been a long-time supporter of the Birds of Prey Natural Area in Idaho, which contains wild peregrines. "This is a happy occasion. The peregrine release symbolizes the less publicized, but critically important work of endangered species recovery teams. These are teams of the Nation's finest biologists from the Federal, State, and private levels --who map out plans to ensure the survival of species facing extinction." Two biologists will live in the eight-story building, two blocks from the White House, for the next 6 weeks to study, feed, and assist the young falcons as they grow up and learn to fly. The human help is necessary because there are no wild peregrines to do the job. Pesticides and other toxic chemicals have wiped out all wild breeding peregrines east of the Rocky Xountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Donated to the Peregrine Fund
    10 December 2015 THE PEREGRINE FUND RESEARCH LIBRARY DUPLICATE BOOKS, REPORTS AND THESES All proceeds from the sale of these items are used to add new titles to our library. Every book you purchase from us results in an addition to two libraries – yours and ours! Inquiries should be sent to [email protected] or you may call (208) 362- 8253. We accept payment by credit card, money order, check in U.S. dollars, or cash in U.S. dollars. Final prices include domestic media mail shipping costs of $3 for the first item and $1 for each additional title. Shipping costs for large orders are billed at actual cost. We honor purchase orders from institutional libraries, but request advance payment from other buyers. Descriptions are based on standard terms used widely in the book trade: Mint: As new (generally in original cellophane wrapping) Fine: No defect in book or dustjacket, but not as crisp as a new book Very good: Very light wear with no large tears or major defects Good: Average used condition with some defects, as described. Fair: A “reading copy” with major defects “Wrappers” = paper covers. If this term is not included, the book is hardbound. “dj” = dustjacket (or “dustwrapper”). “ex-lib” = library copy with the usual marks Publications may be returned for any reason in the original carton for a full refund of the purchase price plus media mail shipping costs. 1 ABBOTT, R.T. 1982. Kingdom of the seashell. Bonanza Books, Crown Publishers, Inc. 256 pp. $5. ABBOTT, R. T. 1990. Seashells. American Nature Guides.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-African Vulture Summit
    Edited by Andre J. Botha Darcy L. Ogada Munir Z. Virani 1 Proceedings of the Pan‐African Vulture Summit 2012 April 16‒20, 2012 Masai Mara, Kenya Editors: Andre J. Botha Manager: Birds of Prey Programme Co‐chair: IUCN SSC Vulture Specialist Group Endangered Wildlife Trust Private Bag X11, Modderfontein, 1645, South Africa Darcy L. Ogada Assistant Director of Africa Programs Research Associate The Peregrine Fund National Museums of Kenya 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane P.O. Box 40658‐00100 Boise, Idaho, 83709 USA Nairobi, Kenya Munir Z. Virani Director of Africa Programs Research Associate The Peregrine Fund National Museums of Kenya 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane P.O. Box 40658‐00100 Boise, Idaho, 83709 USA Nairobi, Kenya 2 Sponsored by: Organised by: 3 Delegates of the 2012 Pan‐African Vulture Summit, Masai Mara, Kenya. Front row (L‐R): Nick Williams, Masai moran, Masumi Gudka, Fred Barasa, Munir Virani, Simon Thomsett, Rick Watson, Corinne Kendall, Kerri Wolter, Maria Diekmann, Wendy Borello, Keith Bildstein, Yilma D. Abebe, Ohad Hatzofe, Andre Botha, Dominic Saitoti, Sankai Noonkipa. Back row (L‐R): Kariuki Ndang’ang’a, Rupert Watson, Stoycho Stoychev, Peter Mundy, Warren Goodwin, Ivaylo Angelov, Ara Monadjem, Campbell Murn, Sonja Kruger, Holger Kolberg, Derek Pomeroy, Walter Neser, Megan Diamond, Ian Rushworth, Hanneline Smit, Michael Koikai, David Allan, Charles Musyoki, Kenneth Ole Nashu, Sospeter Kiambi, Dominic Mijele, Darcy Ogada, Ali Kaka, Amos Rono 4 Dr. Ali Kaka, Regional Director of IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa (left) and Hanneline Smit, BirdLife South Africa (right) addressing delegates Delegates following the summit proceedings from the venue at Ilkiliani Camp 5 Summary Most vulture populations worldwide are in decline and face a range of threats from a number of human‐related factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Vultures Collapsing Toward Extinction
