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64 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian Tahap I Penelitian Identifikasi Morfologi Tumbuhan Jenis Pohon Ini Dilakukan

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64 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian Tahap I Penelitian Identifikasi Morfologi Tumbuhan Jenis Pohon Ini Dilakukan BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian Tahap I Penelitian identifikasi morfologi tumbuhan jenis pohon ini dilakukan langsung di habitatnya mulai bulan November – Desember 2020. Jenis tumbuhan yang diambil yaitu tumbuhan jenis pohon yang terdapat di kawasan Kampus zona Prodi Sarjana IAIN Tulungagung. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dihasilkan data yaitu sebagai berikut: 1. Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Jenis Pohon Tumbuhan yang telah ditemukan dan teridentifikasi morfologinya merupakan keseluruhan tumbuhan jenis pohon yang berada di kawasan Kampus zona Prodi Sarjana IAIN Tulungagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 24 jenis pohon yang tergolong kedalam 13 famili. Famili-famili tersebut yaitu famili Anacardiaceae, Apocinaceae, Arecaceae, Combretaceae, Cupresaceae, Fabaceae, Gnetaceae, Lamiaceae, Lecythidaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae. Tumbuhan jenis pohon yang telah ditemukan selanjutnya diidentifikasi berdasarkan ciri morfologi yang tampak. Berikut hasil dari tumbuhan jenis pohon yang ditemukan di kawasan Kampus zona Prodi Sarjana IAIN Tulungagung: 64 65 Tabel 4.1.1 Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Jenis Pohon di Kawasan Kampus Zona Prodi Sarjana IAIN Tulungagung No. Famili Nama Jenis Nama Umum 1. Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica L. Mangga 2. Apocinaceae Alstonia ascholaris (L.) R. Br. Pulai (pule) 3. Arecaceae Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. Palem Kipas Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) Palem Putri H.E.Moore Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F Cook Palem Raja 4. Combretaceae Terminalia catappa L. Ketapang Terminalia Neotaliala Capuron Ketapang Kencana 5. Cupresaceae Thuja orientalis L. Cemara Kipas 6. Fabaceae Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Flamboyan Tamarindus indica L. Asam Jawa Acacia auriculiformis Akasia Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Trembesi 7. Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon L. Melinjo 8. Lamiaceae Tectona grandis L.f. Jati 9. Lecythidaceae Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz Keben 10. Malvaceae Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Waru 11. Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Nangka Ficus benjamina L. Beringin 12. Sapindaceae Dimocarpus longan Lour. Kelengkeng Nephelium lappaceum L. Rambutan Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arm) Kiara Payung Thwaites 13. Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum cainito L. Kenitu Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Sawo Manila Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard. Sawo Kecik 2. Morfologi Tumbuhan Jenis Pohon Berdasarkan tabel 4.1.1, deskripsi hasil pengamatan identifikasi morfologi dan gambar tumbuhan jenis pohon yang ditemukan di kawasan Kampus zona Prodi Sarjana IAIN Tulungagung yaitu sebagai berikut: 66 1) Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Gambar 4.1.1 Penampakan Keseluruhan Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) Taksonomi pohon mangga menurut Catalogue of Life yaitu sebagai berikut58: Kingdom : Plantae Filum : Tracheophyta Kelas : Magnoliopsida Ordo : Sapindales Famili : Anacardiaceae Genus : Mangifera L. Spesies : Mangifera indica L. Pengamatan pohon mangga dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Desember 2020, dengan pengambilan sampel yang berada di timur Gedung Arif Mustakim. Pada saat pengamatan pohon mangga, morfologi yang didapatkan yaitu morfologi akar, batang, daun, dan buah. Bunga pohon mangga tidak dapat dilihat secara morfologi karena pada saat pengamatan bunga pohon mangga belum berbunga. Berikut deskripsi hasil dari pengamatan morfologi pada pohon mangga: 58 Catalogue of life..., diakses pada 20 Januari 2021 67 a) Morfologi Akar Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Tabel 4.1.2 Data Hasil Pengamatan Morfologi Akar Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Fokus Kode Aspek Pengamatan Mangifera indica L. Pengamatan Akar A1 Sistem Perakaran Akar tunggang A2 Tipe Akar Berdasarkan Akar tunggang bercabang Cabang dan Bentuknya A3 Ciri Lain dari Akar Berwarna coklat Morfologi akar pohon mangga yaitu memiliki sistem perakaran tunggang dengan tipe akarnya tunggang bercabang, dan berwarna coklat. Selain itu akar Gambar 4.1.2 Penampakan Akar tunggang pada pohon mangga sangat Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) panjang yakni dapat mencapai kedalaman 6 m.59 b) Morfologi Batang Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Tabel 4.1.3 Data Hasil Pengamatan Morfologi Batang Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Fokus Kode Aspek Pengamatan Mangifera indica L Pengamatan Batang B1 Macam Batang yang Jelas Batang keras dan berkayu B2 Bentuk Batang Bulat B3 Permukaan Batang Kasar B4 Arah Tumbuh Batang Tegak keatas B5 Arah Tumbuh Cabang Tegak B6 Macam Percabangan Simpodial 59 Ir. Pracaya, Bertanam