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Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui

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Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui April 30, 2012 Melissa Jenkins Niles Pierson Erica Pohnan Juan Sebastian Ramirez Shiyue Wang Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Industrial Ecology Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui Acknowledgme nts In addition to our advisors for this study, Drs. Marian Chertow and Thomas Graedel, and our Teaching Fellows, Jennifer Baka and Srinath Sabapathy of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, we would like to thanks Dr. Jennifer Chirico of the Sustainable Living Institute of Maui; Rob Parsons, Office of the Mayor; Kyle Ginoza, Michael Miyamoto, Dr. Hana Steel, Tracy Takamine, Stacia Ash and Steve Parabicoli, Department of Environmental Management, County of Maui; Doug McLeod, Office of Economic Development, County of Maui; and the numerous other individuals who assisted in our data collection and understanding of the Maui community. Their inclusion in the acknowledgments is not meant to imply their endorsement of this report, but rather to express our appreciation for the time they took with us. 1 Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Objective...............................................................................................5 2. Methodology ..................................................................................................................5 3. Maui Overview ...............................................................................................................6 4. Material Flow Diagram....................................................................................................7 5. Imports and Exports ........................................................................................................8 5.1 Overview...................................................................................................................8 5.2 Shipping....................................................................................................................9 5.3 Fabricated Metal Products.......................................................................................11 5.4 Air vs. Sea ...............................................................................................................11 5.5 Decline in Imports and Exports ................................................................................11 5.6 Recyclables .............................................................................................................12 6. Domestic Extraction ......................................................................................................13 6.1 Biomass Sector ........................................................................................................13 6.2 Mineral Extraction ..................................................................................................16 7. Domestic Output ...........................................................................................................18 7.1 Emissions to Air ......................................................................................................18 7.2 Emissions to Water ..................................................................................................24 8. Municipal Solid Waste and Recycling ............................................................................27 8.1 Landfills..................................................................................................................27 8.2 Recycling and Re-Use ..............................................................................................27 8.3 Methodology/assumptions ........................................................................................31 8.4 Results ....................................................................................................................32 9. Recommendations .........................................................................................................35 Appendix A: List of Persons Consulted ..............................................................................38 Appendix B: Assumptions for Biomass Extraction ..............................................................39 2 Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui List of Tables and Figures Figure 1: Material Flow Diagram for Island of Maui .................................................................7 Figure 2: Pier 1 and Matson Shipping Equipment .....................................................................9 Figure 3: Pier 3 of Kahului Harbor.........................................................................................10 Figure 4: Tesoro barge delivering fuel....................................................................................11 Figure 5: 2006 – 2009 Maui Imports and Exports ...................................................................12 Figure 6: Map of Agricultural Production on Maui..................................................................14 Figure 7: Maui County Forest Reserve System .......................................................................15 Figure 8: Map of Mining Activities on Maui...........................................................................17 Figure 9: Air emissions by pollutants .....................................................................................18 Figure 10: Energy Consumption by Source, 2009 ...................................................................19 Figure 11: Maui Island Electricity Trend (2006-2010) .............................................................20 Figure 12: Fuel Mix in MECO...............................................................................................21 Figure 13: Maui Generation Modeled wit h Addit ional W ind Farms .........................................22 Figure 14: Wastewater Collection & Treatment Systems .........................................................25 Figure 15: Process Flow Diagram ..........................................................................................26 Figure 16: County Green Waste Processing ............................................................................28 Figure 17: Hammerhead Metals recycling ..............................................................................30 Figure 18: 2012 Waste Composition Study of the Central Maui Landfill ..................................33 Figure 19: Waste Characterization of the Central Maui Landfill...............................................34 Table 1: Annual Rock and Sand Extraction ............................................................................18 Table 2: A ir Emissions Summary (metric Tons)......................................................................18 Table 3: 2010 MECO’s Existing Electricity System ................................................................21 Table 4: CO2 Emissions from power generation in 2010 (metric tons) ......................................23 Table 5: Different Types of Vehicles......................................................................................24 Table 6: E mission factors ......................................................................................................24 Table 7: Air Emissions from transportation sector...................................................................24 Table 8: E missions to Water ..................................................................................................26 Table 9: Comparison of Landfilled and Diverted Material (metric tons) ...................................33 Table 10: Comparison of Municipal Solid Waste Per Capita (units: 1,000 metric tons) ..............34 3 Material Flow Analysis for the Island of Maui Executive Summary: Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a widely used tool in the field of Industrial Ecology that helps practitioners understand how different types of materials flow in and out of the economy and the natural environment. It provides key information about the links between economic, ecological and social systems. In turn, this information can inform policymakers, the private sector, and the public with quantitative information to help make educated decisions to pursue sustainable development more effectively. This report provides a baseline MFA for the Island of Maui; the fourth island in the Hawaiian Island chain to be the subject of such a study by the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. This study relied on the EUROSTAT (2007) Compilation Guide for Economy-wide Material Flow Accounting as a framework for conducting MFA. The EUROSTAT framework breaks down material flows into three broad segments: 1) the domestic extraction of biomass, minerals and fossil fuels; 2) imports and exports; 3) outputs to the environment, including air emissions, wastewater effluent, and solid waste generation. The study finds that Maui, like the other Hawaiian Islands, heavily relies on imports. It imports roughly 70% of the materials it requires to operate.1 The largest import and export into and out of Maui is “Fabricated Metal Products” according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterborne data statistics, which are likely to be metal shipping containers filled with food, furniture, and other consumer goods. The largest sources of air emissions come from the power generation sector and the transportation sector, primarily in the form of CO2. Landfilled material was the second largest component of Maui’s domestic outputs, the largest
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