    LETTER Another Continental Vulture Crisis: Africa’s Vultures Collapsing toward Extinction Darcy Ogada1, Phil Shaw2, Rene L. Beyers3, Ralph Buij4, Campbell Murn5, Jean Marc Thiollay6, Colin M. Beale7, Ricardo M. Holdo8, Derek Pomeroy9, Neil Baker10,SonjaC.Kruger¨ 11, Andre Botha12, Munir Z. Virani13, Ara Monadjem14, & Anthony R. E. Sinclair15 1 The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho, 83709, USA and National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya 2 School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK and Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 44, Kabale, Uganda 3 Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4 Department of Animal Ecology, Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands 5 Hawk Conservancy Trust, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8DY, UK and Centre for Wildlife Assessment and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK 6 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France 7 Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK 8 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA 9 Department of Biological Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda 10 Tanzania Bird Atlas, P.O. Box 1605, Iringa, Tanzania 11 Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, Cascades, 3202, South Africa 12 Endangered Wildlife Trust, Private Bag X11, Modderfontein, 1645, South Africa 13 The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho, 83709, USA, and National Museums of Kenya, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Aplomado Falcon Scientific Name: Falco Femoralis Septentrionalis Federal Status: Endangered, 2/26/86 • State Status: Endangered
    Northern Aplomado Falcon Scientific Name: Falco femoralis septentrionalis Federal Status: Endangered, 2/26/86 • State Status: Endangered Description and dark tail with 6 to 8 narrow, regions in Texas. In western Texas, it A boldly-marked, colorful Neotropical white crossbars. Male and female are was associated with open desert falcon that fits into the body size scale similar in appearance except that the grasslands with scattered yuccas, of North American falcons between female is noticeably larger than the mesquite, and other shrubs; or oak the Merlin and Peregrine Falcon. male. Juveniles are similar to adults, woodlands and gallery forests sur- Measurements are: total length 15 to but with white facial and breast rounded by or intermingled with 18 inches, wingspan 32 to 36 inches, plumage suffused with buff or cinna- desert grasslands. In southern Texas, and weight 7.5 to 18 ounces – similar mon, other plumage areas not as coastal prairie and marsh habitats in size to the Cooper’s Hawk or Amer- richly colored, and the white upper that supported small islands of trees ican Crow. Aplomado means “steel- breast heavily dark streaked. and shrubs or that interfaced with gray” in Spanish in reference to the woodlands along freshwater adult’s dorsal plumage. Distribution drainages and estuaries were used. Distinguishing adult field marks and Habitat In Mexico, the Aplomado is found in include bold face markings; contrast- The Aplomado Falcon’s Neotropical a broad range of semi-open tropical distribution extends from southern Argentina northward through Mexico in to the southwestern United States. Three subspecies are recognized and the Northern Aplomado Falcon is the northernmost subspecies.