Mangga, (Depok: Penebar Swadaya, 2011), hal. 10 68 Morfologi batang pohon mangga yaitu keras dan berkayu, berbentuk bulat, permukaan batangnya kasar, arah tumbuh batang tegak keatas, sedangkan arah tumbuh cabangnya tegak, pohon mangga memiliki sistem percabangan Gambar 4.1.3 Penampakan Batang Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) simpodial yang berarti batang pokok (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) sulit ditentukan. Pohon mangga memiliki kulit batang yang tebal dan kasar serta terdapat banyak celah-celah kecil dan sisik-sisik bekas tangkai daun. Kulit batang pohon mangga yang sudah tua umumnya berwarna coklat keabu-abuan, kelabu tua, sampai hampir hitam. Pohon mangga yang berasal dari biji umumnya memiliki batang yang tegak, kuat, dan tinggi. Sedangkan pohon mangga yang berasal dari cangkok umumnya memiliki batang yang pendek dan membentang.60 c) Morfologi Daun Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Tabel 4.1.4 Data Hasil Pengamatan Morfologi Daun Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Fokus Kode Aspek Pengamatan Mangifera indica L. Pengamatan Daun C1 Daun Tunggal / Daun Daun tunggal Majemuk C2 Kelengkapan Daun Daun tidak lengkap C3 Bentuk Helaian Daun Daun memanjang C4 Tepi Daun Integer (rata) C5 Pangkal Daun Runcing C6 Ujung Daun Meruncing C7 Permukaan Daun Licin mengkilat C8 Tulang Daun Menyirip C9 Urat Daun Mencapai tepi daun C10 Tekstur Daun Tebal 60 Ibid., hal. 10 69 Morfologi daun pohon mangga yaitu termasuk kedalam daun tunggal dengan tipe daunnya tidak lengkap Gambar 4.1.4 Penampakan Daun Pohon karena hanya memiliki tangkai dan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) helaian daun saja, bentuk helaian daunnya memanjang dengan tepi daun rata (integer), memiliki pangkal daun runcing dan ujung daunnya meruncing, permukaan daun pohon mangga yaitu licin mengkilap dengan tulang daun menyirip, urat daun yang mencapai tepi daun, dan tekstur daunnya tebal. Pada tangkai daun terdapat bagian yang menempel pada batang yang disebut sebagai pangkal tangkai daun. Pohon mangga hanya mempunyai satu daun pada tangkainya sehingga disebut sebagai daun tunggal. Warna daun pohon mangga yang masih muda yaitu kemerahan, dan permukaan daun bagian bawah berwarna hijau muda.61 d) Morfologi Bunga Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Bunga pohon mangga termasuk kedalam bunga sempurna dan termasuk kedalam bunga majemuk tak terbatas. Gambar 4.1.5 Penampakan Bunga Rangkaian bunganya berbentuk tandan Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.)62 yang mengerucut dan melebar dibagian bawah. Dari setiap rangkaian bunga, terdapat bunga jantan dan bunga betina (berkelamin ganda yaitu jantan dan betina). Warna bunga mangga kuning pucat, sedangkan warna tepi mahkotanya putih dan jika akan layu warna mahkota bunga 61 Ibid., hal. 12 62 Bunga Pohon Mangga, dalam https://satujam.com/gambar-pohon-mangga/ diakses pada 22 Januari 2021 70 berubah menjadi kemerahan.63 Bunga pohon mangga tumbuh di ujung percabangan dengan jumlah kurang lebih 3000 bunga. e) Morfologi Buah Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Tabel 4.1.5 Data Hasil Pengamatan Morfologi Buah Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Fokus Kode Aspek Pengamatan Mangifera indica L. Pengamatan Buah E1 Buah Sejati / Semu Buah sejati E2 Buah Tunggal / Ganda / Buah tunggal Majemuk E3 Karakteristik Buah Buah berwarna hijau, berbentuk bulat memanjang dengan salah satu sisi melengkung kedalam Morfologi buah pohon mangga yaitu termasuk kedalam buah sejati tunggal berdaging dengan karakteristik buahnya Gambar 4.1.6 Penampakan Buah Pohon Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) berwarna hijau, dan berbentuk bulat (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) memanjang dengan salah satu sisi melengkung kedalam. Kulit buah mangga berwarna hijau ketika masih muda dan akan berubah menjadi warna kuning ketika sudah masak. Buah dari pohon mangga terdapat pada tangkai pucuk-pucuk daun, memiliki biji yang besar dan mempunyai banyak variasi bentuk maupun ukurannya. Daging buahnya tebal berwarna kuning serta memiliki satu biji didalamnya.64 63 Ibid., hal. 12 64 Luluk Luqyana Z. T. M, Patihul Husni, Aktivitas Farmakologi Tanaman Mangga (Mangifera indica L), (Universitas Padjajaran: Fakultas Farmasi, 2019), hal. 188 71 2) Pohon Pulai (Alstonia ascholaris (L.) R. Br.) Gambar 4.1.7 Penampakan Keseluruhan Pohon Pulai (Alstonia ascholaris (L.) R. Br.) (Sumber: dok. Pribadi) Taksonomi pohon pulai menurut Catalogue of Life yaitu sebagai berikut65: Kingdom : Plantae Filum : Tracheophyta Kelas : Magnoliopsida Ordo : Gentianales Famili : Apocynaceae Genus : Alstonia R. Br. Spesies : Alstonia ascholaris (L.) R. Br. Pengamatan pohon pulai dilakukan pada tanggal 17 Desember 2020, dengan pengambilan sampel yang berada di belakang Gedung FEBI. Pada saat pengamatan pohon pulai morfologi yang didapatkan yaitu batang dan daun. Akar, bunga, dan buah pohon pulai tidak dapat dilihat secara morfologi karena pada saat pengamatan akar pohon pulai tidak terlihat, bunganya belum berbunga dan buahnya belum berbuah. Berikut deskripsi hasil dari pengamatan morfologi pada pohon pulai: 65 Catalogue of life..., diakses pada 20 Januari 2021 72 a) Morfologi Akar Pohon Pulai (Alstonia ascholaris (L.) R. Br.) Morfologi akar pohon pulai
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