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A Review of Southern Ocean Squids Using Nets and Beaks
Marine Biodiversity (2020) 50:98 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01113-4 REVIEW A review of Southern Ocean squids using nets and beaks Yves Cherel1 Received: 31 May 2020 /Revised: 31 August 2020 /Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020 Abstract This review presents an innovative approach to investigate the teuthofauna from the Southern Ocean by combining two com- plementary data sets, the literature on cephalopod taxonomy and biogeography, together with predator dietary investigations. Sixty squids were recorded south of the Subtropical Front, including one circumpolar Antarctic (Psychroteuthis glacialis Thiele, 1920), 13 circumpolar Southern Ocean, 20 circumpolar subantarctic, eight regional subantarctic, and 12 occasional subantarctic species. A critical evaluation removed five species from the list, and one species has an unknown taxonomic status. The 42 Southern Ocean squids belong to three large taxonomic units, bathyteuthoids (n = 1 species), myopsids (n =1),andoegopsids (n = 40). A high level of endemism (21 species, 50%, all oegopsids) characterizes the Southern Ocean teuthofauna. Seventeen families of oegopsids are represented, with three dominating families, onychoteuthids (seven species, five endemics), ommastrephids (six species, three endemics), and cranchiids (five species, three endemics). Recent improvements in beak identification and taxonomy allowed making new correspondence between beak and species names, such as Galiteuthis suhmi (Hoyle 1886), Liguriella podophtalma Issel, 1908, and the recently described Taonius notalia Evans, in prep. Gonatus phoebetriae beaks were synonymized with those of Gonatopsis octopedatus Sasaki, 1920, thus increasing significantly the number of records and detailing the circumpolar distribution of this rarely caught Southern Ocean squid. The review extends considerably the number of species, including endemics, recorded from the Southern Ocean, but it also highlights that the corresponding species to two well-described beaks (Moroteuthopsis sp. -
DIET of FREE-RANGING and STRANDED SPERM WHALES (Physeter
DIET OF FREE-RANGING AND STRANDED SPERM WHALES (Physeter macrocephalus) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE CONTRACT REPORT Submitted to: Dr. Keith D. Mullin National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center PO. Drawer 1207 Pascagoula, MS 39568-1207 Submitted by: Dr. Nelio B. Barros Mote Marine Laboratory Center for Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway Sarasota, FL 34236-1096 (941) 388-4441 x 443 (941) 388-4317 FAX May 2003 Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report Number 895 ABSTRACT Sperm whales are common inhabitants of the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. To date, no information is available on the diet of sperm whales in the Gulf. This study sheds light into the feeding habits ofthese whales by examining data collected from free-ranging and stranded animals. Prey species included a minimum of 13 species within 10 families of cephalopods, the only prey type observed. The most important prey was Histioteuthis, a midwater squid important in the diet of sperm whales worldwide. Most species of cephalopods consumed by Gulf sperm whales are meso to bathypelagic in distribution, being found in surface to waters 2,500 deep. Some of these prey are also vertical migrators. The diet of Gulf sperm whales does not include species targeted by the commercial fisheries. INTRODUCTION Until fairly recently, little was known about the species of whales and dolphins (cetaceans) inhabiting the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the information available came from opportunistic sightings and occasional strandings. In the early 1990' s large-scale dedicated surveys were initiated to study the distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the deep Gulf. -
An Illustrated Key to the Families of the Order
CLYDE F. E. ROP An Illustrated RICHARD E. YOl and GILBERT L. VC Key to the Families of the Order Teuthoidea Cephalopoda) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 13 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 13 Clyde F. E. Roper, An Illustrated Key 5K?Z" to the Families of the Order Teuthoidea (Cephalopoda) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1969 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. -
Arctic Cephalopod Distributions and Their Associated Predatorspor 146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A
Arctic cephalopod distributions and their associated predatorspor_146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A. Dick Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Keywords Abstract Arctic Ocean; Canada; cephalopods; distributions; oceanography; predators. Cephalopods are key species of the eastern Arctic marine food web, both as prey and predator. Their presence in the diets of Arctic fish, birds and mammals Correspondence illustrates their trophic importance. There has been considerable research on Terry A. Dick, Biological Sciences, University cephalopods (primarily Gonatus fabricii) from the north Atlantic and the west of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, side of Greenland, where they are considered a potential fishery and are taken Canada. E-mail: [email protected] as a by-catch. By contrast, data on the biogeography of Arctic cephalopods are doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00146.x still incomplete. This study integrates most known locations of Arctic cepha- lopods in an attempt to locate potential areas of interest for cephalopods, and the predators that feed on them. International and national databases, museum collections, government reports, published articles and personal communica- tions were used to develop distribution maps. Species common to the Canadian Arctic include: G. fabricii, Rossia moelleri, R. palpebrosa and Bathypolypus arcticus. Cirroteuthis muelleri is abundant in the waters off Alaska, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Although distribution data are still incomplete, groupings of cephalopods were found in some areas that may be correlated with oceanographic variables. Understanding species distributions and their interactions within the ecosys- tem is important to the study of a warming Arctic Ocean and the selection of marine protected areas. -