    [Show full text]
  • California Condor Nestling in Arizona Biologists Confirm Existence of Chick
    California Condor Nestling in Arizona Biologists Confirm Existence of Chick Contacts: Jeff Cilek, The Peregrine Fund, 208/362-3811 office, 208/890-6685 cell Bill Austin, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 928/ 226-0614 David Boyd, Bureau of Land Management, 435/688-3303 Maureen Oltrogge, Grand Canyon National Park, 928/638-7779 Andi Rogers, California Condor Coordinator, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 928/774-5045 Images may be obtained from The Peregrine Fund’s web site at: http://www.peregrinefund.org/press/condor_chick_8_03.html Biologists from Grand Canyon National Park and The Peregrine Fund confirmed the existence of the first California Condor nestling in Arizona in decades, perhaps centuries. The sighting was confirmed on Saturday during an arduous 24-mile hike in 100 degree heat to observe the nest. The biologists observed the feathered chick at the edge of the nest cave near the top of a 400 foot cliff in the Salt Creek drainage. The chick appeared to be very healthy and is estimated to be 15-16 weeks of age. “It was amazing!” stated Sophie Osborn, Field Manager for The Peregrine Fund. “The chick was right on the edge of the nest cave sitting on a rock preening and looking around,” continued Osborn. “The setting so timeless, remote, and magnificent that I wondered how it could be the only one of its kind in such a vast tremendous place.” finished Osborn. Since March, biologists suspected that Condors 123 and 127 were incubating an egg. Suddenly, in early May the behavior of the pair changed and they became very attentive to the nest, switching nest duty on a daily basis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Peregrine Fund
    THE PEREGRINE FUND working to conserve birds of prey in nature fall /winter 2005 newsletter number 36 TPF photo t a recent board meeting hosted by Jacobo and Greta Paxson Offield was honored for his long-term support Lacs, The Peregrine Fund Chairman of the Board, and leadership in Harpy Eagle conservation and research A Paxson Offield (center), and Founding Board Mem- while Bob Berry was honored for his support of Neotropical ber Robert Berry (right), were awarded Panama’s highest raptor research and conservation, in particular his efforts honor, The Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero. with the Orange-breasted Falcon. The award was presented by the President of Panama, Over the last 50 years, recipients of this award have Martin Torrijos (between them) and the First Vice-President, included Queen Elizabeth II, Sean Connery, and the Fire Samuel Lewis Navarro (left). Our biologist, Angel Muela, Department of New York. holds the immature male Harpy Eagle. Board of Directors of The Peregrine Fund OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Paxson H. Offield Ian Newton, William A. D. James Nelson Tom J. Cade, Ph.D. Roy E. Disney Henry M. Paulson, Jr. Julie A. Wrigley Chairman D.Phil., D.Sc., FRS. Burnham, Ph.D. Secretary Founding Chairman Chairman of the Chairman of the Chairman of of the Board Vice Chairman President Chairman of the Professor Emeritus Board, Emeritus Board, Emeritus the Board, Emeritus Chairman of the of the Board Board, Emeritus of Ornithology, Chairman of the Chairman and Chairman and Board and CEO, Senior Ornithologist J. Peter Jenny President, Nelson Cornell University Board, Shamrock Chief Executive CEO, Wrigley Santa Catalina (Ret.) Vice President Construction Holdings, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • PSA 2017-170 Judges - Both Sections
    2017 PSA 2017-170 Judges - both sections Max Burke (Meridian, idaho) has photographed birds and other wildlife as an interested wildlife and open photographer for years. he has been doing competitive photography for over 30 years as a member of the Photographic society of America. Max received recognition for his contributions to photography and photographers with an APsA (Associate Photographic society of America) recognition in 2015. he was the Photographic society of America conference Print chair for nature Prints for the 2008 and 2009 exhibition years, which includes bird and wildlife images as the most popular entrants. he was one of the Judges for the Peregrine Fund competition in 2015. Paul Spurling (caldwell, idaho) is an avid photographer and outdoorsman as well as the senior software developer and director of technology for the Peregrine Fund. his photos have been published on numerous websites and in a children's book, a birding field guide, and an idaho Fish & game regulations booklet. When he's not maintaining and expanding the Peregrine Fund's considerable technology and internet assets, Paul enjoys hunting, fishing, and hiking in the mountains of central idaho. Dale E. Toweill (boise, idaho) is a professional wildlife biologist and manager with 34 years of wildlife management experience, 28 of those with the idaho department of Fish and game. he holds numerous professional degrees, including a doctorate in Fisheries and Wildlife Management from oregon state university, and is recognized as a certified Wildlife biologist by the Wildlife society. dale is also an avid outdoor writer and photographer who has had hundreds of photographs of wildlife and travel published in books and magazine articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Dropping Dead: Causes and Consequences of Vulture Population Declines Worldwide
    Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Issue: The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology Dropping dead: causes and consequences of vulture population declines worldwide Darcy L. Ogada,1 Felicia Keesing,3 and Munir Z. Virani1,2 1The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho. 2National Museums of Kenya, Ornithology Section, Nairobi, Kenya. 3Bard College, Annadale-on-Hudson, New York Address for correspondence: Darcy L. Ogada, P.O. Box 1629, 00606 Nairobi, Kenya. [email protected] Vultures are nature’s most successful scavengers, and they provide an array of ecological, economic, and cultural services. As the only known obligate scavengers, vultures are uniquely adapted to a scavenging lifestyle. Vultures’ unique adaptations include soaring flight, keen eyesight, and extremely low pH levels in their stomachs. Presently, 14 of 23 (61%) vulture species worldwide are threatened with extinction, and the most rapid declines have occurred in the vulture-rich regions of Asia and Africa. The reasons for the population declines are varied, but poisoning or human persecution, or both, feature in the list of nearly every declining species. Deliberate poisoning of carnivores is likely the most widespread cause of vulture poisoning. In Asia, Gyps vultures have declined by >95% due to poisoning by the veterinary drug diclofenac, which was banned by regional governments in 2006. Human persecution of vultures has occurred for centuries, and shooting and deliberate poisoning are the most widely practiced activities. Ecological consequences of vulture declines include changes in community composition of scavengers at carcasses and an increased potential for disease transmission between mammalian scavengers at carcasses.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION Peregrine Falcon standing on its prey, a pigeon; Jones Beach St. Pk., LI, NY; Feb. About the photographs Figure 1. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon in North and Middle America and the western West Indies. This species also breeds in South America and locally worldwide. American birds winter from the dashed line south throughout the U.S. (except the Great Basin, Great Plains and Appalachians), Middle America, the West Indies, and South America. See text for details. Peregrine Falcom juvenile on a Swallow box; Jamaica Bay WR, Queens, NY; Feb. One of the most widely distributed of warm-blooded terrestrial vertebrates, the Peregrine Falcon occurs from the tundra to the Tropics, from wetlands to deserts, from maritime islands to continental forests, and from featureless plains to mountain crags—it is absent as a breeder only from the Amazon Basin, the Sahara Desert, most of the steppes of central and eastern Asia, and Antarctica. This depth and breadth of habitat reflects a prodigiously catholic diet that includes many hundreds of species of birds, some bats, and a few rodents, and yet a commonality of ways in which Peregrines pursue them. The presence of this species in the pristine landscape has no doubt influenced the morphological and behavioral evolution of countless avian species. Even so, some populations of Peregrines are food specialists; in the Pacific Northwest, for example, enormous numbers of a few marine bird species support one of the densest-known Peregrine populations. The often-held image of the Peregrine as a symbol of wilderness diminishes when one sees this falcon breeding on metropolitan bridges and urban skyscrapers or watches tundra migrants on their neotropical nonbreeding grounds speeding along traffic-jammed boulevards at streetlight height in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, or Buenos Aires, Argentina, chasing bats at sunset.
    [Show full text]
  • VULTURE NEWS 55.Indd
    September 2006 Vulture News 55 The Asian Vulture Crisis Cameron Ellis The Gyps vultures of South Asia are large on the internal organs as the almost birds with relatively unknown, foraging, universal (85%) symptom in necropsied reproductive, migratory and dispersal vultures. Eliminating the possible causes patterns. Populations of Gyps vultures on of renal failure in birds the team found the Indian subcontinent were considered their culprit among the region’s recently very abundant as recently as the late introduced veterinary pharmaceuticals. 1980s and early 1990s, and among the Diclofenac is a non steroidal anti- most common raptors in the world. inflammatory (NSAID) drug administered Vulture declines were first noticed in to livestock on the Indian subcontinent. 1996 in Keoladeo National Park in Diclofenac is administered for many of central India and by the year 2000 the the same reasons that a human might take three Asian Gyps vultures were listed aspirin or ibuprofen, it masks nominal as critically endangered. Population pain and discomfort and gets us back surveys estimated that the three species on our feet. Diclofenac is widely used of Gyps vultures (Gyps bengalensis, Gyps in the region in the veterinary treatment indicus, and Gyps tenuirostris) had suffered of domestic livestock, carcasses of which declines in excess of 95%. These three are the vultures’ primary food source. species represent half of all raptors In a part of the world where livestock classified in this most precarious state of play integral roles in the livelihood of imminent global extinction. many rural people, the drug diclofenac The declines initially sparked fears translates into a healthy and efficient of a new pathogenic infectious disease.
    [Show full text]