A Biotope Sensitivity Database to Underpin Delivery of the Habitats Directive and Biodiversity Action Plan in the Seas Around England and Scotland
English Nature Research Reports Number 499 A biotope sensitivity database to underpin delivery of the Habitats Directive and Biodiversity Action Plan in the seas around England and Scotland Harvey Tyler-Walters Keith Hiscock This report has been prepared by the Marine Biological Association of the UK (MBA) as part of the work being undertaken in the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). The report is part of a contract placed by English Nature, additionally supported by Scottish Natural Heritage, to assist in the provision of sensitivity information to underpin the implementation of the Habitats Directive and the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. The views expressed in the report are not necessarily those of the funding bodies. Any errors or omissions contained in this report are the responsibility of the MBA. February 2003 You may reproduce as many copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains, jointly, with English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Marine Biological Association of the UK. ISSN 0967-876X © Joint copyright 2003 English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Marine Biological Association of the UK. Biotope sensitivity database Final report This report should be cited as: TYLER-WALTERS, H. & HISCOCK, K., 2003. A biotope sensitivity database to underpin delivery of the Habitats Directive and Biodiversity Action Plan in the seas around England and Scotland. Report to English Nature and Scottish Natural Heritage from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the UK. [Final Report] 2 Biotope sensitivity database Final report Contents Foreword and acknowledgements.............................................................................................. 5 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction to the project .............................................................................................. -
The Phylogeny of Coleoid Cephalopods Inferred from Molecular Evolutionary Analyses of the Cytochrome C Oxidase I, Muscle Actin, and Cytoplasmic Actin Genes
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1998 The phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods inferred from molecular evolutionary analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase I, muscle actin, and cytoplasmic actin genes David Bruno Carlini College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Genetics Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Carlini, David Bruno, "The phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods inferred from molecular evolutionary analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase I, muscle actin, and cytoplasmic actin genes" (1998). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616597. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-3pyk-f023 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Distribution Patterns of the Early Life Stages of Pelagic Cephalopods in Three Geographically Different Regions of the Arabian Sea
Reprinted from Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds.) 1993. Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology (fokai University Press, Tokyo) pp. 417-431. Distribution Patterns of the Early Life Stages of Pelagic Cephalopods in Three Geographically Different Regions of the Arabian Sea Uwe PIATKOWSKI*, Wolfgang WELSCH* and Andreas ROPKE** *Institut fiir Meereskunde, Universitiit Kiel, Diisternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kiel 1, Germany **Institut Jiir Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universitiit Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, D-2000 Hamburg 50, Germany Abstract: The present study describes the distribution patterns of the early life stages of pelagic cephalo pods in three different areas of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Specimens were collected during the Meteor-expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1987 by means of multiple opening/closing nets in the top 150m of the water column. A total of 3836 specimens were caught at 67 stations. The following taxa were prevailing: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Ommastrephidae), Abralia marisarabica and Abraliopsis lineata (Enoploteuthidae), Onychoteuthis banksi (Onychoteuthidae), and Liocranchia reinhardti (Cran chiidae). While the enoploteuthid species dominated the two neritic regions (the stations grids off Oman and Pakistan), the ommastrephid and cranchiid species were most abundant in the oceanic waters of the central Arabian Sea. The geographical and vertical distribution patterns of the taxa were analyzed and are discussed along with hydro graphic features which characterized the different areas. The data provide new and important information on the spawning areas of pelagic tropical cephalopods. Introduction In respect to the strong swimming ability and net-avoidance capability of many adult oceanic cephalo pods, reliable quantitative estimates of their abundances may only be possible through sampling their early life stages. -
Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center October 2005 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Etnier, M. A., and C. W. Fowler. 2005. Comparison of size selectivity between marine mammals and commercial fisheries with recommendations for restructuring management policies. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-159, 274 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98115 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Carlos M. -
Sperm Whale Diet in New Zealand
Thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science Sperm whale diet in New Zealand Felipe Gómez-Villota 2007 Table of contents Attestation of authorship .................................................................................... i List of abbreviations.......................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements............................................................................................ i Abstract ........................................................................................................... iii Introduction.........................................................................................................2 1.1 Objectives and thesis structure...................................................................3 1.2 Thesis outline..............................................................................................4 Literature review .................................................................................................8 2.1 Sperm whale biology ..................................................................................8 2.1.1 Anatomy of the sperm whale.............................................................8 2.1.2 Distribution and migration ...............................................................12 2.1.3 Social structure ...............................................................................15 2.1.4 Diving behaviour .............................................................................17 -
Identification and Estimation of Size from the Beaks of 18 Species of Cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean
17 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 17 Identification and Estimation of Size From the Beaks of 18 Species of Cephalopods From the Pacific Ocean Gary A. Wolff November 1984 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implemen tation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS series was established in 1983 to replace two subcategories of the Technical Reports series: "Special Scientific Report-Fisheries" and "Circular." The series contains the following types of reports: Scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope, papers on applied fishery problems, technical reports of general interest intended to aid conservation and management, reports that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level certain broad areas of research, and technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations. -
New Records of the Scaled Squid, Lepidoteuthis Grimaldii Joubin, 1895 in the Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic Ocean
Manuscript New records of the scaled squid, Lepidoteuthis grimaldii Joubin, 1895 in the Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Alejandro Escánez, Ángel Guerra, Francisco Rocha & Fernando Lozano- Soldevilla Alejandro Escánez (e-mail: [email protected]) & Francisco Rocha, BioCephALab Cephalopod Biology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. Ángel Guerra, ECOBIOMAR, Grupo de Ecología y Biodiversidad Marina. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo-CSIC. C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain. Fernando Lozano, Departamento de Biología Animal y Edafología y Geología. Facultad de Biología. Universidad de La Laguna. Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N. Campus Universitario de Anchieta, 38206 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain. Abstract Two well conserved female specimens of the uncommon soft-scaled squid Lepidoteuthis grimaldii Joubin, 1895 (Lepidoteuthidae, Oegopsida) were caught in Canary island waters: a maturing female of 580 mm dorsal mantle length found dead on the surface at 27º38’N, 18º01’W (near El Hierro Island); an immature female of 350 mm dorsal mantle length captured by commercial open midwater trawl at 28º48’N,16º00’W (north of Tenerife Island), between 342 and 487 m depth. This is the first report of an adult of this species from the Canary Islands. Morphological data are presented and the bathymetric distribution of this species in Canary waters is discussed. Introduction Our knowledge on the biodiversity, biology and distribution of oceanic cephalopod species is unequal. Pelagic species with high fishery potential, such as Ommastrephidae, have been intensively studied (Hoving 2008; Jereb & Roper 2010) in contrast to those with low commercial value. -
Cephalopods As Predators: a Short Journey Among Behavioral Flexibilities, Adaptions, and Feeding Habits
REVIEW published: 17 August 2017 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00598 Cephalopods as Predators: A Short Journey among Behavioral Flexibilities, Adaptions, and Feeding Habits Roger Villanueva 1*, Valentina Perricone 2 and Graziano Fiorito 3 1 Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, 2 Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes), Napoli, Italy, 3 Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy The diversity of cephalopod species and the differences in morphology and the habitats in which they live, illustrates the ability of this class of molluscs to adapt to all marine environments, demonstrating a wide spectrum of patterns to search, detect, select, capture, handle, and kill prey. Photo-, mechano-, and chemoreceptors provide tools for the acquisition of information about their potential preys. The use of vision to detect prey and high attack speed seem to be a predominant pattern in cephalopod species distributed in the photic zone, whereas in the deep-sea, the development of Edited by: Eduardo Almansa, mechanoreceptor structures and the presence of long and filamentous arms are more Instituto Español de Oceanografía abundant. Ambushing, luring, stalking and pursuit, speculative hunting and hunting in (IEO), Spain disguise, among others are known modes of hunting in cephalopods. Cannibalism and Reviewed by: Francisco Javier Rocha, scavenger behavior is also known for some species and the development of current University of Vigo, Spain culture techniques offer evidence of their ability to feed on inert and artificial foods. Alvaro Roura, Feeding requirements and prey choice change throughout development and in some Institute of Marine Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas species, strong ontogenetic changes in body form seem associated with changes in (CSIC), Spain their diet and feeding strategies, although this is poorly understood in planktonic and *Correspondence: larval stages.